IP地址与TCPIP协议课件

第六章IP地址和TCP/IP协议1第六章IP地址和TCP/IP协议1问题的提出：1、用户的网络属性中各项如何配置（有路由、无路由）2、各项配置的意义（IP地址、网关、DNS）2问题的提出：2一、什么是协议

协议是规则，是网络的语言二、协议的功能 协议的功能：分割、寻址、封装、排序、信息流控制、同步、干路 传输、连接控制 传输控制协议TCP：负责流量控制，并保证传输的正确性 网际协议IP：将数据从一处传到另一处第一节协议的基本概念3一、什么是协议第一节协议的基本概念3介绍tcp/ipHostInternetTCP/IPHost介绍tcp/ipHostInternetTCP/IPHosttcp/ip的分层应用层传输层网络层网络接口层协议只有四层，使用Sniffer抓个数据包来说明协议的封装，比如访问可以查看DNS的解析等细节5tcp/ip的分层应用层传输层网络层网络接口层协议只有四层，TCP端口号SourcePortDest.Port…HostA102823…SPDPHostZTelnetZ目的=23.Telnet

应用程序.TCP端口号SourceDest.…HostA10282SendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedHostAHostBTCP三次握手确立连接1SendSYNSYNreceivedHostAHosSendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedSendSYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)HostAHostBSYNreceived12TCP三次握手确立连接SendSYNSYNreceivedSendSYN,SendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedSendSYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)Established(seq=101ack=301ctl=ack)HostAHostB123SYNreceivedTCP三次握手确立连接SendSYNSYNreceivedSendSYN,TCP简单知识Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverTCP简单知识Windowsize=1SenderTCP简单知识Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1TCP简单知识Windowsize=1SenderTCP简单知识Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2TCP简单知识Windowsize=1SenderTCP简单知识Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2TCP简单知识Windowsize=1SenderTCP简单知识Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3TCP简单知识Windowsize=1SenderTCP简单知识Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3TCP简单知识Windowsize=1SenderWindowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3ReceiveACK4SendACK4TCP简单知识Windowsize=1SenderReceivTCP序列和确认SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#SourceDest.Seq.Ack.102823101Ijustsent#10.TCP序列和确认SourceDest.…SequenceATCP序列和确认Ijustgot#10,nowIneed#11.SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.Ijustsent#10.TCP序列和确认Ijustgot#10,SourceTCP序列和确认SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.Ijustgot#10,nowIneed#11.Ijustsent#11.TCP序列和确认SourceDest.…SequenceATCP序列和确认SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.12Seq.2Ack.Ijustgot#11,nowIneed#12.Ijustsent#11.TCP序列和确认SourceDest.…SequenceATCP窗口SenderReceiverTCP窗口SenderReceiverTCP窗口Windowsize=3Send2SenderReceiverWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3TCP窗口Windowsize=3SenderRecWindowsize=3Send2TCP窗口SenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

DroppedReceiverWindowsize=3TCP窗口SenderWinWindowsize=3Send2TCP窗口SenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

DroppedWindowsize=3Send4Windowsize=3Send3ReceiverWindowsize=3TCP窗口SenderWinWindowsize=3Send2TCP窗口SenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

DroppedWindowsize=3Send4Windowsize=3Send3ACK5Windowsize=2ReceiverWindowsize=3TCP窗口SenderWin地址解析协议IP:=???我需要的MAC地址地址解析协议IP:地址解析协议IP:=???我听到广播这个信息是发给我的告诉我的MAC地址我需要的MAC地址3.2.地址解析协议IP:地址解析协议IP:Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:=???我听到广播这个信息是发给我的告诉我的MAC地址我需要的MAC地址地址解析协议IP:地址解析协议MapIP MACIP:MAC:0800.0020.1111IP:=???我听到广播这个信息是发给我的告诉我的MAC地址我需要的MAC地址ARP地址解析协议，根据IP地址解析出MAC地址地址解析协议MapIP MAC1反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?Iheardthatbroadcast.YourIPaddressis5.反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:5Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?Iheardthatbroadcast.YourIPaddressis5.反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111反向ARPMapEthernet IPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:5Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?Iheardthatbroadcast.YourIPaddressis5.反向ARPMapEthernet IP介绍TCP/IP地址SADAHDRDATA介绍TCP/IP地址172.18.0IP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost32bitsIP地址255255255255Dotted

DecIP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111Binary32bits1891617242532128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

IP地址255255255255Dotted

DecIP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111

10101100

00010000

01111010

11001100Binary32bits

172

16

122

204Example

DecimalExample

Binary1891617242532128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

IP地址255255255255Dotted

DecClassA:ClassB:ClassC:ClassD: 多播ClassE:研究IP地址类NetworkHostHostHostNetworkNetworkHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkHost8bits8bits8bits8bitsClassA:IP地址类NetworkHostHosIP地址分类1ClassA:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost891617242532Range(1-126)1ClassB:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost891617242532Range(128-191)1ClassC:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost891617242532Range(192-223)1ClassD:Bits:1110MMMMMulticastGroupMulticastGroupMulticastGroup891617242532Range(224-239)IP地址分类1ClassA:Bits:0NNNNNNNH主机地址02118E1172.161212网络号主机号..网络号接口E0E1路由表E0主机地址0172.1

11111111决定可利用的主机地址172

1600

10101100

00010000

00000000

0000000016

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

NetworkHost

00000000

00000001

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111110......

00000000

00000011

11111101123655346553565536-...265534N2N-2=216-2=655344111111111决定可利用的主机地址172 IP地址练习AddressClassNetworkHost004620IP地址练习AddressClassNetworkHostIP地址练习答案AddressClassNetworkHost004620ABCCBNonexistent0046IP地址练习答案AddressClassNetworkHo网络号没有子网的地址…...5354网络号没有子网的地网络号有子网的地址网络号有子网的地址子网地址00600050E0E1172.162160网络号主机..NetworkInterfaceE0E1NewRoutingTable子网号子网地址00172.子网掩码1721600255255002552552550IP

地址默认掩码8位子网掩码NetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost也可写成“/16”代表在子网中有16个1也可写成“/24”代表在子网中有24个111111111111111110000000000000000子网掩码1721600255255002552552550I十进制对应的二进制1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1281 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1921 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 2241 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 2401 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 2481 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 2521 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 2541 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1十进制对应的二进制1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 12816NetworkHost172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000默认情况下是没有使用子网00000010没有子网的网络60

网络号16NetworkHost17200101011001111网络号扩展了8位有子网的网络16NetworkHost6017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010Subnet网络号128192224240248252254255网络号扩展了8位有子网的网络16NetworkHost172有子网的网络网络主机6092101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网网络号扩展到10位161722128网络号128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255有子网的网络网络主机60255.25子网练习地址子网掩码类子网号002子网练习地址子网掩码类子网号010.6.子网练习答案地址子网掩码类子网号002BAA子网练习答案地址子网掩码类子网号010.地址摘要例子16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609241地址摘要例子161722160101011000001000地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609212161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921237161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst6092123456161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst6092123456161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234567161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609212345678161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609228912990123456789161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100IPHostAddress: 21SubnetMask:网络地址=主机地址=–54（除去网络地址和广播）广播地址=558位子网相当于C类NetworkSubnetHost1010110000010000000000101111111121::1010110011111111Subnet:10101100000100000001000011111111000000100000001011111111011110010000000000000000B类有子网的例子Broadcast:NetworkIPHostAddress: 21网SubnetPlanningOthersubnets62820subnets5hostspersubnetClassCaddress:

SubnetPlanningOther192.168.511111000主机地址:21子网掩码:48NetworkSubnetHost21:1100000011111111Subnet:11000000101010001010100011111111000001010000010111111111011110010111100048:C类有子网的例子SubnetAddress=20HostAddresses=21–26BroadcastAddress=27F