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虚拟现实英文版虚拟现实英文版1

Virtualrealitytechnology

Virtualrealitytechnology2ThemaincontentIOverviewIIVRhardwareandinteractiondevicesIIIVirtualRealityandGISnetworkIVVirtualrealitytechnologydevelopsVvirtualenvironmentmodelingandtoolsVIdevelopmentexample:VirtualCampusXianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVIIProspectsandProblemsAppendix:References

ThemaincontentIOvervi3IOutline

Virtualrealityisthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyishighlycrystallineandisreflectedinthevariousfieldsintheapplicationprocess,includingnotonlygraphics,imageprocessing,patternrecognition,networktechnology,parallelprocessingtechnology,artificialintelligenceandotherhigh-performancecomputingtechnology,butalsoinvolvesmathematics,physics,communications,andevenrelatedtometeorology,geography,aesthetics,psychologyandsociology.IOutline

Virtualrealityi4I-IWhatisvirtualreality

Virtualrealityorvirtualenvironmentisgeneratedbyacomputerhavingspotfeelingenvironment,itisanewinteractivesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyisessentiallyahighlyrealisticsimulationofhumanvisioninreallife.Hearing.Actionandotheractsofinteractivetechnology.Traditionalinformationprocessingenvironmenthasbeena"peopleadaptcomputer,"whiletoday'sgoalorideaistograduallymake"computeradaptation"andpeoplecalledfortheadoptionofsight,hearing,touch,smell,andbody,gestureorpassword,toparticipateintheinformationenvironmentaltreatedtotherebyobtainanimmersiveexperience.Thisinformationprocessingsystemisnolongerbasedontheone-dimensionaldigitalspace,butonamultidimensionalinformationspace.Virtualrealitytechnologyisakeytechnologytosupportthismulti-dimensionalinformationspace.I-IWhatisvirtualreality

Vi5I-IIVirtualRealityFeaturs

ImmersionInteractionImaginationI-IIVirtualRealityFeaturs

I6Immersion

vAnartificialcomputergeneratedvirtualenvironment,thisvirtualenvironmentisathree-dimensionaldigitalmodelsconstructedbycomputergraphics,programmedintoacomputertoproducerealistic"virtualenvironment",allowinguserstogenerateanimmersivevirtualenvironmentvisuallythefeeling,whichisasenseofvirtualrealitytechnologyimmersion(Immersion)orspotasenseofparticipationImmersionvAnartificialcompu7InteractionModelandthetraditionalthree-dimensionalanimationandvirtualrealityareusuallygeneratedbyCADsystemsisnotthesame,itisnotastaticworld,butanopen,interactive,virtualrealityenvironmentcaninfluencebycontrollingandmonitoringdevicesorusersEffects,whichisthesecondfeatureVR,eraction(Interaction).InteractionModelandthetradi8ImaginationVirtualrealityisnotjustademonstrationofmedia,butalsoadesigntool.Itreflectsthevisualformdesignerideas,suchaswhenthefrontcoverofamodernbuilding,thefirstthingyoudoisforthebuilding'sstructure,beautifulideatododetailed,inordertomakequantitative,youneedtomanydesigndrawings,ofcourse,thesedrawingsonlyinsidersunderstand,virtualrealitycanputthisideaintoavisiblevirtualobjectsandenvironments,sothatinthepastonlywithtraditionalsandtabledesignpatternsupgradetodigital-per-viewincomethatisperfection,greatlyimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofthedesignandplanning.ThisisthethirdcategoryofVRhasfeaturesthatimagination(Imagination).ImaginationVirtualrealityis9I-IIIVirtualRealityclassificaion

DesktopVirtualRealityImmersivevirtualrealityAugmentedRealityofVirtualRealityDistributedVirtualRealityI-IIIVirtualRealityclassifi10I-IVThedifferencebetweenvirtualrealityandthree-dimensionalanimation

VirtualRealityThree-dimensionalanimation

Acombinationofdigitalvirtualenvironmentmodelbasedonrealdatafromstrictcompliancewiththestandardsandrequirementsoftheprojectdesign,ascientificsimulationsystems.?Manipulatorexperiencethevirtualthree-dimensionalspace,immersive.Ofscenespainteddirectlybytheanimatorsmadeaccordingtothematerialorimaginedtogether,andrealenvironmentsanddatahaveabiggap,belongingtodemonstrateclassworksofart.?Presupposedobservationpathcannotbechanged.

Theoperatorcanfeelthemovementtobringreal-timescenechanges,walkingscene,andpersonallyarrangedthescene,withtwo-wayinteractivefeatures.

Onlyone-waypresentationsasmoviescenechange,makingthescreenrequirespriorgeneration,time-consuming,laboriousandcostly.I-IVThedifferencebetweenv11

VirtualRealityThree-dimensionalanimationSupportsstereoscopicdisplayand3Dstereo,three-dimensionalreality.DoesnotsupportNotimelimit,canshowatrueanddetailed,andyoucanexportfilesinvirtualrealityanimatedvideobasedonthesamedatacanbeusedfortheproductionofmulti-modebodyandpublicity,cost-effective.Animationbythetimelimit,cannotbedetaileddisplay,lowprice.

Inreal-timethree-dimensionalenvironment,adjustmentsupportprograms,assessment,management,informationinquiryandotherfunctions,suitableforlargercomplexprojectplanning,design,bidding,approval,managementandotherneeds,butalsohasamorerealisticandintuitivemultimediapresentationcapabilities.Onlysuitableforsimplepresentationcapabilities.Supportsstereoscop12I-VVirtualrealitytechnologyused

intherealworld

Manygamemakers,inordertomakethegamemorerealisticcharactermovements,oftenwillusethemotioncapturesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyuseinthefilm.

Example:MatrixDisplayofgoods(suchashome,appliances,etc.)I-VVirtualrealitytechnology13IIVRhardwareandinteractiondevices

Atypicalsystemconsistsofvirtualrealityspacedataacquisitionsystem,thehumandatacapturesystems,three-dimensionaldisplaydevice,aswellasthree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentandacomputersystem.Spatialdataacquisitionsystem,humandatacapturesysteminavirtualenvironmenttoestablishspacemodel;3Ddisplaydevice,athree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentbelongtothesamethree-dimensionalinteractiveequipment,designandmanufactureof3Dinteractivedevicesuperiorperformanceisthekeytovirtualrealitytechnology.SpatialDataAcquisitionSystemHumandatacapturesystemComputerSystems

SupergraphicsworkstationsThree-dimensionalcontrolequipment3DdisplaydeviceCollectionAlternatelyIIVRhardwareandinteracti14SpatialDataAcquisitionSystemSpatialdataacquisitionsystemtoobtaintimelyspatialdatathroughsatelliteremotesensing,aerialremotesensingandglobalpositioningsystems,andestablishinganaccurateandreliablevirtualrealityspaceenvironment.Remotesensingisanadvantageoftheinherentcharacteristicsofelectromagneticradiationreflectedfromanobjectandthroughimplementationofelectromagneticwaves,therearetechnicalenvironmentalconditionsandobjectrecognitionobject.SpatialDataAcquisitionSyste15HumandatacapturesystemHumandatacapturedevicethatcanrecordthebodyofpracticaldataandactions,includingthebodymovements,facialexpressions,physiologicalindex,smellandvoice.HumandatacapturesystemHuman16Interactive3DEquipmentCommon3Ddisplaydeviceandstereoscopichelmetmounteddisplayglasses.Helmetmounteddisplaywiththree-dimensionaldrawingtechniquestoproducetwospacedapartperspective,anddirectlydisplayedtotheusercorrespondstotheleftandtherighteyeontwomonitors.Thenewhelmet-mounteddisplaysareaccompaniedbymagneticpositionsensor,canmeasurethedirectionoftheuser'slineofsight,sothescenecanchangeastheuser'slineofsightandmaketheappropriatechanges.Interactive3DEquipmentCommon17

Interactive3D

EquipmentAcommonfeatureofthethree-dimensionalspacecontroldeviceiscapableofcontrollingatleastsixdegreesoffreedom(DegreeofFreedom),correspondingtothethree-dimensionalobjectdescribingthewidth,height,depth,pitch(pitch)angle,rotation(yaw)angleandyaw(roll)angle.Commonthree-dimensionalcontroldevicehasdatagloves,trackball,three-dimensionalprobe,three-dimensionalandthree-dimensionalmousecontrolleverandthelike.Theemergenceofthedataglove,virtualrealitysystemprovidesanewinteractivetoolthatcanprovideuserswithaveryrealandnaturalthree-dimensionalinteractivetools.Interactive3D

Equipment18High-performancecomputersystemsHigh-performancecomputersystemprocessingtechnologyincludesdataconversionanddatapreprocessingtechnologies;real-time,realisticgraphicsimagegenerationanddisplaytechnology;multidimensionalinformationdatafusion,datacompression,andgeneratethedatabase;multiplesoundsynthesisandsoundspacetechnology;includingcommandrecognition,voicerecognition,anddetectgesturesandfacialexpressionsofinformation,includingapatternrecognition;distributedandparallelcomputing,andhigh-speed,large-scaleremotenetworktechnology.High-performancecomputersyst19IIIVirtualrealityandnetworks,GIS

Virtualrealitytechnologynowcombinesthelatestresearchresultsinvariousdisciplines,includingtheresultsofcomputerscience,communicationnetworktechnology,geographicinformationsystems,remotesensingscienceandotherareas.Themaincontentsofthissection:VirtualGISNetworkVirtualGISDistributedGISGeographicalsynergyIIIVirtualrealityandnet20III-IVirtualGIS

Developmentofcomputerscienceandhuman-computerinterfacetechnologyingraphics,especiallythepromotionofvirtualrealitytechnologyforGISprovidesanewanalysisgeosciencedataandtechnologyplatformtoexploreissues,andpromotetheGIStechnologywithvirtualrealitytechnologyandvisualizationfusiontechnology,expandingthemulti-dimensionalGIS,three-dimensionalGISinparticularconnotationstudyprovidesnewspatialdataanalysismodelsandnewGISapplicationmode.CurrentinternationalcallthisvirtualrealitytechnologyandscientificvisualizationtechnologydesignedmultidimensionalGISsystemcalledVirtualGISsystem"VirtualGIS(VGIS)".III-IVirtualGIS

Develop21III-IINetworkVirtualGISpresentationCombinedwiththecurrentdirectionofthevirtualnetworkisaGISdevelopment.Combinedwithnetworktechnology,networkvirtualGISnotonlyforpeopletoanalyzespatialdataandspatialproblemsolvingnetworkprovidedbythetechnologyplatform,through"immersive"virtualrealitymodelforpeopletointeractthroughvirtualgeospatialoffersthepossibility,therebyforthestudyofvirtualgeographicalenvironmentprovidesanidealplatform.III-IINetworkVirtualGIS22NetworkVirtualGISarchitecture1.AGISisavirtualnetwork-basedGIS,virtualrealitysystemwiththeGISClient-linkingprovidesasimplespatialanalysisortoanalyzetheresultsofGISintovirtualrealitysystemtosupportvirtualrealitysystemdataformat,forvirtualrealitysystemstoobserve;2.AnothervirtualGISisbasedonadistributedvirtualrealitysystem,extendtheabilitytosupportspatialdatatypesinavirtualrealitysystem,providingsimplespatialanalysis.NetworkVirtualGISarchitectu23

TheoverallstructureofWEBvirtualGIS

TheoverallstructureofWEB24III-III

GISsystemarchitecture'sroleinthenetworkvirtual3.3CORBACORBAisoneofthemainstreamcomputingplatformfordistributedobjects,CORBAplatformtobecomewidelyacceptedbythecomputerindustry,andisfullyopentothedistributednetworkplatform.CORBAisadistributedobject-baseddesignhavingscalability,security,loadbalancingandfaulttolerance,real-time,specialperformancerequirementsforthedesignofdistributedsystemsprovidearationalplatform.

CORBA-basednetworkplatformtodesignvirtualGIS,byreusingtheCORBAnetworkstructureandbasicnetworkservicesgreatlysimplifyvirtualdifficultyGISnetworkarchitecturedesignbasedonvirtualGISCORBAallowsthenetworktousemoreflexiblenetworkarchitecture.III-IIIGISsystemarchite25CORBA-basednamingservicenetworkVGISsystemimageconceptmap-NetworkVirtualGISclientApplicationServerNameManagementApplicationserver1Applicationserver2ApplicationservernAnalysisServerNameManagementSpatialAnalysisServices1SpatialAnalysisServices2Spatialanalysisservicesn……CORBA-basednamingservicenet26III-IVVGEandgeographicsynergiesVirtualGeographicEnvironments,isanavatar-basedmulti-userdistributedintelligentthree-dimensionalvirtualenvironment,adigitalgeo-spatialphenomenaandlawsofaparticulargeographicalenvironmentwithmulti-channel-awareexpression,calculationandsimulation,integratedmanagementoftheEarthcanbeusedformulti-dimensionalinformationandmultimediaintegratedpublishing,interactive/innovativeblendofstyleearthscienceresearch,andotherdistributedcollaborativeplanning,designanddecision-making.III-IVVGEandgeographic27UseravatarInthevirtualgeographicenvironments,bothuseravatarcancommunicatefacetofaceinthesamevirtuallocation.Theincarnationasanexpressionofrealusers,anditssourcecancontainvisual,auditoryandeventasteavarietyofinformationsources,etc.,sothattheuserhasasenseofimmersioncanbeimmersivefeelitselfisavirtualgeographicenvironmentspart.Seeingandhearingotherinformationsourcesmaybeco-workerstocommunicatewhattherealattitudesandemotions,isanimportantpartofcommunicationbetweenco-workersinvirtualgeographicenvironments,andanalysisofgeographicdatainplanninganddecision-makingalsoplaysaveryimportanteffect.UseravatarInthevirtualgeog28ACModeForvirtualgeographicenvironmentisnotonlyarealgeographicalbackground,butalsotoprovideareliableplatformfortheexchangeofinformationco-workersare.Tothisend,weneedmoreresearchonhowtoimprovecommunicationmodesbetweenpeopleandenhancevariousexchangesavatarinvirtualgeographicenvironmentsbetween.Currently,inaccordancewiththetimelinessoftheexchangeofclassified----

Non-real-timecommunication:e-mailandbulletinboard

Instantcommunication:interactive,real-time,includingthetraditionaltwo-dimensionalscenes,three-dimensionalscene,streamingmediatechnologyandintegrationmode.ACModeForvirtualgeographic29IV

ThemaindevelopmentofvirtualrealitytechnologyVRMLXMLX3DJava3DVRMLXML地理实体X3DJAVA3DInthevirtualrealitytechnology,VRML/GeoVRML,XML,X3D,GMLandJava3Dtechnologystrengthscomplementeachother,theuseofgraphicalmodelingcapabilitiesVRML,XMLinternationalization,structured,modularfeaturesandpowerfulJavanetworkprogramminglanguage,togetherformapowerfulvirtualrealityenvironments.IVThemaindevelopmentof30IV-IVRMLIn1994,thefirstsessionoftheInternationalInternetConferenceinGeneva,Switzerland,proposedtocreateathree-dimensionalnetworkinterfacetofacilitatenetworktransmissionVRML.In1995,VRML1.0versionlaunched.In1996,basedonthe1.0versionofthemajorimprovementsintroducedinversion2.0,whichaddsinteractivescenarios,multimediasupport,collisiondetection.In1997,afteranassessmentstandardsorganizations,VRML2.0becometheinternationalstandard,andrenamedtheVRML97.IV-IVRMLIn1994,thefi31VRMLsimpleexamplesphere.wrl

#VRMLV2.0utf8

Shape{

#Definenodecontainstwoproperties

appearanceAppearance{#Appearanceproperties

materialMaterial{#material，emissiveColor100}

#Reflectivematerial

}

geometrySphere{#Geometricproperties

radius1

}

}VRMLsimpleexamplesphere.wrl

32IV-II

XML

XMLfullnameinEnglishisExtensibleMarkupLanguage,theChinesetranslationforextensiblemarkuplanguage.ItisanexchangestandardbytheW3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)thepromotionofstructuredinformation,andhasbeenwidelyused.VRMLadoptXMLastheencodingofthemainreasonsisbecausewiththeinternationalnatureofXML,structuredformatandmodularobjectsandotheradvantages.HasbeenclearlyestablishedbytheimplementationoftheXMLspecification,X3DXML-syntaxiseasytobeimplementedwithouttheneedforahugereverseengineering(reverseengineering).IV-IIXMLXMLfullname33XMLandGISWhatroledoesXMLplayinGISapplications?WecanuseXMLtodefineaquery,infactthetraditionalGISqueryisnodifferent,forexample,cansay,"accordingtoauser-specifiedareafloodedanalysis,andreturnstheresult",theresponsemessagemaybebasedonthe"resultsoftheanalysisinXMLformatthefollowinggraphic."Thedifferenceliesinthetraditionalway,geographicaldataandrequestsunifiedXMLqueriesincludedinaseparateXMLdocument,aresponsemessagealsoXMLdocuments.XMLsupportforcustomtags,providesapowerfulextensionmechanism,whichinevitablymanyuniquemarkappearsGISindustry.XMLandGISWhatroledoesXML34XML与GISOpenGISConsortium(OGC)launchedatimelyGISXMLtagsetGML(GeographyMarkupLanguage),anXMLapplicationinGISprovidesagoodwayofstandardization,theindustryhasbeensupportedbymanycompanies.TheuseofXML,wecanachievemanyGIStasks----Browseandgenerateimages,suchasSVG,VMLandX3Dformats;Dataconversioncanbeperformed,suchasXSLT,Schemacanbeconfigured,suchasDTD,XMLSchemaandthelike;Youcanquerydata,suchasXpointerandXQL,etc.,itcanalsoberunondifferentplatforms,suchasPDA.XML与GISOpenGISConsortium(OGC35IV-III

X3D

X3DfullnameisExtensible3D(X3DearlynameiscalledVRML-NG,VRMLNextGeneration).Itisascalablenext-generation3Dgraphicsstandard,andextendedVRML97features.TheoriginofthenameistheintegrationofX3DXML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage)andVRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage).X3DisVRMLsuccessor.VRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage-VirtualRealityModelingLanguage)istheoriginalnetwork3DgraphicsISOstandard(ISO/IEC14772).IV-IIIX3DX3Dfullname36X3Dgoal1.IncludeVRML97features.(X3DcontentcanstillusethetechniquesbrowseVRML)2.XMLintegration.(YoucanuseXMLtoshowVRML97features)3.componentization.(Encapsulatedbythemagnitudeofthecore(core)technology,itcaneasilyaddnewfeatures)4.expandability.(Usingthecomponenttoaddnewnodesandexecutecodeinlinewiththecoretechnology)5.UsetheJavaplatformtoensureuniversalX3Dgoal1.IncludeVRML97feat37IV-IVJAVA3DDuetospacemodelingVRML,GML,X3Dandotherlanguagesloaderdesigndeficiencies,thereisanurgentneedforahigh-levelprogramminglanguagetoreplacetheoriginalscriptingcapabilities.Javanetworkandplatformindependenceaswellasitsstrongsupportforthethree-dimensionalgraphics,soheoccupiedanimportantpositioninthefuturedevelopmentofthemarketinthethree-dimensional.Java3Dhasputforwardanewscheme,asthemodel-basedtechnologyplatformandinputdevicesdependingonthemodel.Itnotonlyprovideshigh-levelconstructorconstructionandoperationofthe3Dgeometricobjects,andusetheseconstructorscanalsobuildanycomplexitythevirtualscene,thesevirtualscenelargecosmicobjects,smallmicroscopicparticles.IV-IVJAVA3DDuetospace38V

VirtualEnvironmentModelingMethodsandToolsThebasicprincipleistocreateavirtualenvironmentmodelingthree-dimensionalmodelingsoftwareandrealobjectsinthree-dimensionalspace,likeathree-dimensionalmodel,andthengetthepropertiesandtexturedatatomodelrealobjectrendering,simulationmodelsmadeafterthedataconversion,andfinallydriversoftwareinto3Dreal-timethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationdemo.EnvironmentalModelingEnvironmentalmodelingprocessAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationMultigenCreatorandVegathree-dimensionalsimulationVVirtualEnvironmentMode39V-IEnvironmentalModelingEuclidean-geometry

Fractal-geometry

PhysicallyBasedModelingImageBasedRenderingHybridModelingTechnology:PhysicallyBasedRenderingandImageBasedRendering,isthefuturedirectionofthevirtualenvironmentmodeling.V-IEnvironmentalModeling40V-IIEnvironmentalmodelingprocess

现实世界数据和纹理采集三维建模仿真渲染数据输出实时驱动景观仿真V-IIEnvironmentalmodeling41V-IIIAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionallandscapedynamicssimulationAutoCADand3DSMAXsoftwarearetwokindsofsoftwareinengineeringfield..AutoCADsoftwareintheconstruction,editingatwo-dimensionalgraphicsfeatures,easytouse,andopen,thereareLISPAutoprogramminglanguagesupportandmanyotheradvantages.3DSMAXsoftwarehasgreatadvantagesin3Dmodeling,animationandrendering..V-IIIAUTOCADand3DSMAX42VRdataformatconversionIn3dsMaxVRauthoringsystemmodel,combinedwiththerequirementofVRsystem,seewhethertousesuchasLOD(levelofdetail)model,ifneedtouseMaxcomeswithaLODplug-indirectlygeneratetheobject'sLODmodel.Finally,accordingtotheenvironmentoftheVRsystemeditorwillthemodeloutputforeditingenvironmentthatcanbereceivedby,suchasvrml97orDXFformatfile.VRdataformatconversionIn3d43在AUTOCAD中进行精确的二维建模，生成*.dwg文件。在3DSMAX中制作成效果图和动画输出。处理和制作各种纹理贴图，并在3DSMAX中作立体渲染。导入3DSMAX中建立三维立体模型。在AUTOCAD中进行精确的二维建模，生成*.dwg文件44V-IVMultigenCreatorandVegadynamicsimulationofthree-dimensionallandscape

TheMultigenCreatorSoftware,developedbyMultiGen-paradigm,anAmericancompany,ithasforreal-timeapplicationoptimizationofopenflightdataformat,powerfulpolygonmodeling,vectormodeling,largeareaterrainandgenerateaccuratefunction,andavarietyofprofessionaloptionsandplugins,cangeneratereal-timethree-dimensional(RT3D)database,andoptimization,andcloselycombinedwiththesubsequentreal-timesimulationsoftwareinthevisualsimulation,simulationtraining,urbansimulation,interactivegamesandengineeringapplications,thescientificvisualizationreal-timesimulationfieldhasaworldleadingposition.V-IVMultigenCreatorand45AUTOCAD和3DSMAX结合进行三维建模，生成*.3ds文件。维建模，生成*.dwg文件。导入MultigenParadigmCREATOR中对三维立体模型进行纹理贴图和渲染，并输出为OPENFLIGHT文件（*.flt）。把OpenFlitht文件导入MultigenParadigmVEGA中对三维立体模型进行实时动态驱动，实现漫游和动画输出功能。AUTOCAD和3DSMAX结合进行三维建模，生成*.46MoreprofessionalmodelingtoolsandprofessionalmodulesBundleTerrain(largeareaaccurate3Dterrainfunctionintegration,needProCreatormodule);RoadTools（

Standardroadgenerationtool，andBaseCreator、CreatorProCouldbind）。Moreprofessionalmodelingtoo47Paradigm-VegaEfficienttoolsforbuildingadvancedreal-timesimulationVEGAisaleadingsoftwareenvironmentforthedevelopmentofreal-timevisualandauditorysimulation,virtualrealityandgeneralvideoapplications.Vegaincludinglynxgraphicalenvironments,asetcanprovidethefullsoftwarecontrolandmaximumflexibilityandcompleteapplicationprogramminginterfaceandaseriesofrelateddatabaseandAudioWorks2real-timemultichannelaudiosystem.VegaandtheoptionalmodulecanruninWindowsNToperatingsystemandSGIIRIXoperatingsystem,andsupportsavarietyofdatabaseloaderParadigm-VegaEfficienttools48FlightOpenformatandAPIsFlightOpenisthemostpopularstandardinthefieldofvisualsimulationforMultigendevelopment..Openflightusinggeometrichierarchyandnodeattributestodescribethethree-dimensionalobjects,allowstheusertooperatedirectlyonthehierarchicalstructureandnodeandguaranteefromthelargedatabasetoprecisecontrolofobjectsofasinglevertex.Logichierarchicalstructureandlevelofdetail,theinterceptionofthegroup,renderingpriority,separationsurfaceandotherfunctions,theimagegeneratorknowwhenandhowtodrawthe3Dscene,greatlyimprovestheperformanceofthereal-timesystem.FlightAPIsOpen(Clanguagedevelopmentenvironment),youcanexpandtheexistingfunctionalityandalgorithms,developuser-defineddatabaseentitiesFlightOpenformatandAPIsFl49MultigenCreator/Vega

SimulationApplications

虚拟洛杉矶

虚拟深圳中心区

MultigenCreator/Vega

Simulati50VIexamplesofthedevelopmentofthevirtualcampus:XianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVirtualcampusisintheenvironmentofcomputer,virtualreproductionofthenewcampuslandscape,throughthehelmet,3Ddevicessuchasamouse,peoplecanenterthevirtualcampusroaming,thebeautyofthetasteofthecampus.Inthiswayletmorepeopleaclearunderstandingofthenewcampus,fortheregion'sdevelopmentplanningandtransport,tourism

andotheraspectshavemoreclear

goals.VIexamplesofthedevel51HardwareandsoftwareenvironmentHardwareequipment:twoSGIoctaneworkstation,IntergraphNTworkstation,a550PIIIIBMmicrocomputer,helmet,joystick,3Dmouse,eyewear,Intergraphandhigh-precisionscanner,recorder,tapemachine(4mm),external50gharddisk;Support:DigitalPhotogrammetrysoftwareVirtuoZo3.1;GISsoftware---Arcinfo7.1,Arcview3.1,IMAGIS,VRsoftware---MultiGen,Vega;imageprocessingsoftwarePhotoshop5.0;3Dmodelingsoftware---AutoCad3DMax,software.Hardwareandsoftwareenvironm52Step1:datapreparationphase(1)theoriginaldata,includingNanjingNormalUniversityXianlinCampusoflargescaleaerial(photoimagesscale1:2500);cameracalibrationparameterfile,groundcontrolpointinthedocument.(2)metadatabaseconstructioninclude:aerialscaledenominator;GaoHang;aerialcamerafocallength;aerialunits;dateofaerialphotography;aerial;numberofaerialimages;GaussKrugerprojectionwithanumber;zones;centralmeridianandstandardparallels.Step1:datapreparationphase53Step2:datapreprocessingstageDatacollection:theaerialphotographisscannedanddigitizedintodigitalphotogrammetrysoftware..TheVirtuoZo3.1