托福口语课件(修改版)

新托福口语考试--Basis:QuestionTypes&Americanaccent新托福口语考试--Basis:1WhatisSPEAKING?

Speakingistheproductive,oralskill.Speakingisaninteractiveprocessofconstructingmeaningthatinvolvesproducingandreceivingandprocessinginformation.Speakingisoftenspontaneous,open-ended,andevolving(变化发展的)，butnotcompletelyunpredictable.

WhatisSPEAKING?Speakingis2总之，一句话，口语是要说出来的。

总之，一句话，3WhatisTEST?Atestisaseriesofquestionsthatyoumustansweroractionsthatyoumustperforminordertoshowhowmuchyouknowaboutasubjectorhowwellyouareabletodosomething.WhatisTEST?Atestisaserie4总之，一句话，

考试的时候，尽量说自己熟悉的会说的东西.总之，一句话，5WhatisspeakingtestinTOEFLIBT?2+4组合（开放型+控制型）2:独立口语部分independent4:综合口语部分integratedWhatisspeakingtestinTOEFL61.独立口语部分:Task1:Personalexperience

（小学生作文水平）Task2:Personalpreference

（中学生作文水平）1.独立口语部分:Task1:Personalexp72.综合口语部分:1)Read–listen-speak

Task3conversation(campus-based)Task4lecture(academic)2)Listen–speakTask5conversation(campus-based)Task6lecture(academic)2.综合口语部分:1)Read–listen-spea8TimelimitTask115’’45’’Task2Task345’’30’’60’’Task4Task520’’60’’Task6TimelimitTask19总之，一句话，新托福口语不变态，听的读的多了,自然就会说了。

总之，一句话，10

3YStandards3y标准AccuracyFluencySpontaneity3YStandards3y标准Accurac11ETS标准Delivery(表达)--

Howclearyourspeechis.

Goodresponsesarethoseinwhichthespeechis

fluidandclear,withgoodpronunciation,naturalpacing,andnaturalsounding-patterns.

ETS标准Delivery(表达)--Howclear12LanguageUse(语言使用)--

Howeffectivelyyouusegrammarandvocabularytoconveyyourideas.

Raterswillbelookingtoseehowwellyoucancontrolbothbasicand

morecomplexlanguagestructuresanduseappropriatevocabulary.LanguageUse(语言使用)--Howeffe13TopicDevelopment(话题展开)--

Howfully

youanswerthequestionandhowcoherentlyyoupresentyourideas.Goodresponsesgenerallyuseallormostofthetimeallotted,andtherelationshipbetweenideasandtheprogressionfromoneideatothenextisclearandeasytofollow.TopicDevelopment(话题展开)--How140-4Organization（topicdev.）Comprehensibility（delivery）Fluency（delivery）Pronunciation（delivery/L.use）Grammar（L.use）Vocabulary（L.use）

0-4Organization（topicdev.）15总之，一句话，想拿25+必须将你的发音彻底翻新总之，一句话，16托福口语考试有6个部分，所以托福口语时间是比较长的，那么如果做好托福口语时间分配呢？首先我们看下托福口语的6个问题，分别该怎么进行托福口语时间分配：

第1题：准备15秒，说45秒。第2题：准备15秒，说45秒。第3题：阅读+听力，讨论学校方面的话题，不需要加入自己观点。读45s，听60s，准备30s，说60s。第4题：阅读+讲座，教授套用例子,不需要加入自己观点。读45s，听60s---90s，准备30秒，说60秒。第5题：听力，总结问题，出主意，要自己选观点说体验。听60-90秒，准备20s，说60s。第6题：讲座，复述一遍教授的总分总结构，不需要自己的观点。听60-90s，准备20s，说60秒。托福口语考试有6个部分，所以托福口语时间是比较长的，那么如果17对于那些刚刚接触托福口语的同学们来说，口语部分也许是比较难啃的一块大肉。由于国内的应试教育，导致了很多人学的都是‘哑巴英语’。面对托福口语使他们不知道说什么从何说起。这就需要我们在平时的时候加强对话题的拓展和训练。

大家都知道IBT考试的口语部分通常都是取材于北美大学学生日常学术和校园生活的许多方面，要求学生可以熟练地理解别人的思路并表达出自己的看法。读/听/说题目和听/说题目都要求考生充分理解相关的题目材料，对考生的口语能力和临场应变能力较高。每道题目回答时间不超过一分钟，这要求考生的语言运用要高度归纳并精练准确。TOEFL口语考试是电脑录音，评判者是通过听录音来做分数评估的，所以，说得快未必是件好事，说得清楚才是重点。考虑到评卷者可能会产生的听觉疲劳，所以考生们表述时不要一味求快，而要注意断句、重音和语调。对于那些刚刚接触托福口语的同学们来说，口语部分也许是比较难啃18

一、独立口语

Task1

Task2

二、综合口语

Task3

Task4

Task5

Task6托福口语概况 托福口语概况19在口语部分，考生需要就基于个人经历、校园环境和学术性材料提出的各种话题用英语表达自己的观点。答题时间共20分钟。Task1,2:独立口语任务，写生要依据自己的观点、见解或者经历来回答问题。Task3,4:读文章——讨论或者讲座节选——答题Task5,6:听对话或者节选的讲座片段——答题在整个口语考试中，考生可以记笔记，并在回答时作参考。托福口语概况托福口语概况20口语评分标准独立口语：旨在检验学生能否阐明并连贯表达自己的观点、能否运用恰当的解释与细节描述充实并支持论点，一级语言表达时间偶清晰流畅、易于理解。综合口语：旨在检验考生能否根据1到2段材料传达相关信息，能否连贯表达观点并通过恰当的解释和细节描写充实论点，以及语言表达是否清晰流畅、易于理解。DeliveryLanguageuseTopicdevelopment口语评分标准21一、人物类二、地点类 三、事物类 1、抽象事物 2、具体事物 四、事件类

独立口语托福口语考试的第一题和第二题是独立口语任务，大家需要做的是就用自己的经历或想法来回答问题。题目主要涉及日常生活和一些社会现象，准备时间15秒，答题时间45秒。从时间上看，

15秒的准备，这么短的时间根本无法让考生酝酿出好的答案来，所以要想在这两个题目上获得高分，预先的素材准备也是必不可少的。这就需要大家在平时的时候做到每道题都Brainstorm。一、人物类独立口语托福口语考试的第一题和第二题是独立口语任务22人物类题目1题目2题目3题目4名人同事/组员领导老师/朋友/家人成就achievement团结:collaborative(apatientlistenerandreadilytoacceptotherssuggestions)信任下级Showconfidenceinteammembers热心/乐于助人Alwayshelpmewhenneeded/behelpfultoothers性格CharacterCourageousandresolute(果敢)适应性：adaptable(adapttonewenvironmentquickly)赏罚分明Beequaltoeveryonewithoutshowingfavortoanyparticularone有趣，在一起不觉得闷Funny，humoroustellingjokes生活简朴Liveasimplelife有热情/积极/创新/认真：enthusiasticActiveCreativeSerious努力学习工作，给大家树立榜样Workhardtoinspirepeople/exemplarycharacter知识丰富/专业KnowledgeabletellingthingsthatIdon’fessional创新精神Creativity效率：Efficientinwork/communicating（whenfacingaproblemandchallengeagoodmembercanfindsolutionsquickly）管理能力Begoodatmanagement诚实/忠诚Honesty/Faithfulness一、人物类

人物类题目1题目2题目3题目4名人同事/组员领导老师/朋友/23托福口语课件(修改版)24Sampleanswer1:Describethequalitiesofagoodleader:Ithinkaleaderneedsatleasttwoimportantcharacteristics.First,aleadershouldbegoodatmanagement.Thereareusuallyagreatnumberofmembersunderthechargeofoneleader,soaleaderissupposedtoorganizeeverythingwellinordertomakeacompanyrunsmoothly.Secondly,agoodleadershouldbegoodatmakingdecisions.Agoodandcorrectdecisioncanleadtothefinalsuccess,whereasawronganddelayeddecisionmaybringaboutdisasterstothecompany.Ofcourse,thisskillrequiresalotofworkingexperience.Sampleanswer1:25Sampleanswer2:Describethequalitiesofagoodcolleague:First,acolleagueissupposedtobeefficientinwork.Whengivenataskbytheboss,alltheteammembersshouldtaketheirdutiesandcooperatewellinordertofinishitquickly.Ifoneofthecolleaguesisslowandleftbehind,aprojectwillbedelayed.Secondly,Ithinkacolleagueshouldbereadytohelpothers.Whenanewemployeecomestothecompany,heknowslittleaboutthework,soitishiscolleagueswhoaresupposedtohelphim.Buttherearesomestaffmemberswhowouldn’tliketohelpothers,fortheyareafraidthatotherswillexcelthemafterwards.Sampleanswer2:26地点类思路题目题目1题目2题目3题目4公共场所（名胜/公园）餐馆/购物中心房间国家/城市WhatplaceThegreatwall/Forbiddencity/Summerpalace/Templeofheaven/MountEmeiDeliciousfoodLocation(transportation,whetheritisconvenientforshopping,sanitation,facilities)Environment(Freshair,climate)WhyyoulikeitLouvrepalace/Eiffeltower/Provence/theAlps/ChampsElysees/TriumphalArchReasonablepriceAlotofspaceTransportationPyramid/sphinxThoroughserviceAroomwithaviewEducationSydneyoperahouse/thegreatbarrierreefNiceandcleanCostEconomyDisneyland/thewhitehouse/Yellowstone/thepentagonAtmosphere(cangoonline,romanticfeeling,quiet)StyleofthearchitectureCulture(Beijing-Pekingroastduck,hot-potPekingOpera,Acrobatics)二、地点类

地点类思路题目题目1题目2题目3题目4公共场所（27公共场所（名胜/公园）Describeyourfavoriteplaceinthecityyouarenowliving.Whichplaceisyourfavoriteplacewhenyouwereachild?Whatparkorpublicareadoyoulike？Describeaplaceyouhaveneverbeentobutliketogosomeday(prairie，ocean，Tibet，placesofinterestetc.)Ifyourforeignfriendsaregoingtovisityourcountry,wheredoyousuggestthemtogo?Wheredoyouliketogoanddosportswhenitissunny?餐馆/购物中心Wheredoyouusuallygowithyourfriends?Whatkindsoffeaturesareimportanttoyouwhenyougotoarestaurantorcafé?Why?房间Describeoneofyourfavoriterooms,eitherofyourhouseorotherplacesWhatisthemostimportantelementyoutakeintoaccountwhenyouarechoosingahouse?国家/城市Describeacityyouhavealwayswantedtogoandexplainwhy?其它Studentschooseforeigncountryforfurthereducationbecauseofacademicprogramsandsoon.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantaspectbesidesacademicprogram,location,costorsize?Wherewouldyouliketolive,Mountain,forest,beach,ordesert?公共场所（名胜/公园）Describeyourfavor28Sampleanswer1:Ifyourforeignfriendsaregoingtovisityourcountry,wheredoyousuggestthemtogo?IfIhadthechance,I’dliketotaketheforeignvisitorstotheForbiddenCity.First,theForbiddenCityhasahistoryofmorethan600yearsandistheplacewheretheroyalfamilyusedtoliveduringtheQingandMingdynasty.TheForbiddenCityissolargethatithasmorethan900rooms.ItsmagnificentarchitecturewhichincludesmanyChineseelementshasbecomethesymbolofChineseculture.Second,thousandsofvisitorsfromdifferentpartsoftheworldcometoseeiteveryday.Theyallsayitlooksmuchgranderthanitlooksinmovies.What’smore，therearealotofantiquesdisplayingintheForbiddencityattractingmanyvisitors.Sampleanswer1:29Sampleanswer2:Wherewouldyouliketolive,Mountain,forest,beach,ordesert?TheplaceI’dliketoliveistheforest.Ipreferitforthefollowingreasons.Firstofall,theairintheforestismuchfresherthanthatinthecity.AndIknowdoctorswillsuggestpeopletogotheretobreatheinmoreoxygen.Ihaveacousin,Jimmy,whousedtohaveproblemswithhislungsandhisdoctortoldhimtogototheforestasmuchashecould.Nowheiswellagain.Also,wecanhikeorevenhavepicnicsintheforestaslongaswedonotgetlost.Itmustbesuchaniceexperiencetofeelthebreezeandwatchthegreentreessittingonthegrasswithyourfriendswhileyoucanenjoyyourdeliciousfood.Sampleanswer2:301、抽象事物抽象事物题目备选项workofartmoviepoemsongpaintingphotographdecisiongoabroadjobhoppingmovingselectamajorgetapart-timejobtakealongjourneyjobfinancialanalystaccountantteacherdoctorlawyersalesmanadvicetimemanagementfocusonenhancingpracticalcapabilitiesbuildupareadinghabitHaveagoodrelationshipwithpeoplearoundalwayskeepintouchwithclosefriendsObtaininformationfromallthepossiblewaysnewsBethechampionofabasketballmatchBeelectedtobethepresidentofthestudentuniontheearthquakethefinancialcrisisanawardforanarticleanofferfromandreamuniversityopportunityworkasaleaderinagroupinternshipBeingavolunteeroftheOlympicGamesparticipateapaintingcontestBeingatourguideforagroupofforeignstudentsannouncerinaradiostationdifficultypreparefortheTOEFLconductasurveycookforthewholefamilyorganizeaclassactivityCallforhelpinanemergencyrentanapartmentskilldrivingswimmingcookingplayingtheguitardesigningfencing事物类

1、抽象事物抽象事物题目备选项workofartmov31goalgetanofferfromtheidealuniversitygetamaster’sdegreeinarchitecturegainconsiderablescholarshipgainanformaljobinannationalcorporationbeinganexcellentdancertravelaroundtheworldsubjectfinancemarketingjournalismarchitectureeconomicssociologytimeofayearSpring/summer/fall/winterSpringFestivalNationalDayholidayperiodthestartofasemesterthesummer/wintervacationworkpeakclassanEnglishclassalectureinmarketinganobservationinaprimarythirdgradeclassachemistryclasswithafunnyexperimentanoutdoorbiologyclassaP.E.classgoalgetanofferfromtheidea32Describethemostimportantdecisionthatyou’vemadeinyourlife.

AparticularlysignificantdecisionI’vemadeinmylifewasthatIcametoworkandliveinBeijing.

IhadjustfinishedmycontractonaverydecentjobandIsupposeIwantedanewchallenginganddemandingjob.SoIdecidedtocometoBeijing,thecapitalcityfilledwithtalentsandopportunities.Besides,

IwasalwaysabitpassionateandIlikedtodothingsonthe

spurofthemoment.Arrivinginanewcitywas

exciting.JustwalkingoutofthestationwithasuitcaseandtwobagsandwithadreamofdoingsomethingfortheOlympicGames,IfeltIhadarrivedandIfeltlifewasmineandIcouldmakeittobeexactlywhatIwanted.

Thatsummer,Irealizedagainthatlifeneveroughttobeboring,butonthecontraryisfullofadventureandchallengeandisexciting,too.

Describethemostimportantde332、具体事物具体事物BookGiftFoodMeansoftransportationtechnologyStyleofclothingfiction/novelacrystalboatKungPaochickensubwayTelevisionT-shirt&Jeansmagazine/journalabookPekingroastduckbicycleComputerDresspoemapairofhighheelsHotpotBus/trolleybusCellphoneSportswearReferencebookaguitarSteamedstuffedbunTrain/tramInternetCheong-sambiographyDSLR(DigitalSingleLensReflex单反相机)CongeewithmungbeanDriveone’sowncarAirplaneSuitshandbookafantastictravelSweetandsourmandarinfishAirplanetransportationNeutralclothing2、具体事物具体事物BookGiftFoodMeansof34Describeabookthatyouthinkisinteresting.Explainwhythisbookisinterestingtoyou.Includedetailsandexamplesinyourexplanation.CodeofVinciisundoubtedlyaveryinterestingbookwhichattractsalistofreadersintheworld.First,personally,Ihavetosaythatwecanlearnalotaboutthewesternculturefromthisbook,suchasthereligion,theBible,themysteriouschurches,themuseumsinParis,andsomeothermysteries.Additionally，thewholestoryinthebookdevelopsinaverylogicalandamazingway,fullofmysteriesanddetectiveelementswhichkeepmyinteresttoknowwhathappensnext.Itisreallyanattractivebook.Describeabookthatyouthink35综合口语Task3听力部分的笔记应注意以下事项：(1)对话通常为一男一女对阅读文章中的话题发表自己的看法。选择发表观点最直接最强烈的一方记录(2)看法强烈的一方对文章中的问题可能表示赞成，也可能表示反对，并给出支持自己观点的两个理由，考生要对此信息进行记录。综合口语Task336常用结构句式1)阅读部分复述时，第一句话要交代阅读内容的背景，一般以下列表达为主：Theuniversityisgoingto/hasplanned/hasdecidedto...,because....(原因一)，also...(原因二)Intheannouncement/notice,theuniversityisgoingto...,thefirstreasonis...,thesecondreasonis...(2)阅读部分介绍完毕，可以直接说明学生的态度，并自然过渡到听力内容。Thewoman/mantotallyagreeswiththeuniversity’sannouncement/decision/policy.Theman/womanisagainst/supporting...He/shefeelsunhappy/lesssatisfiedabout...She/hethinksthe...isunfair/inconvenient/unaffordableforthefollowingreasons...(3)听力部分，当转述对话人所给出的两个理由时，可以用以下表达：First,she/hethinks/saysAlso,she/hepointsoutthat...常用结构句式1)阅读部分复述时，第一句话要交代阅读内容的背37真题练习AnOpeningLetterfromaStudentDearPrinciple: Hopethisfindsyouwell.Iamwritingtoproposethattheschoolshouldsponsorawildernessclubwithfundstorentbusesandorganizefieldtrips.Ibelievethatallwestudentswouldbebenefitedfromtheinvestmentforthefollowingtworeasons.First,withthetransportationprovidedbytheschool,wewillfinditmoreconvenienttogoforanouting.Also,goingoutdoorsandlookingatnaturalscenerywillmakeusfeelrefreshedandrelaxed.Asaresult,weareabletoconcentratemoreefficientlyontheschoolworkaftersuchatrip. Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon!BestRegards,xx2009年2月28日真题练习AnOpeningLetterfromaS38NarratorNowlistentotwostudentsastheydiscusstheopeningletter.Man:Look!That’sgreat!Woman:Whatdoyoumean?Man:Theschoolwouldmakeagooddecisionbyfollowingthroughonthatstudent’sproposal.Woman:Whatistheproposalabout?Man:Hereyougo:aletterinthenewspaperstatesthattheschoolshouldallocatefundstoorganizefieldtripsforstudents.Ibelievethisactwillhaveapositiveimpact.Woman:Okay,pleaseexplainyourideaalittlebitfurther.Narrator39Man:Well,theschoolwilldefinitelybedoingagoodthinginprovidingfundsforthis.Especiallyinspringandsummer,alotofstudentsenjoytakingnaturewalks.However,notallofthemhavetransportation,makingitdifficulttotaketrips.Studentslivinginthecenterofthecitywouldfindtripslikethatdifficulttomake.Butwiththetransportationcoveredbytheschool,morestudentswouldbeabletotakeabreakfromtheirstudiesandgoonnaturewalks.Woman:Youareright.Beingoutandaboutinnatureisreallyrefreshing,right?Man:That’sright.Spendingallourtimeandenergyonstudyingleadstoexhaustion.Tripslikethesearegoodexperiencesforstudents,helpingthemtorechargetheirbatteriesandexperiencenature.Whentheycomeback,thestudentswillbeevenmorefocusedontheirstudies.Woman:Sure,definitely.Man:40SampleAnswer:Aletterfromastudentsuggestedthattheschoolshouldfinanciallysupportawildernessclubforstudentsbecausestudentsneedtogetintouchwithnatureandtakeabreakfromtheirstudies.Themanlikestheproposalforthefollowingreasons.Manystudentswhowanttotakenaturewalksdonothavepropertransportation,makingittoodifficultforthemtotravelonfieldtrips.Butthefreetransportofferedbytheschoolwillenablestudentstogoonnaturewalks.Afterstudentsarerechargedfromthetrip,theywillbeabletoconcentratemoreontheirschoolwork.SampleAnswer:41

综合口语task4答题思路回答这个问题的时候，考生需要试用来自听力和阅读材料的信息，并把教授在讲座中提到的例子和阅读文章中提出笼统的概念相练习。考生不需要一一列举出细节，但是提供的信息也是能够让没有听过讲座的人理解的。综合口语task442常用句式结构Inthissetofmaterials,thereadingpassagedescribes……andthelisteningmaterialisonthesametopic.Accordingtothelecture,theprofessordiscussesthepointthat……Theprofessortalksaboutthetheorythat…….He/shegivesone/twoexamplestoexplainsuchapointThereadingpassagegivesthedefinitionof……Inthelecture,theprofessorgoesontodemonstrateitbyintroducingsomeexamples.Thefirstis……Thesecondis……Fromthereadingmaterial，weknowthat……Todemonstrateit，thespeakerprovidestwoexamples/reasons/researches.Oneexampleisthat……Anotherexampleisthat…….常用句式结构43真题练习2009年10月18日OpportunitycostOpportunitycostisaneconomicphenomenondescribingthenext-bestchoiceavailabletosomeonewhohaspickedbetweenseveralmutuallyexclusivechoices.Thenotionofopportunitycostplaysacrucialpartinensuringthatscarceresourcesareusedefficiently.Forexample,therearemanyoptionsinascenario.Whenpeoplewithafixedamountofmoneychooseoneofthemandbenefitfromit,theymustgiveupthebenefitsassociatedwithotheroptions.Narrator:M:welcometomyclass.You’reinMacroeconomics.Today,we’regoingtolearnaboutanimportanteconomicconceptknownasopportunitycost.Opportunitycostistheprocessofchoosingoneproductorserviceoveranother.Theitemthatyoudon’tpickistheopportunitycost.Itisassessedinnotonlymonetary,butalsomaterialterms.真题练习2009年10月18日44Eventhoughpeoplemightnotrealizeit,theyuseopportunitycosteverysingleday.Hereisanexample.Manyyearsago,theschoolhadtwooptionsindevelopingschoolinfrastructure.Onechoicewastobuildanewswimmingpool,becausetheschoollackedoneandstudentshadtogoallthewaytothepublicpooldowntown.Thesecondoptionwasconstructionofanewlibrary,becausetheexistingonewastoosmall.Intheend,theschooldecidedtobuildaswimmingpool.Whilemakingthisdecision,theschoolconsideredboththecostandtheopportunitycostofbuildingtheswimmingpool.Theopportunitycostinthiscasewasthebenefitstheschoolwouldhavereceivedfrombuildinganewlibrary.Forinstance,manystudentsmaynotpreferaswimmingpoolandwouldhavewantedagoodenvironmentforlearningordoingresearch.Theschoolwouldhavetoforegotheirinterestsifitwantedtobuildaswimmingpool.Eventhoughpeoplemightnotr45Question:theprofessortakesoneexampletoillustratethephenomenonof“opportunitycost”.Explainhowthisexampleisrelatedtothereadingpassage.Preparationtime:30secondsResponsetime:60secondsSampleanswer:Thelecturetalksaboutopportunitycost,whichisaneconomicphenomenon.Itmeanstheprocessandcostofchoosingonethingoveranother.Peopleuseopportunitycostintheireverydaylives,butmostofthemmightnotbeawareofit.Forexample,aschooloncehadtwooptionsoverwhethertobuildanewswimmingpooloranewlibrary.Afterhavingconsideredtheopportunitycostbetweenthetwooptions,theschooldecidedtobuildaswimmingpool.Thecostinthiscasewasthestudentsbenefitingfromhavingmorebooksandagoodenvironmentforlearningorconductingresearchfromanewlibrary.Question:theprofessortakes462009年2月28日CompetenceInpsychology,competenceisastandardizedrequirementforanindividualtoproperlyperformaspecificjob.Itencompassesacombinationofknowledge,skillsandbehaviorutilizedtoimproveperformance.Moregenerally,competenceistheabilitytoperformaspecifictask,actionorfunctionsuccessfully.Competencehastwostages:theconsciousandunconscious.Nowlistentoalectureonthistopicinaneducationpsychologyclass.W:Bothconsciouscompetenceandunconsciouscompetencearenamesforthetwostagesofcompetenceorlearning,whichisanexplanationofhowpeoplelearnsomething.Itprogressesfromdevelopingaskillinanareabuthavingtoconcentrateonit,tothesecondstage,inwhichpeoplearesogoodattheskillthatitjustcomesnaturally.I'llexplainthetermsfurthertohelpyouunderstandalittlebetter.2009年2月28日47understandalittlebetter.Consciouscompetencereferstoanindividual'sunderstandingorknowledgeofdoingsomething.However,demonstratingtheskillorknowledgerequiresagreatdealofconsciousconcentration.Here'sanexample:whenyoufirststarttolearntypingonacomputerkeyboard,youhavetoworkhardathittingtherightkeyswithoutbeingbotheredbyotherthingsinordertogeteverythingcorrect.Sometimes,youneedtostoptotalkwithothers.Asaresult,typinganarticlewilltakealongtime,butyoumakefewmistakes.However,whenitcomestothestageofunconsciouscompetence,anindividualhasmasteredtheskillsothatitbecomessecondnatureandcanbeperformedeasily,oftenwithoutconcentratingtoodeeply.Let'sgobacktothesameexample.Youaretypinganarticle,butthistimeyoudon'thavetothinkaboutwherethekeysare一youjusttypethemautomatically.Yourtypingspeedisgettingfasterandfaster,andyou'reabletotalktoyourfriendswithoutconcentratingonthekeyboard.Ofcourse,typingerrorsmaymorefrequentlyoccur.understandalittlebetter.48Theprofessortakesoneexampletoillustratethedifferencebetweentheconsciousandunconsciouscompetence.explainhowthisexampleisrelatedtothereadingpassage.Competenceistheabilitytoperformaspecificjobwell.Ithastwostages:theconsciousandunconscious.Consciouscompetenceisthefirststageoflearningwhichrequiresgreatconcentrationwhendemonstratingaskill.Forexample,whenyoustarttolearntyping,youhavetoconcentrateoneachkeyyouhit.Youdon'twantotherstobotheryouandsometimesyouhavetostopwhenyoutalktoothers.Asaresultthough,yourtypinghasfewmistakes.However,whenitcomestothesecondstageoflearning,peoplehavealreadymasteredtheskillandnolongerconcentrateasdeeply.Forrexample,youdon'thavetolookatthekeyboardwhenyouaretypinganarticlebecausetheskillhasbecomesecondnature.Soyoucantypefasterthanbeforeandtalktoyourfriendsatthesametime.However,sometimeserrorsaremorelikelytooccur.Theprofessortakesoneexampl49思路分析在听力时应该留意听的有三点：（1）男生或者女生遇到了什么样的问题，记下最简洁的关键词（2）另外一个人提出的第一个意见和详细内容（3）提出的第二个意见和详细内容综合口语Task5在准备时间里应该着重于选择倾向的一个建议，然后列出两个理由思路分析综合口语Task5在准备时间里应该着重于选择倾向50常用结构句式首先概括听力里的内容，即遇到了什么样的问题及两个建议Theman/womanhasencounteredaproblemthat...Theproblemoftheman/womanisthat...Thefirstadvicegivenis...whilethesecondis...Theman/womanposed2advices,thefirstoneis...,thesecondoneis...Thereare2possiblewaystosolvetheproblem...之后再提出个人的观点和理由Ipreferthefirst/secondadviceforthefollowingreasonsthat...Thefirst/secondoneismorereasonablethat...Thefirst/secondoneisbetterthantheother,because...Althoughthefirst/secondadvicesoundsreasonable,Ibelievethattheotheroneismoresuitable...常用结构句式512009年10月18日ManHi,Mary.Summeriscoming.Doyouhaveanyplans?WomanWell,I'mabouttoapplyforasummerjobatanewspaperoffice.IwishIcouldworkforanewspaperaftergraduation.ManWow,itsoundslikeyouhaveagoodplanforyourfuture.WomanButtheproblemis…Ihavetosubmitmyapplicationbeforethedeadline,whichisnoontomorrow.Buttheofficeiswaytoofarfromschool,andIdon'tknowifIcangetthereontime.ManOh,Iunderstand.Youprobablywanttodrivethereanddeliveryourapplication.Iamsureyoucansubmityourthedeadline.2009年10月18日52WomanHa,nodoubt!ButIjustrealizedIhaveareviewsessiontomorrowmorningoncampus.HowcouldImakebothatthesametime?ManYeah,yourscheduleistricky.Perhapsthere'sanotherway一youcansendyourapplicationbyexpressmail.Theexpressservicealwayshasawaytodeliveryourapplicationontime.So,feelfreetoattendyourclasstomorrowmorning.Youwon'treallymissanythingimportant.WomanYeah,youknow,I'vedreamedaboutthisopportunity.Aftergraduation,whenI'mlookingforwork,anyemployerwilldefinitelyvaluemypart-timenewspaperexperience.Sendingmyapplicationbyexpresswouldbeconvenientandfast,butI'mafraidthattheywouldmakeamistakebydeliveringthe.Woman53Brieflysummarizetheproblemandtwopossiblesolutions.Thenstatewhichsolutionyourecommendandexplainwhy.PreparationTime:20SecondsResponseTime:60SecondsBrieflysummarizetheproblem54SampleAnswer:Thewomanisapplyingforasummerjobatanewspaperoffice,andshehastosubmittheapplicationbeforethedeadlinetomorrow.Buttheofficeisfarawayfromherschool,andsheisafraidthatshewon'tgetthereontime.Theotherstudentgiveshertwosolutions.First,thewomancandrivetodeliverherapplicationonthespotorshecansendtheexpressmail.Personallyspeaking,Ipreferthesecondsolution.Thewomanhasareviewsessionintheearlymorningnextday,soshecan'tdrivetodeliverherthenewspaperoffice.Expressservice,ontheotherhand,isthebestwaytocopewiththeproblem,becauseitalwaysdeliversmailontime.Thewomanwon'tmissanythingimpo