热点05 疫苗的作用及其研发等

备战2021年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练

热点05疫苗的作用及其研发等一、阅读理解1Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtocreateandtestvaccines（疫苗）tohelpprotectpeopleagainstthenovelcoronavirus（新冠病毒）.Theyaremakingprogress,butitwillbequiteawhilebeforeanyvaccinesareready.Therearemanydifferentwaystomakevaccines.Atleast115differentvaccinesforthenovelcoronavirusarebeingdevelopedaroundtheworldrightnow.Manyofthemmaynotworkormayhavesideeffectsthatcanbedangerous.Thatiswhytestingisveryimportant.Beforeavaccineisevertestedonhumans,it'sfirsttestedonanimalstomakesureitseemssafe.Testingthevaccineonhumansisdoneinseveraldifferentphases（阶段）.InPhase1,asmallgroupofpeoplearegivensmallamountsofthevaccinetoseeifithasanybadeffects.Phase2stillteststhevaccine’ssafety,butseeifthevaccineseemstowork,IfPhase2goeswell,thevaccinecanbeginPhase3.DuringPhase3,thevaccineistriedonamuchlargergroupofpeopletoseehowwellitworks.Becauseoftheseriousandworldwideimpact（影响）ofthenovelcoronavirus,thereishugepressuretodevelopaworkingvaccinequickly.Itnormallytakessevenormoreyearstodevelopasafevaccinethatworkswell.Nowdrugcompaniesarehopingtocreateworkingvaccinesin12or18months.Buthealthexpertsalsowarnthatrushingtoomuchcouldbedangerous.Avaccinewithharmfuleffectscouldcausemoreproblemsthanitsolves.Accordingtothepassage,thescientistswhoaremakingvaccinesare.hard-workingandcarefulB.patientandeasy-goingC.kindandcuriousD.caringandbraveHowlongdoesittaketocreateworkingvaccinesintheusualway?Lessthansixyears.B.Morethantenyears.C.Twelvetoeighteenmonths.D.Aboutsevenyears.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?Thereareonlythreephasesintestingvaccines.Workingvaccinesmustbecreatedinashorttime.Vaccineshavealreadybeendeveloped.Rushingtooquicklyincreatingvaccinesmaybringmoreproblems.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?RushforaVaccineB.FightagainsttheDiseaseC.ProtectPeopleagainsttheVirusD.CreateWorkingVaccines2Itisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyouwakeup,youfeelthatyourthroathurts.Youbegintosneezeandlateryoumaycough.Youmusthaveacold!Waitamoment.Coulditjustbeacommoncoldortheflu（流感）that’sbeengoingaround?Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandcough.Butit’susuallyeasytodealwith.Sometakemedicinewhileothersdrinkherbalteaorchickensoup.Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.Ontheotherhand,theflucanbemuchmoredangerous.Itusuallygivesyoufever.Sometimesitcancausedeath.AccordingtoanAmericanmagazine,theworstflukilledabout50millionpeoplefrom1918to1919.Don’tworry.Ifyougetafluvaccine（疫苗），itcanstopyoufromgettingthevirus.Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodyasmallnumberoffluviruses.Thiscausesyourbodytodevelopantibodies（抗体）.Sonexttimeyougettheflu，theantibodiesshouldhelpyou.Thefluviruschangeseveryfewyears.Therefore,therearesomanytypesofflu,suchasHINIandH5Nl.Theantibodiesforonetypeofflucan’thelpusagainstalltypesofflu.Thafswhyweneedtogetthevaccineeveryyear.However,goodhealthhabitsmayalsohelpstopyoudevelopingacoldorflu.Washingyourhandsoftenhelpsstopyoufromgettingviruses.Itisalsoimportanttogetregularexerciseandeathealthyfood.Allthesecanhelpyoustrengthenyourimmunesystem（增强免疫系统）.Ifyouhaveacommoncold,usuallyyou’llfeelbetterafter.aweekB.twoweeksC.tendaysD.twentydaysAccordingtothepassage,whichisTrueoftheflu?Itfirsthappenedinl919.Itusuallydoesn’tgiveyoufever.Itiseasytodealwith.Itcankillpeoplesometimes.Weneedtogetafluvaccineeveryyearbecause.weprobablyhaveacoldinwinterthefluviruschangeseveryfewyearsthefluisverydangerousyoudon’tneedtotakeanymedicineafterthatThefollowingwayscanhelpstopthefluEXCEPT.stayingindoorsgettingregularexerciseeatinghealthyfoodwashingourhandsoften3SincetheoutbreakofthenovelcoronavirusbeganinWuhaninDec2019,Chinahasmobilized（调动）thepowerofthewholecountry.Now,epidemic疫情）controlandpreventioneffortsarestartingtotakeeffect.AccordingtoakeymeetingheldonFeb21,thespreadoftheepidemicisbeingcontained.OnFeb24,mainlandareasoutsideofHubeireportedninenewinfections（感染）,thefirstsingle—digit（个位数）increaseinweeks,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission.Vaccine（疫苗）developmentisalsoprogressing.Somevaccineshavebeentestedonanimals,accordingtotheMinistryofScienceandTechnology.“Ifvaccinedevelopmentiscomparedtobuildingahouse,wehavelaidthefoundation（地基）andthebuildingisstartingtoemerge（出现）fromtheground,”ZengYixin,deputydirectoroftheNationalHealthCommission,saidtoChinaDaily.However,theturningpointoftheepidemicisyettocome.Aftermillionsofpeoplereturntoworkinmajorcities,thenumberofnewinfectionsshouldbekeptlowfortwoweeks.ThisisexpectedtobeaturningpointinChina,accordingtotheShanghaiInstitutesforInternationalStudies.ButthesituationinHubeiisstillserious.ThesituationoutsideofChinaisconcerning.Asof4pmonFeb27,thetotalnumberofconfirmed（确诊）infectionsinSouthKoreahadrisento1,766,Xinhuareported.Italyhadreported470confirmedcasesasofFeb26,aswellas12deaths.Singapore,JapanandIranhavealsofoundcases.“Thewindowofopportunity（thebesttimetocontaintheoutbreak）maybeclosing,”saidWHODirector—GeneralTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesus.Hecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactquicklytocontroltheepidemicbeforethewindowclosescompletely.HowmanynewinfectionswerereportedinmainlandareasoutsideofHubeionFeb24?0B.9C.12D.470Whatisthelatestnewsaboutvaccinedevelopment,accordingtothepassage?Aspecialhospitalisbeingbuilttodevelopvaccines.Someofthevaccineshavestartedtotakeeffect.Scientistsstillneedtofigureouthowvaccineswork.Scientistshavestartedtotestsomevaccinesonanimals.Theunderlinedphrases“yettdnctheefthparagraphmeans.A.已经到来B.即将到来C.尚未到来D.不会到来Thelasttwoparagraphstellusthat..AfricancountriesarenotaffectedbytheepidemicwehavemissedthebesttimetocontroltheepidemicthevirusappearstobemoredangerousoutsideofChinaimmediateactionisneededgloballytocontroltheepidemicWhatcanweinferfromthestory?Chinaisnolongerthecenteroftheepidemic.TheturningpointinHubeiwillcomeintwoweeks.Itisstillnottimeforustolowerourguard.Newhospitalswillbebuiltinothercountries.3ThreeCOVID-19vaccines（疫苗）haveenteredphaseIIclinicaltrials（临床试验）inBeijing,saidahealthofficialonSunday.XuQiang,headoftheBeijingMunicipalScienceandTechnologyCommission,saidthatBeijinghasarranged21scienceandtechnologyprojectsinresponsetothenovelcoronavirusepidemic.Fiveinnovativedrugshavebeenapproved（批准）forclinicaltrials,andallofthemhaveenteredphaseIIclinicalstudies,hesaidataroutinepressconferenceonCOVID-19preventionandcontrol.ShanghaischoolsShanghai’spublickindergartenswillreopenonJune2,alsofirst,secondandthird-gradersofelementaryschoolsinthecitywillreturntoschoolonthesamedayastheepidemicwanes.Thejuniorstudentscanchoosetocontinuetheironlineeducationathomeifnecessary,whichwilllasttilltheendofthissemester.FromJune2,privatekindergartensinShanghaicandecidetheirowntimetoresumeclassesaftergettingapproval.OnlinelearningChinesehighschoolstudentshavethemostpositiveattitudetowardonlinelearningcomparedwiththoseintheUnitedStates,JapanandtheRepublicofKorea,areportreleasedbyChinaYouthDailyhasfound.Thereportshowedthatmostofthesurveyedstudentsinthefourcountriesembraceonlinelearning.Atotalof87.1percentofChinesestudentssaid“onlinelearningisimportant,”while91.2percentfound“onlinelearningisinteresting,”higherthanthatofanyoftheotherthreecountries.Morethan94percentofChinesehighschoolstudentsbelieveonlinelearningcanexpand（扩大）theirscopeofknowledge,while86.8percentbelievetheycanlearnfromfirst-classteachersviatheInternet,accordingtothereport.Choosethebestsubheading（小标题）toputintheblank.A.VirusvaccinesB.PressconferenceC.ClinicalstudiesD.COVID-19Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wane”mean?A.killB.appearC.becomeweakerD.destroyWhichsentenceiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?Thejuniorstudentshavenochoicebuttoreturntoschool.5COVID-19drugshaveenteredphaseIIclinicalstudies.Chineseprimaryschoolstudentshaveapositiveattitudetowardsonlinelearning.Morethan90percentofChinesestudentssaidonlinelearningisimportant.Whatcanyouinferaccordingtothepassage?TheonlinecoursesinShanghaiwillnotenduntiltheendofthisterm.Chinesehighschoolstudentsdon'tlikeonlinelearning.ChinahasnotachievedanysuccessinthedevelopmentofCOVID-19vaccine.StudentsinprivatekindergartensinShanghaimayreturntoschoolinJune.Sometimesvaccines（疫苗）donotprovidelifetimeimmunity（免疫）.Someareonlyeffective（有效）foralimitedamountoftime.Insuchcases,shotsarenecessarytomaintaincontinuousvaccineprotection.Theseshotsaregivenatregulartime.Onevaccine,theflu（流感）vaccine,mustbegiveneveryyear.Thisisbecausetherearemanykindsoftheflu.Avaccinegiveninoneyearmayprovideprotectionagainstcertainkindsofthefluvirus,butwhenthenextyear’sflusestarts,vaccinationagainstnewerordifferentkindsmayberequired.Furthermore,fluvaccinesdonotprovideprotectionforalifetime.Afteraslittleasoneyear，protectionmaybefarlessthanenough.Accordingtothepassage,ifyouhaveafluvaccine,youwillbeprotectedfromflu.A.forayearB.foreveryyearC.inthewholelifeD.fortwoyearsThereasonwhyoneneedstohavevaccineforflueveryyearisthat.A.flucannotbecuredB.flucanneverdieC.fluwouldchangeeveryyearD.fluneverchangeWhenthefluseasonstarts,newareneeded.A.patientsB.virusesC.doctorsD.vaccinesAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUE?Onemusthavefluvaccine.orhewilldie.Fluvaccinescannotprotectapersonforthewholelife.Vaccinesneverreallyprotectpeople.Childrenshouldnotbegivenvaccines.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?AVaccine.LifetimeImmunity.VaccineCanProtectYouHowtoDealwithFluVaccineHelps,butNotLifetimeImmunity5"Ispentmywholelifedoingonething",GuFangzhouoncesaid.Knownas"thefatherofsugarpills（糖丸）",Gupassedawayatage92onJanuary2,2019.Eightmonthslater,hereceivedanationalhonorary-title（荣誉称号）"thePeople'sScientist"forhispolio（脊髓灰质炎）research.GuFangzhou,afamousmedicalscientist,wasborninJune.1926.Gu'sfamilyfacedadifficulttimewiththesuddendeathofhisfather.HestudiedhardandfinallyenteredPekingUniversityasamedicalstudentin1944.Aftergraduation,Gumadethedecisiontoworktohelpimprovepublichealth.In1955,poliobrokeoutinNantong.JiangsuProvince.Itparalyzed（使瘫痪）1.680people,mostlychildrenagedbelowseven.Itspreadtoneighboringareasandresultedin466deaths.Guwasaskedtoleadpolioresearchin1957."Atthattimetheonlywaytopreventpoliowastoinventavaccine疫苗），"saidGu.In1959Gusucceededindevelopingthefirstpoliolivevaccine.Later,hedevelopedthe"sugar-coatedpill"vaccineintheearly1960s.Itnotonlytastedbetterbutwasmoreaffordableandeasiertokeep.Inordertotestthevaccine,Guhimselftriedthevaccineandlaterhisone-month-oldsonwasvaccinated.Thisinspiredhisteamtovaccinatetheirkids.TheybecamethefirstgroupofpeopleinChinatotryapoliovaccine."Ifwedon'tbelieveinwhatweproduce,howcanothersbelieveinit?"saidGu.Gradually,thesugar-coatedpoliovaccinewasmadeavailableinChina.Itsavedmillionsofpeople,especiallykids,frombeingdisabled.In2000,theWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）announcedthatChinawasalreadyapolio-freecountry."Wefeelsatisfied.IcantellpeoplethatItriedmybest,andyourkidswillnolongergetpolio,”saidGu.“That'sallwehopedfor."Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?GuFangzhoulosthisfather.GuFangzhouwenttouniversity.GuFangzhoubecame"thePeople’sScientist".GuFangzhoudevelopedthesugar一coatedpoliovaccine.A.①②④③B.②①③④C.②③①④D.③①②④Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus.howGuFangzhou’sresearchwasdonewhyGuFangzhoucarriedouthisresearchwhatdifferenceGuFangzhou'sresearchmadewhatdifficultiesGuFangzhoufacedwhiledoinghisresearchWhowasthefirstpersontotrythepoliovaccineinChina?A.GuFangzhou’sson.B.GuFangzhou’spartner.D.GuFangzhouhimself.C.GuD.GuFangzhouhimself.Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto.givefactsaboutthepoliovaccineintroduceagreatmedicalscientistreportanimportantmedicalinventiondescribethehardworkofpreventingpolio二、完型填空Coldweather,centralheating,andfallingleavesallthesethingsmean27fluseasonhasarrived.28youshouldn'ttakeflulightly.FluseasoncomeseveryyearfromOctober29April.Thisyearhasbeenespeciallybad,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（美国疾病防控中心CDC）.Thefluis30illnesscausedbytheinfluenzavirus.Itisdifferentfromthecommoncoldinthatitcanstrikesuddenlyanditismuch31.Theflucan32seriousdehydration（脱水）andliver（肝脏）damage,bothofwhichcankillpeople.33isespeciallydangerousforchildrenandelderlypeopletohaveflu,sincetheyhave34immune（免疫）system.In2018,142childrenintheUS35thefluduringthisfluseason,accordingtoCDC.ThesedeathsarenotlimitedtotheUSA.InChina,manypeoplediefromtheflueachyear36.AnelderlymaninBeijingdiedfromthefluthisseason,37ledtoawidediscussiononline.Theman'sfamilydidn'tknowhowseriousthefluwas,justlikemany38whodon'tunderstandthefluverywell.Whatcanyoudotokeepthefluaway?Hygieneisimportant---takeashowereverydayandwashyourhandsoften.Donotspendtimearoundpeople39havetheflu.Andifyoucan,getafluvaccinethisisatypeofspecialmedicinethatcanhelppreventtheflu.Allofthesethingscankeepyou40duringfluseason.Ifyouarestickwiththeflu,stayhome41spreadingittoothers.27.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whose28.A.ButB.AndC.OrD.However29.A.inB.toC.atD.on30.A.theB./C.aD.an31.A.seriousB.seriouslyC.moreseriouslyD.moreserious32.A.causeB.causedC.havecausedD.hadcaused33.A.ThisB.ItC.WhichD.That34.A.weakB.moreweakC.weakerD.weakest35.A.dieofB.diedfromC.diedofD.haddiedfrom36.A.aswellB.alsoC.tooD.either37.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.why38.A.anotherB.othersC.theothersD.theother39.A.whenB.wh