(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点02 书面表达概要写作专练（解析版）

热点02热点02书面表达概要写作【概要写作命题规律和趋势】根据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试说明〈高考综合改革试验省份试用〉》（第一版）可知，概要写作的设题形式如下：提供一篇350字以内的短文，短文体裁以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语言高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇60字左右的内容概要。【概要写作解题策略和技巧】第一，读懂原文，抓住大意。这是概要写作的最基本也是最重要的要求，如果不能正确地理解原文，不能准确地把握文章大意，那么我们的概要写作就会下笔千言离题万里。语言再优美地道也是无用之功，南辕北辙。第二，定位主题句，找到关键。概要写作涉及的文体主要有两种：议论文和说明文，针对不同的文体，我们要采用不同的方法定位主题句，或者找出关键信息。1．议论文的概括先要弄清楚文章的观点、论据和结论，注意文章每一段的首尾句或者文章的首尾段。通常，一篇文章有几个段落就有几个中心句。文中有一分为二的观点的，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。例如：Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas“bracketing”.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderwayandtheenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.本段陈述的主要内容为：做一个好的倾听者需要全神贯注，即是bracketing法则：第一，暂时摒弃个人的偏见和要求，设身处地地为别人着想；第二，暂时全面地接受对方。只有这样才能做到彼此真正交流，才能促进双方共同进步。主题句为：Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.，但是在概括中还必须包括bracketing所得到的两个要点：givinguporsettingasideofyourprejudicesanddesires和atemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson，整合后可形成这样的主题内容：Followingtherule“bracketing”,whichmeanslisteningwithoutprejudicesandwithacceptance,isofvitalimportanceinhelpingyoubecomeagoodlistener.2．说明文通常会有中心句，写概要时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后用自己的话重组文章的信息。例如：Scientistshavefoundevidenceofagiantplanetfaroutinoursolarsystem.Inastatement,theCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Calatech)saidthisplanettravelsinastrangeorbitinthedistantsolarsystem.ThediscoverywasmadebytworesearchersatCaltech:KonstantinBatyginandMikeBrown.Theyusedmathematicalmodelingandcomputersimulations(模拟)tofindtheplanet.Sofar,therehavenotbeenanydirectobservationsoftheplanet.本段落的主要内容为科学家们发现了第九大行星存在证据，不过目前为止对此行星并没有直接的观测发现。主题句为：Scientistshavefoundevidenceofagiantplanetfaroutinoursolarsystem…Sofar,therehavenotbeenanydirectobservationsoftheplanet.用自己的语言重组后，关键信息如下：Thoughscientistshavenotobservedthefarawayplanetdirectly,theysayitisevidentthatthereexistsagiantplanetinoursolarsystem.第三，组织语言，转换表达。在概要写作的评分标准中，第五档（21-25分）中对语言表达独立性的要求为：完全使用自己的语言。有个别整句抄自原文的降低一个档次给分（第四档）；出现两句以上照抄原文的，再降低一个档次给分（第三档）。这就要求我们在概要写作的过程中，在读懂原文、抓住大意、定位主题句和找到关键信息之后，要做的就是对语言的润色加工了。在这个过程中，我们可以采用同义替换、语义转换、要点重组、巧用关联词等方法灵活准确地表达，以达到语言表达独立性的要求。例如：Theresearcherssaycountriesneedtoworktogetherandcomeupwithsafestopoverareasforbirdsthatpassthroughtheirboundaries.Forexample,onecountrymighthavepreservedsafezonesformigratingbirds.Butaneighborcountrymightnot.Abirdmightperish.OnescientisttellstheLosAngelesTimesthatwhilesomehabitatsarechanging;moreworkcanbedonetomakeurbanareassafeforbirds.Hesayssmallchanges-likeplantingmorenativeplantsorkeepingcatsoutofareasbirdswouldbelikelytouse-couldmakeabigdifference.本段落的主要内容分为：研究者呼吁世界各国加强合作，为过境的鸟儿提供一个安全的栖息地。小小的善行能带来大大不同。主题句为：Theresearcherssaycountriesneedtoworktogetherandcomeupwithsafestopoverareasforbirdsthatpassthroughtheirboundaries…smallchanges…couldmakeabigdifference.可同义替换为contributealot;smallchanges可转换为alittlekindness，同时可用关联词for来连接两个句子，表述承接关系。由此，要点可整合为：Researchersurgecountriestomakejointeffortstoprovideasafeplaceforbirdspassingthroughtheirboundaries,forasmallkindnesscanreallycontributealot.。【热点话题】社会热点；学生生活；暑期活动【限时检测】【高考真题和样题】A(2020年江苏省高考英语真题)话题：中国题材纪录片难度：★★建议用时：25分书面表达(满分25分)81.请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。SuHua:Hi,LiJiang!DidyouseetheBBCdocumentaryonCCTV9lastweek?LiJiang:YoumeanDuFu:China’sGreatestPoet?Yes,Idid.Fantastic!SuHua:JustthinkanEnglishactorrecitesChinesepoems.LiJiang:Idon’treallyunderstandeverylineherecites,butIbelievehetrulylovesthepoemshimself.SuHua:Right.ItisreportedthatthefilmiswellreceivedoutsideChina.LiJiang:Yeah,It’smyfirsttimetohearChinesestoriestoldbyanEnglishspeaker.SuHua:Infact,documentariesaboutourcountryareplentifulbothathomeandabroad.Thesefilmscanhelpforeignfriendsbetterunderstandthisland-Chineseliterature,geographyhistory,food...LiJiang:Icouldn’tagreemore.【写作内容】1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】CCTV9broadcastDuFu:China’sGreatestPoet,adocumentaryproducedbyBBC.Thiswell-madefilmprovidesforeignaudienceswithafreshwayofbetterknowingChina’spastandpresent.DocumentariesaboutChina,producedeitherinChinaorinothercountries,arebecomingincreasinglypopularamongforeigners.Foronething,theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.Foranother,Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.IthasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonanythingthatisChinese.ThesedocumentariespresentasplendidpictureofChinainfrontoftheiraudiences-ithistory,landscape,art,food,oreventraditionalChinesemedicine.Becauseofthesefilms,someforeignershavebeguntothinkofcomingtoChina.Inthisway,theycanformatruepictureofChinathemselves.【解析】【分析】这是一篇读写任务。【详解】第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。要求阅读中国题材纪录片的对话，写一篇150个词文章。包括两部分。(一)、用30词概括对话内容。(二)、谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。要求至少两点原因。第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，概括对话内容。第二段和第三段，中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。第四段，总结因为电影吸引外国人想来到中国。第三步:确定关键词汇和短语:producedby,provide…with,either…or,bekeenon,present,becauseof,inthisway,theoveralldevelopment，sostrikingthat，feeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswith.第四步:确定较为高级的句子:非谓语动词结构adocumentaryproducedbyBBC；定语从句的运用:IthasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonanythingthatisChinese.第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:foronething,foranother.第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:非谓语动词结构adocumentaryproducedbyBBC；定语从句的运用:IthasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonanythingthatisChinese.状语从句和宾语从句的运用theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.这些高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。B（2019年浙江省高考真题）话题：父母鼓励孩子的方式难度：★★建议用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.

Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”

Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】

Praisingcanbuildupchildren’sconfident,whiletoomuchpraisemayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要点1)Besides,lesspraisealsodoesharmtokids’development.(要点2)Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldbesincereandfocusontheprocessinsteadoftheendproduct.(要点3)Inaword,praiseshouldbeinlinewithfactsandmatchthechildren’sefforts.(要点4)【解析】【分析】本次概要写作文章脉络清晰，一段一要点，属于常规概要写作。文章体裁：议论文文章大意：父母对孩子的表扬过多过少都会带来不好的后果，恰当的表扬应着重表扬孩子做事过程中的努力而非结果。【写作的步骤与策略】第一步：通读全文通读全文，关注到文章的体裁；关注到不断反复出现的词：praise，（主题）关注到文章的谋篇：先讲表扬过多不好，再讲表扬过少也不好，然后提出怎样表扬才算好，最后来一个总结。第二步：逐句逐段解读并用自己的话表达第一段：现在的父母表扬孩子过多，会带来负面的影响，如孩子害怕尝试新事物或者害怕达不到父母的高期待等。第二段：过少的表扬也是有害的，会让孩子觉得自己不好，没有得到父母的关心或觉得自己的努力没有意义。第三段：正确的方式应该是注重赞美的质量而不是数量，注重孩子努力的过程而非结果。第四段：表扬要适当，要根据实际情况。第三步：整合成文（请注意衔接等）【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式：Praisingcanbuildupchildren’sconfident,whiletoomuchpraisemayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要点1)，while引导的并列句。使用了非谓语动词不定式作主语。Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldbesincereandfocusontheprocessinsteadoftheendproduct.(要点3)C（华师一2021届11月月考试题）话题：全球气候变暖对皇帝企鹅的生存带来危害难度：★★★建议用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Until2017,theEmperorpenguinwaslistedasLeastConcernbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature,butasof2018,theyarelistedasNear-Threatenedbecausetheyarepredictedtosufferamoderatelyrapidpopulationdeclineoverthenextthreegenerationsowingtotheeffectsofclimatechange.Thenumberonethreattotheirsurvivalisglobalwarming.Here’showithasaffectedEmperorpenguinsandwhatweshoulddo.Adecreaseintheamountofseaiceformation,whichiscausedbyclimatechange,impactsthefutureoftheEmperorpenguin.ManyEmperorpenguinsbreedoniceshelvesthatonlyformduringtheAntarcticwinter.Therehavebeentimesinrecentyearswhentheiceshelveshavemeltedbackfasterorsoonerthanusual.Manyofthechickshaven’tcompletelyfledged(长出飞羽)intotheirwaterprooffeathersbythetimetheicemeltsbacktotheirhabitats,andtheyareforcedintothecoldoceanwaters,wheretheydieofcoldexposureordrowning.Onethingthatlessseaicedefinitelyaffectsisfoodforthepenguins.Oneoftheirfoodsourcesiskrill(磷虾),andthesea-iceshelvesserveasanurseryforthekrill.Thenewly-bornkrillfeedonthealgae(水藻)thatgrowontheundersideoftheseaice.Whenthereislessseaice,thereislessalgaeforthekrilltofeedon,andconsequentlylesskrillisproduced.Measuresshouldbetakentoprotecttheseanimals.PeoplecandonatetoorganizationsthatareworkingtoprotectEmperorpenguinsandotherpenguinspecies,andouroceansingeneral.Reducingyourimpactontheenvironment,inparticular,issomethingyoucando—youcanmakethesetinychangestoloweryourcarbonfootprinteveryday.Youcanalsobemindfulaboutreducingseafoodconsumptionandeatingsustainablycaughtseafood,asoverfishingisthesecondgreatestthreattonearlyeverypenguinspeciestoday.Also,avoidusingsupplementsandotherproductsthatcontainkrillorkrilloil.【答案】Since2018,EmperorpenguinshavebeenlistedasNear-Threatenedbecausetheirpopulationtendstodeclineduetotheeffectsofglobalwarming.(要点1)Globalwarmingdecreasestheamountoftheiceformationintheirhabitats.Asaresult,thechicksareforcedintothecoldoceanbeforetheygrowstrongenough(要点2),andtheirfoodsourceisalsoinfluenced(要点3).Sopeopleshouldtakeactiontoprotectthem(要点4).【解析】【分析】第一段：moderatelyadv.适中的，中等；Emperorpenguin（皇）帝企鹅；Near-Threatened近危物种第二段：breedvi.生育，繁殖；Antarcticadj.南极的；iceshelf冰架；waterprooffeathers防水羽毛Manyofthechickshaven’tcompletelyfledged(长出飞羽)intotheirwaterprooffeathersbythetimetheicemeltsbacktotheirhabitats,andtheyareforcedintothecoldoceanwaters,wheretheydieofcoldexposureordrowning.[分析]该句是一个并列复合句，主干是由and连接的并列句；bythetime引导时间状语从句；where引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词thecoldoceanwaters；waters在文中指水域。[译文]许多小企鹅在冰融化到它们栖息地的时候还没有完全长出防水羽毛，它们被迫进入冰冷的海水中，在那里它们死于寒冷或溺水。第三段：definitelyadv.确切地；consequentlyadv.结果，因此第四段：organizationn.组织机构；ingeneral总的来说；supplementn.补给品【思路点拨】本文是说明文，主要讲述由于全球变暖导致皇帝企鹅面临生存危机，人们应该采取措施保护他们，保护大自然。【适当衔接，连句成文】自2018年以来，皇帝企鹅被列为近危物种，原因是全球气候变暖，其对皇帝企鹅的影响体现在两方面，分别是要点2和3，应在这两点之间增加表并列的关联词and,合并这两个要点；要点4和前面的内容有因果关系，故用so或者therefore连接，使得上下文连贯、紧凑。【点睛】本文的篇章结构为“总——分”，第一段简介文章主要内容，指出“全球气候变暖对皇帝企鹅的生存带来危害”，第二、三、四段为支持性内容和相关细节，分别从皇帝企鹅的栖息地和食物来源两方面介绍气候变化对他们的影响，第四段介绍在此影响下，人们应采取的措施。D（2021届苏州市高三11月调研）话题：蜂群中的不同类型蜜蜂的特点难度：★★★建议用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Beesareverystrangecreatures.Theyhavetheirownwayoftellingeachotherthattheyhavefoundanewflower.Theybringsomeofitsnectar(花蜜)backhomeandthendoalittledancethatshowswheretheflowerisandhowfarawayitis.Inautumntheworkerbeesgooutandcollectasmuchnectarandpollen(花粉)astheycancarry.Thentheyreturntomakehoneyandstoreitforthelongcoldwinter.Beesbuildtheirownhousesbuttheydonotalwayshaveroundtopslikepeopledrawtheminstorybooks.Theyareusuallyfivestoreyshigh.Thequeenbeealwayshasthebottomstorey.Inbetweenthebottomstoreyandalltheresttherearebarsonlyjustwideenoughfortheworkerstopassthrough.Thequeenbeecannevergouptotheotherfloorsbecausesheisbiggerthanalltheotherbees.Thestoreysthequeencan’tenterarewherethestoreroomsare.Thereareroomsforpollen,nectarandroyaljellies(蜂王浆).Ifthereisafiretheworkershavetocoverthewallsandentranceoftherooms.Theyhavetomovethehoneyandthenectarandpollenawayfromthehotwallsoftheroom.Thequeenistheonlythatcanlayeggs.Shemateswithamalebeecalledadrone.Oncethequeenhaslaidtheeggsshethrowsthedroneoutbecauseadronejustsitsaroundeatinghoneyandnectar.Hecannotgooutandcollectpollenbecausedronesdonothavepollen-carryingthingsontheirlegsliketheworkershave.Youngbeesarecallednursesbecausetheyhavetonursethenewbornbeeswhethertheylikeitornot.Whatabeeendsupbeingwhenitgrowsupdependsonwhatiteats.Ifitistobeaqueenitmustfeedonroyaljelliesanditmustnever,everseteyesonanotherqueen.Ifitdoestheymustfighttillonlyoneofthemisstillalive.【答案】Beesareweirdanimalsandhaveauniquewaytocommunicatewithoneanother.(要点1)Workerbeesworktirelesslytostorefood.(要点2)Unlikeworkerbees,therelaxingqueenbeetakesupthebottomstoreyofthefive-storeyhouse.(要点3)Sheevendesertsthedroneaftershefinishesusinghim.(要点4)Sameasworkerbees,youngbeesneedtoworktocarefornewbornbees,buttheycanonlyleavetheirfuturestowhattheyeat.(要点5)【解析】【分析】第一段：creaturen.生物Theybringsomeofitsnectar(花蜜)backhomeandthendoalittledancethatshowswheretheflowerisandhowfarawayitis.[分析]本句的主句有两个谓语动词，分别是bring和do；谓语动词do的宾语dance后面有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词dance，定语从句的谓语动词shows后面有两个宾语从句wherethefloweris与howfarawayitis。[译文]他们会把一些花蜜带回家然后跳一曲舞蹈说明哪里有花，离得有多远。第二段：store…for…为……储备……第二段：工蜂努力工作储存食物。第三段：passthrough通过；bottomadj.底部的workersn.工蜂，工蚁，由第一段中的workerbees可以得到提示第四段：sitaround无所事事地闲坐Hecannotgooutandcollectpollenbecausedronesdonothavepollen-carryingthingsontheirlegsliketheworkershave.[分析]本句的主句是Hecannotgooutandcollectpollen，because引导的原因状语从句中有一个like引导的方式状语从句。[译文]他不能外出采集花粉，因为不像工蜂，雄蜂的腿上没有可携带花粉的东西。第五段：newborn新生的；endupdoingsth.最终结果是……；growup长大；dependon取决于；feedonsth.以某物为食；seteyesonsth.注意盯着某物【思路点拨】[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蜜蜂家族生存习性、不同分工及蜂房布局。【适当衔接，连句成文】本文作者介绍了蜂群中的不同类型蜜蜂的特点，工蜂工作勤奋努力，蜂王靠着其权威过着轻松的生活，两者形成对比，所以用Unlike连接两个句子。第四段依然由蜂王引起雄蜂，所以用代词She代替queenbee，最后一段的幼蜂需要与工蜂一样努力工作，所以加Sameasworkerbees将二者联系起来。【点睛】本文的篇章结构为“总——分”。第一段内容为主题段，作者引入主题，对蜜蜂进行总括介绍；第二段介绍工蜂的职能；第三段介绍蜂王的住所；第四段介绍雄蜂；第五段介绍幼蜂的职责及命运。E阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。话题：介绍雪山调水工程难度：★★★建议用时：25分Australia’sgreatestengineeringaccomplishmenttodateistheSnowyMountainsHydro-ElectricScheme.Ittook25yearstobuildandwascompletedin1974atacostof$820million.Theaimsoftheschemeweretoproducelotsofelectricity,andtosupplywatertohouseholdsandforfarmingirrigation.TheschemeworksbycollectingrainandmeltingsnowfromtheSnowyMountainsandstoringitindams.Thisisthendiverted(转移)throughtunnels(隧道)andpipelinestopowerstationsthatproduceelectricity.ThewaterusedtoproducetheelectricitythenflowsintotheMurrayandMurrumbidgeeRivers.TheSnowyMountainsHydro-ElectricSchemeismadeupofsixteenlargedams;sevenmajorpowerstations;apumpingstation;and225kilometresoftunnelsandpipelines.Itcoversover5,000squarekilometresofsouthernNewSouthWales(NSW).Sevenregionaltownshipsandmorethan100temporarycampswereestablishedforthepeoplewhoworkedonthescheme.Whentheschemebeganin1949,Australiadidnotyethaveaworkforcewiththerequiredscientificandengineeringskillsneededtocompletetheproject.Manymigrantswithexperienceinskillslikesurveying,tunnellingandgeologywereemployedfromoverseas.HomelesspersonsfromEuropealsoworkedontheschemeontwo-yearcontractsaspartoftheirrequiredworkassignments.Thelargestgroupofworkerswereunassistedmigrantswhoweredrawntotheprojectbythehighwages.Morethan100,000peopleworkedontheprojectintotal.Seventypercentofthoseweremigrants.Workerscamefrommorethan30countries,includingGermany,Italy,AustriaandPoland.MostmigrantswerefromEuropebecausetheWhiteAustraliaPolicydiscouragedtheimmigrationofpeopleofnon-whiteornon-Europeanorigin.TunnellingintheSnowyMountainswasdangerousanddirtywork.Eventhoughtheworkerscamefromverydifferentethnic(种族的)backgroundsthatmayhavefoughtagainsteachotherinWorldWarIandWorldWarII,livingandworkinginthesedifficultconditionsbroughtthemtogether.ThiswasconsideredthebeginningofAustralia’smulticulturalism.【答案】TheSnowyMountainsHydro-ElectricSchemehasbeenthegreatestengineeringprojectinAustraliasofar.(要点1)Itconsistsofdams,powerstations,tunnelsandpipelines.(要点2)Duetolackofworkforce,Australiahadtoseekskilledlaborersfromoverseastoworkonit.(要点3)ThoseworkerslargelyfromEuropeanbackgroundsstucktogethertoaccomplishthissignificantprojectdespitethefactthattheywereenemiesduringWorldWarIandWorldWarII.(要点4)【解析】【分析】第一段：accomplishmentn.成就；schemen.计划；todate迄今为止；atacostof…以……的价格；supply…to…向……提供……；beusedtodosth.被用来做某事第二段：temporaryadj.临时的；bemadeupof由……组成；workonsth.从事于第三段：Whentheschemebeganin1949,Australiadidnotyethaveaworkforcewiththerequiredscientificandengineeringskillsneededtocompletetheproject.[分析]when引导时间状语从句，主句中的withtherequired…是介词短语作定语修饰workforce，介词短语的宾语skills后面跟一个省略了that/whichwere的定语从句。[译文]当这个项目于1949年启动的时候，澳大利亚还未拥有完成这项工程所需的必要科学和工程技能的劳动力。第四段：migrantn.移民；multiculturalismn.多元文化；intotal总共EventhoughtheworkerscamefromverydifferentethnicbackgroundsthatmayhavefoughtagainsteachotherinWorldWarIandWorldWarII,livingandworkinginthesedifficultconditionsbroughtthemtogether.[分析]eventhough引导让步状语从句，状语从句的宾语backgrounds后面跟有that引导的定语从句，主句的主语是动词-ing形式：livingandworking…。[译文]尽管这些工人有着不同的种族背景，他们可能还曾在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中相互厮杀，但在这些艰苦条件下生活和工作的经历将他们团结在了一起。【思路点拨】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍澳大利亚最大型水利工程项目——雪山调水工程。【适当衔接，连句成文】本文作者先由雪山水利工程的总体情况说起，之后逐项进行介绍。第二段说项目的组成部分，因第一段总结时用TheSnowyMountainsHydro-ElectricScheme作了主语，总结第二段时直接用It即可。第三段从国外引进劳动力的原因是缺乏技能型工人，所以用Dueto表示原因，句末的it依然说的是雪山水利工程，第四段总结时说的workers就是上文的skilledlaborers，所以用Those指代，避免重复。【点睛】本文的篇章结构为“总——分”。第一段总体介绍雪山调水工程；第二段介绍雪山调水工程的主要结构；第三段介绍雪山调水工程工人招募情况；第四段介绍不同种族人群齐心协力完成这一艰巨的水利工程项目。F（扬州中学2021届10月月考）话题：父母应该和孩子制定哪些手机使用的规则难度：★★★建议用时：5分阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Therearesomeimportantregulationsparentscantaketomakesuretheirkidsusecellphonesinasafeandresponsibleway.Whenkidsknowwhattheconsequencesarewhenrulesaren’tfollowed,thatmakeslifemorepredictableforthem.Mostkidsarenotpayingfortheircellphonesortheircellphoneplans,soifyoupaidforit,youownit,whichmeansyouhavetherighttotakeitawayanytimeiftheydisobeytherulesyousetupearlier.Afterakidhasacellphone,suddenlyparentsdiscoverdatarunsouthalfwaythroughthemonth.Thiscangetexpensiveandyourkidsneedtoknowhowtomonitortheiruse.Also,teencellphoneaddictionshouldbelimited.Generally,it’sagoodideatohavenocellphonepolicywhiletheyaredoinghomeworkandatbedtime.Cometoagreementinadvanceaboutwhattheyareandaren’tallowedtodownloadontheircellphone.Therearesomereallybadappsforkidsthatyoudon’twantontheirphones.Makesureyourkidsunderstandhowtosetuptheirprivacy.Talkwiththemaboutwhyguardingtheirprivacyissoimportant.Manyteenstrulyhavenoconceptabouteverythingthatacellphonecanshareaboutthemincludingpersonalinformationandtheirlocation.Youwanttocoverwhatisandisn’tappropriatetoshareviaacellphone.Thisdefinitelymeansphotosandlanguageusedinemailsandonsocialmedia.Butdon’tforgetsimplerthingslikeprovidingtheiraddress,theirageorwhatschooltheygotoonline.Lastly,therearetimesandplaceswhenusingone’scellphoneisnotappropriate.Inmovietheatersorduringclasstimeatschoolthephoneshouldbeonsilentandputaway.Additionally,whensomeoneishavingafacetofaceconversationwiththem,theyneedtobelookingattheperson,nottheirphone.【答案】Parentscanmakerulestoguidetheirkidstousecellphonessafelyandresponsibly.(要点1)First,parentsownthephone,sotheyhavetherighttodeterminehowitisused.(要点2)Besides,parentsshouldteachkidstousecellphoneswisely,avoidaddictionandpayattentiontodownloading.(要点3)Lastly,itisimportanttoprotectprivacyanddon’tsharethebasicpersonalinformationonthephone.Whenandwheretousecellphonesshouldalsobetold.(要点4)【解析】【分析】第一段：consequencen.结果，后果；predictableadj.可预言的Whenkidsknowwhattheconsequencesarewhenrulesaren’tfollowed,thatmakeslifemorepredictableforthem.[分析]本句为主从复合句，包含When引导的两个时间状语从句，主句为thatmakeslifemorepredictableforthem；whattheconsequencesare作know的宾语从句，whenrulesaren’tfollowed作whattheconsequencesare的时间状语从句。[译文]当孩子们知道不遵守规则会带来什么后果时，这会使他们的生活更加可预测。第二段：Mostkidsarenotpayingfortheircellphonesortheircellphoneplans,soifyoupaidforit,youownit,whichmeansyouhavetherighttotakeitawayanytimeiftheydisobeytherulesyousetupearlier.[分析]本句中Mostkidsarenotpaying...和so后面的句子构成并列句，so表示因果关系；第一个if引导条件状语从句，主句为youownit；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子；youhavetheright...rulesyousetupearlier是省略连接词that宾语从句，其中if引导条件状语从句，主句为youhavetherighttotakeitawayanytime。[译文]大多数孩子都不会为手机或手机套餐付费，因此，如果您为手机付费，则您拥有该手机，这意味着如果他们不遵守先前制定的规则，您有权随时将其取走。第三段：runout耗尽；monitorv.监控，监测；addictionn.上瘾，沉溺第四段：inadvance预先，提前第五段：privacyn.隐私，秘密；conceptn.观念，概念Manyteenstrulyhavenoconceptabouteverythingthatacellphonecanshareaboutthemincludingpersonalinformationandtheirlocation.[分析]本句是主从复合句，包含that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词everything；including是介词，介词短语includingpersonalinformationandtheirlocation修饰them。[译文]对于手机可以共享的所有内容，包括个人信息和位置，许多青少年确实对此一无所知。第六段：appropriateadj.适当的；viaprep.通过，凭借；definitelyadv.清楚地，当然第七段：putaway放好，储存；additionallyadv.此外，另外【思路点拨】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述为确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机，父母如何与青少年建立手机使用规则。【适当衔接，连句成文】本文是“总——分”结构，叙述父母从哪几个方面与孩子建立手机使用规则，各观点之间是并列递进关系，因此可以在各观点之间增加表递进的关联词first，besides，lastly以及also，使得上下文衔接连贯。【点睛】本文的篇章结构为“总——分”，第一段内容为主题段，指出“父母可以采取一些重要规则，以确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机”，第二、三、四、五、六、七段为支持性内容，从不同方面具体说明了父母应该和孩子制定哪些手机使用的重要规则。G(华师一2021届高三10月月考试题)话题：二手教科书回收者难度：★★★建议用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Collegestudentsneedtextbookstohelpthemlearnandearnanacademicdegree.However,ontopoftuition,roomandboardandmeals,whyaretextbookssoexpensive?Textbookscovermanyareasofknowledge.Theyarepreparedspecificallywithalotofinformationthatincludemanyoriginalpictures,specialcharts,andspecificdata.Textbooksareextremelyusefultostudentsforlearningandprofitableforthecompaniesthatpublishthem.Whiletextbookscanbea