高中英语情态动词课件

情态动词

情态动词一.定义和基本特征1.情态动词表示的是说话人对动作的观点，情感或者态度。它不表示动作或者状态，因此不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词或者系动词一起构成谓语。2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其形态始终保持不变。3.情态动词后面直接加动词原型。4.情态动词的否定形式都是在后面加not。5.常见的情态动词有：can/could;may/might;should/oughtto;must;shall；need/dare;will/would;hadbetter;wouldrather.一.定义和基本特征1.情态动词表示的是说话人对动作的观点，情二.高考考点1.基本意义和用法2.表推测的用法3.在虚拟语气中的用法二.高考考点1.基本意义和用法1.基本意义和用法：

can/could:①表能力，技能could是can的过去时②表建议或请求（could比can要委婉客气）例句：①Canyouplaythepiano?Could(表过去）youplaythepianowhenyouwereyoung?②Could

youpleasehelpmecarrythebag?1.基本意义和用法：may/might:①表允许，may用于现在时或者将来时，might用于过去时②表请求，此时might比may更客气，没有过去的意思。例子：①Hesaysyoumayleave.Hesaidyoumightleave.②May/MightIuseyourbike?--Yes,youcan/may.--No,youmustn’t.may/might:①表允许，may用于现在时或者将来时，mshould/oughtto:①表示应当，应该。一般来说，should和oughtto可以通用，但是后者比前者语气要强烈些。②在名词性从句中，should表示惊异、意外等情绪，常翻译为“竟然”。例句：①Youshould/oughttodosomethingtohelpher.你应该为她做点什么。②Itseemsunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.这种事竟然发生在我身上，简直太不公平了。should/oughtto:①表示应当，应该。一般来说，must:在肯定句、疑问句中表示义务或必要性，翻译成“必须”。否定形式mustn’t表示禁止做某事，“千万不能，不行”例句：①YoumustdoeverythingasItoldyou.你必须按照我说的去做事情。②---MustIfinishthetaskinanhour?----Yes,youmust.肯定回答

----No,youneedn’t或者youdon’thaveto.否定回答③Youmustn’ttellherthebadnewsatthismoment.must:在肯定句、疑问句中表示义务或必要性，翻译成“必须”Shall:

①用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。例句：Shallwegooutforawalk?②用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告或者威胁以及用于宣布法律法规等。例句：①Youshalldoasourteachersays.②Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday.③用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示允许，许诺，承诺。例句：Ifyoufinishtheworkintwodays,Ishallgiveyou200dollars.

Shall:need/dare

need：表示“需要，必要”的意思。

dare：表示“敢”，多用于疑问句和否定句中。例句：1.Ineedcleantheroom.2.Idarenotsayawordinfrontofaprettylady.

need/dare例句：1.Ineedcleanthwill/would:

①will用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t+动词。如：Willyoumarryme?

②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：此时would比will更委婉客气。(这里的用法和could、can表建议请求是一样的。Could比can更委婉客气）

Will/Wouldyoupleasetellherthenewswhenyouseeher?

③would表示过去反复发生,习惯性的动作。如：

EverytimewhenIpassedmyschoolIwouldvisitmyteacherswhotaughtme5yearsago.will/would:hadbetter:表示“最好做某事”。例句：①You’dbetterattendthesummercamp.你最好能参加这个夏令营。②She’dbetternotstayoutsidelate.她最好不要在外面呆的太晚了。hadbetter:表示“最好做某事”。wouldrather：宁愿做某事固定句型：wouldratherdoAthandoB例句：Hewouldratherstayathomethangoout.他宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去。wouldrather：宁愿做某事情态动词基本意义和用法高考真题演练：1.1Blackholes____notbeseendirectly,sodeterminingthenumberofthemisatoughtask.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.need解析：此题考察的是这几个情态动词的基本意思，can用于肯定句表示理论上的可能性，最符合本题意旨。情态动词基本意义和用法高考真题演练：1.2“Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall

解析：shall表示法律规定等。1.2“Theinterest______bedivTheschoolrulesstatethatnostudents______gooutofschoolduringtheday.A.needB.mustC.shallD.wouldCTheschoolrulesstatethatno---Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butIwillhaveatestonthatsubjectnextmonth.----Don'tworry,you______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.mayC.needD.shallshall在这里表示“许诺，承诺”。---Ihaven'tgotthereference1.3John,lookatthetime._______youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour？

A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need1.4Tom,you_____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis！

A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t

D.maynotAB1.3John,lookatthetime.__1.5Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.

A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would解析：在这个宾语从句中，should在这里根据句意表示“竟然”的意思。1.5Youcan’timaginethatawe1.6ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would解析：此题中的can指客观的可能性（并非推测），可以翻译成“有时候也。。。。”1.6ItisusuallywarminmyhHealwaysgetsupearly,buthe______sleepuntilnoononSundays.A.mustB.dareC.shouldD.canDHealwaysgetsupearly,butTheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_______beveryslow.A.shouldB.mustC.willD.canTheWorldWideWebissometim1.7---MayIsmokehere?----Ifyou_____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.）

A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must1.7---MayIsmokehere?1.8Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you_____takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will1.8Incrowdedplaceslikeair1.9Whenhewasthere,he_____gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might解析：would表示过去习惯性动作。1.9Whenhewasthere,he____2.0Ateacher_________doeveryexercise,butastudentmust.A.maynotB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t2.0Ateacher_________doeve2.1I_______notsayawordwhilemyfatherissleeping.A.mustB.dareC.needD.wouldB2.1I_______notsayawordw2.2I’vedecidedtotakethejobandI_______changemymind.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.maynot2.2I’vedecidedtotakethej2.表推测的用法：见下页表格2.表推测的用法：：：1.她肯定在北京。ShemustbeinBeijingnow.2.她肯定不在北京。She____________beinBeijingnow.3.她可能不在北京。She_____________beinBeijingnow.can't/couldn'tmay/mightnot1.她肯定在北京。can't/couldn'tmay/migTheymusthavecompletedthetask.他们肯定已经完成了这个任务了。他们肯定没有完成任务。They______________________thetask.can't/couldn'thavecompletedTheymusthavecompletedthetHedidn'tpickupthephone,forhemust__________atthistime.A.sleepB.havesleptC.besleepingD.beslept情态动词+do情态动词+havedone情态动词+bedoing情态动词+bedoneHedidn'tpickupthephone,f表推测用法高考真题演练：2.1Helen_____goonthetripwithusbutsheisn’tquitesureyet.

A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can表推测用法高考真题演练：2.2—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.

—It___Hardy's.Healwayswearsgreen.

A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.mustbe2.2—I’vetakensomeoneelse’s2.3——Guesswhat！IhavegotanAformytermpaper.——Great!You____readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.mustmusthaveshouldD.shouldhave2.3——Guesswhat！Ihavegotan2.4He_______havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside.

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t2.4He_______havecompletedh2.5：--Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?

--No,it_______behim---I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.

A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot2.5：--Isn’tthatAnn’shusband2.6：--DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.

--Well.He______havegonefar----hiscoat’sstillhere.

A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’t2.6：--DoyouknowwhereDavid2.7Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony？

A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must解析：疑问句的推测通常用can、could，表示惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。而一般不用may、might。2.7Mr.Bushisontimeforev2.8It's8o'clocknow,he_________hereanyminutenow.A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.shouldn'tbe2.8It's8o'clocknow,he____2.9---AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?---I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.canD.might2.9---AreyoucomingtoJeff’3.0MysistermethimattheGrandTheaterafternoon,sohe___________yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattended3.0MysistermethimattheGr3.1Johnny,you________playwiththeknife,you___hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;canD.can’t;shouldn’t3.1Johnny,you________play3.在虚拟语气中的运用：情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的、遗憾等感情色彩，用法如下：（1）shouldhavedone表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’thavedone则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：

Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Youshouldn’thavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.（2）oughttohavedone也表示“本应该……”而oughtnottohavedone则意为“本不应该……”。如：

Yououghttohavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Yououghtnottohavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.3.在虚拟语气中的运用：（3）needn’thavedone表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：Youneedn’thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.（4）couldhavedone表示“本来能够做成某事，但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。如：Icouldhavecomeontime,butmycarbrokeontheway.（3）needn’thavedone表示“本无必要做某事虚拟语气用法的高考真题演练：

3.1：—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.

--You________herlastweek.

A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold解析：对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用“情态动词+have+v-ed”，据此可排除答案A、C，should(oughtto)+have+v-ed”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做，含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。虚拟语气用法的高考真题演练：3.2Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.

A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need解析：“could+have+v-ed”用于肯定句中，表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味，侧重有能力而没能做成。该句意思为：“他花钱买了座位，而他本来可以免费进去的”。答案为A。3.2Hepaidforaseat,whenhe3.3—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.

—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone解析：“needn’t+have+v-ed”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事，无批评责备之意，只是惋惜而已。如Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。答案为B。3.3—Catherine,Ihavecleaned3.4I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.

A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t

3.4I_______havewatchedthat3.5---Welldone,Tom!----Thankyou.Butgivenmoretime,I_______itbetter.A.shouldn’thavedoneB.couldhavedoneC.mightnotdoD.mayhavedone3.5---Welldone,Tom!3.6She_________theexaminationagainsinceshehadalreadypassedit.A.needn’thavetakenB.didn’tneedtakeC.needn’ttakeD.mustn’ttake3.6She_________theexaminat3.7You________thoseletters.Whydidn’tyou?A.shouldpostB.shouldhavepostedC.musthavepostedD.oughttopost3.7You________thoseletters

Thanksforwatching!Thanksfor情态动词

情态动词一.定义和基本特征1.情态动词表示的是说话人对动作的观点，情感或者态度。它不表示动作或者状态，因此不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词或者系动词一起构成谓语。2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其形态始终保持不变。3.情态动词后面直接加动词原型。4.情态动词的否定形式都是在后面加not。5.常见的情态动词有：can/could;may/might;should/oughtto;must;shall；need/dare;will/would;hadbetter;wouldrather.一.定义和基本特征1.情态动词表示的是说话人对动作的观点，情二.高考考点1.基本意义和用法2.表推测的用法3.在虚拟语气中的用法二.高考考点1.基本意义和用法1.基本意义和用法：

can/could:①表能力，技能could是can的过去时②表建议或请求（could比can要委婉客气）例句：①Canyouplaythepiano?Could(表过去）youplaythepianowhenyouwereyoung?②Could

youpleasehelpmecarrythebag?1.基本意义和用法：may/might:①表允许，may用于现在时或者将来时，might用于过去时②表请求，此时might比may更客气，没有过去的意思。例子：①Hesaysyoumayleave.Hesaidyoumightleave.②May/MightIuseyourbike?--Yes,youcan/may.--No,youmustn’t.may/might:①表允许，may用于现在时或者将来时，mshould/oughtto:①表示应当，应该。一般来说，should和oughtto可以通用，但是后者比前者语气要强烈些。②在名词性从句中，should表示惊异、意外等情绪，常翻译为“竟然”。例句：①Youshould/oughttodosomethingtohelpher.你应该为她做点什么。②Itseemsunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.这种事竟然发生在我身上，简直太不公平了。should/oughtto:①表示应当，应该。一般来说，must:在肯定句、疑问句中表示义务或必要性，翻译成“必须”。否定形式mustn’t表示禁止做某事，“千万不能，不行”例句：①YoumustdoeverythingasItoldyou.你必须按照我说的去做事情。②---MustIfinishthetaskinanhour?----Yes,youmust.肯定回答

----No,youneedn’t或者youdon’thaveto.否定回答③Youmustn’ttellherthebadnewsatthismoment.must:在肯定句、疑问句中表示义务或必要性，翻译成“必须”Shall:

①用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。例句：Shallwegooutforawalk?②用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告或者威胁以及用于宣布法律法规等。例句：①Youshalldoasourteachersays.②Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday.③用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示允许，许诺，承诺。例句：Ifyoufinishtheworkintwodays,Ishallgiveyou200dollars.

Shall:need/dare

need：表示“需要，必要”的意思。

dare：表示“敢”，多用于疑问句和否定句中。例句：1.Ineedcleantheroom.2.Idarenotsayawordinfrontofaprettylady.

need/dare例句：1.Ineedcleanthwill/would:

①will用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t+动词。如：Willyoumarryme?

②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：此时would比will更委婉客气。(这里的用法和could、can表建议请求是一样的。Could比can更委婉客气）

Will/Wouldyoupleasetellherthenewswhenyouseeher?

③would表示过去反复发生,习惯性的动作。如：

EverytimewhenIpassedmyschoolIwouldvisitmyteacherswhotaughtme5yearsago.will/would:hadbetter:表示“最好做某事”。例句：①You’dbetterattendthesummercamp.你最好能参加这个夏令营。②She’dbetternotstayoutsidelate.她最好不要在外面呆的太晚了。hadbetter:表示“最好做某事”。wouldrather：宁愿做某事固定句型：wouldratherdoAthandoB例句：Hewouldratherstayathomethangoout.他宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去。wouldrather：宁愿做某事情态动词基本意义和用法高考真题演练：1.1Blackholes____notbeseendirectly,sodeterminingthenumberofthemisatoughtask.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.need解析：此题考察的是这几个情态动词的基本意思，can用于肯定句表示理论上的可能性，最符合本题意旨。情态动词基本意义和用法高考真题演练：1.2“Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall

解析：shall表示法律规定等。1.2“Theinterest______bedivTheschoolrulesstatethatnostudents______gooutofschoolduringtheday.A.needB.mustC.shallD.wouldCTheschoolrulesstatethatno---Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butIwillhaveatestonthatsubjectnextmonth.----Don'tworry,you______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.mayC.needD.shallshall在这里表示“许诺，承诺”。---Ihaven'tgotthereference1.3John,lookatthetime._______youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour？

A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need1.4Tom,you_____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis！

A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t

D.maynotAB1.3John,lookatthetime.__1.5Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.

A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would解析：在这个宾语从句中，should在这里根据句意表示“竟然”的意思。1.5Youcan’timaginethatawe1.6ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would解析：此题中的can指客观的可能性（并非推测），可以翻译成“有时候也。。。。”1.6ItisusuallywarminmyhHealwaysgetsupearly,buthe______sleepuntilnoononSundays.A.mustB.dareC.shouldD.canDHealwaysgetsupearly,butTheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_______beveryslow.A.shouldB.mustC.willD.canTheWorldWideWebissometim1.7---MayIsmokehere?----Ifyou_____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.）

A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must1.7---MayIsmokehere?1.8Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you_____takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will1.8Incrowdedplaceslikeair1.9Whenhewasthere,he_____gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might解析：would表示过去习惯性动作。1.9Whenhewasthere,he____2.0Ateacher_________doeveryexercise,butastudentmust.A.maynotB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t2.0Ateacher_________doeve2.1I_______notsayawordwhilemyfatherissleeping.A.mustB.dareC.needD.wouldB2.1I_______notsayawordw2.2I’vedecidedtotakethejobandI_______changemymind.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.maynot2.2I’vedecidedtotakethej2.表推测的用法：见下页表格2.表推测的用法：：：1.她肯定在北京。ShemustbeinBeijingnow.2.她肯定不在北京。She____________beinBeijingnow.3.她可能不在北京。She_____________beinBeijingnow.can't/couldn'tmay/mightnot1.她肯定在北京。can't/couldn'tmay/migTheymusthavecompletedthetask.他们肯定已经完成了这个任务了。他们肯定没有完成任务。They______________________thetask.can't/couldn'thavecompletedTheymusthavecompletedthetHedidn'tpickupthephone,forhemust__________atthistime.A.sleepB.havesleptC.besleepingD.beslept情态动词+do情态动词+havedone情态动词+bedoing情态动词+bedoneHedidn'tpickupthephone,f表推测用法高考真题演练：2.1Helen_____goonthetripwithusbutsheisn’tquitesureyet.

A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can表推测用法高考真题演练：2.2—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.

—It___Hardy's.Healwayswearsgreen.

A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.mustbe2.2—I’vetakensomeoneelse’s2.3——Guesswhat！IhavegotanAformytermpaper.——Great!You____readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.mustmusthaveshouldD.shouldhave2.3——Guesswhat！Ihavegotan2.4He_______havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside.

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t2.4He_______havecompletedh2.5：--Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?

--No,it_______behim---I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.

A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot2.5：--Isn’tthatAnn’shusband2.6：--DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.

--Well.He______havegonefar----hiscoat’sstillhere.

A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’t2.6：--DoyouknowwhereDavid2.7Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony？

A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must解析：疑问句的推测通常用can、could，表示惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。而一般不用may、might。2.7Mr.Bushisontimeforev2.8It's8o'clocknow,he_________hereanyminutenow.A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.shouldn'tbe2.8It's8o'clocknow,he____2.9---AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?---I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.canD.might2.9---AreyoucomingtoJeff’3.0MysistermethimattheGrandTheaterafternoon,sohe___________yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattended3.0MysistermethimattheGr3.1Johnny,you________playwiththeknife,you___hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;canD.can’t;shouldn’t3.1Johnny,you________play3.在虚拟语气中的运用：情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的、遗憾等感情色彩，用法如下：（1）shouldhavedone表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’thavedone则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：

Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.