考研考博-英语-山东华宇工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东华宇工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Foryearsthetwinbrothershavebeen（）watches,rings,anddiamondsintheneighboringcountries.

问题1选项

A.sheltering

B.smuggling

C.supervising

D.speculating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sheltering“保护，掩蔽”；B选项smuggling“走私”；C选项supervising“监督，管理，指导”；D选项speculating“投机，猜测”。句意：多年来，这对孪生兄弟一直在邻国走私手表、戒指和钻石。空格后提到的watches,rings,anddiamonds手表、戒指和钻石以及毒品等是走私的一般物品，还涉及了neighboringcountries邻国，B选项smuggling“走私”最恰当。因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

问题1选项

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notasuch

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是习惯用法，意思为“没有…这样的事”。句意：土地归城市所有，没有土地私有这回事。因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。

3.翻译题

如何积累词汇。掌握一门外语的词汇有几种途径：1）通过上下文巧妙地猜测词义；2）结合阅读使用词典；3）除阅读外，进行专门的词汇训练。我们是慢慢吞吞地、吃力地积累词汇，以便几年以后可以流畅阅读呢，还是在阅读的同时学习词汇呢？最容易也最有趣的增加词汇的可能办法是拿一本用浅显文体写成的故事书（老师或图书馆管理员可以推荐一本），然后当作故事来读。当作故事来读这一文选意味着整句整段地阅读，而不是逐字逐词地翻译，即使我们在这儿或那儿漏掉了一些意义，但最终还是能逐渐地熟悉某些词汇而根本不用查词典。当然，这只是我们在阅读用本族语写的故事时所用的方法，这样的阅读使我们能比逐字翻译更好地感受习惯用法和句法。

【答案】Howtoaccumulatevocabulary?Thereareseveralwaystomasteraforeignlanguage’svocabulary:1)Skilfullyguessthemeaningofawordbasedoncontext;2)useadictionary,combiningwiththereading;3)dospecialvocabularytraining,besidesreading.Whetherweaccumulatevocabularyslowlyandlaboriouslysothatwecanreadsmoothlyseveralyearslaterorlearningvocabularywhilereading?Theeasiestandmostinterestingwaytoenlargevocabularyisprobablyusingastorybookwhichiswritteninplainliteraryform(teacherorlibrariancanrecommendone),andthenreaditasastory.Readingthisliteraryselectionasastorymeansreadingitbywholesentenceandwholeparagraph,nottranslatingitwordbyword.Evenifwemisssomemeaninghereorthere,wecangraduallyfamiliarizewithcertainwordsultimatelywithoutlookingupdictionary.Ofcourse,thismethodisjustusedwhenwereadstorieswritteninourownlanguage.Thiskindofreadingcanmakeusfeelidiomaticusageandsyntaxbetterthantranslatingwordbyword.

4.翻译题

在中国较大的城市中，自行车流——曾一度是中国城市最生动的形象之一，已经被挤满汽车的街道取代了，可怕的是，驾驶者大多是新手。通过禁止或严格限制在这些城市使用摩托车，中国跳过了它的亚洲邻国的发展模式，在这些国家中，摩托车通常使新富们初次尝到了不需费力就可四处移动的滋味。拥有大约九百万辆普通自行车的上海，去年因禁止自行车在市中心的主要街道上行驶，引起了媒体的一阵批评。但是近来自行车用得是越来越少了。

【答案】

InChina'sbiggercities,theriversofbicycles—onceoneofthemostvividimagesofurbanChina—havebeenreplacedwithstreetsjammedwithcars,mostofthem,terrifyingly,areinthehandsofnovicedrivers.Bybanningorseverelyrestrictingmotorcycleuseinthesecities,ChinahasleapfroggedthedevelopmentpatternofitsAsianneighbors,wherethemotorbikehasusuallyprovidedthenewlyaffluentwiththeirfirsttasteofeffortlessmobility.Shanghai,hometoabout9millionordinarybikes,arousedaflurryofmediacriticismlastyearbybanningthemfrommainroadsinthecenter.Buttheyarelessandlessusedthesedays.

5.单选题

Theeachrevolvesbothroundthesunandonitsownaxis.

问题1选项

A.resolves

B.involves

C.rotates

D.evolves

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resolves“决定；溶解；使……分解；决心要做……”；B选项involves“包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于”；C选项rotates“旋转；循环”；D选项evolves“进化，进展”。句意：每一个（星球）都绕着太阳和自己的轴旋转。本句关键词revolves表示“使……旋转；使……循环”，可和rotates做同义替换；因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Anearthquakeisashakingoftheground（）whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition.

问题1选项

A.whichoccurring

B.itoccurs

C.andthereforeoccurring

D.thatoccurs

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项which是多余的，occurring是分词作定语，不需要引导词；B选项it不能引导定语从句；C选项语法混乱；根据语法结构选择D选项“thatoccurs”，whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition是由that引导的定语从句。句意：地震是一种地面的震动……当地球表面下的大块岩石改变位置。因此答案为D选项。

7.单选题

Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct灭绝的，绝种的；permanent永久的，不变的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；intrinsic本质的，固有的。句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于它们的稀缺性。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Thepatient’sprogresswasencouraging,ashecould（

）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

问题1选项

A.only

B.nearly

C.hardly

D.badly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。空格后是动词，因此空格处填入副词修饰。A选项only“只，仅仅”；B选项nearly“差不多；密切地”；C选项hardly“几乎不；刚刚”；D选项badly“非常；严重地”。句意：病人的进步是令人鼓舞的，因为他……不需要帮助就能下床。由句中“encouraging”可知，此处表示病人“几乎不需要帮助就可下床”，因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Shemakesalivingnowasadressmaker.

B.Shemakesalivingnowasalandlady.

C.Sheworriesalotaboutherhealth.

D.Shenowlivesonherpension.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Doyouwork?

W:Iamadressmaker，butIhaven’tworkedforayear.

M:Thenhowcanyoumanagetolivewithoutworking?

W:Ihaveatenant.

M:Doyouoftenworryaboutthings?

W:Iusedtoworrybutnotnow.Iknowit'snotworthit.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】细节题。女士说：Ihaveatenant（我有房客），即她是房东。

10.单选题

Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans—theorganicenvironmentisbornanddiesandisrebornendlessly,beautifully,andcompletelywithoutmoralconstraintorethicalcontrol.Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.Itisnotacity.

Humanbeingsmadeandmakecities,andonlyhumanbeingskillcities,orletthemdie.Andhumanbeingsdoboth—makecitiesandunmakethem—bythesamemeans:byactsofchoice.Weenjoydeludingourselvesinthisasinotherthings.Weenjoybelievingthatthereareforcesouttherecompletelydeterminingourfate,naturalforces—orforcessostrongandoverwhelmingastobelikenaturalforces—thatsendcitiesthroughorganicorbiologicalphasesofbirth,growth,anddecay.Weavoidtheknowledgethatcitiesareatbestworksofart,andatworstungainlyartifacts—butneverflowersorevenweeds—andthatwe,notsomemysteriousforceorcosmicbiologicalsystem,controlthecreationandlifeofacity.

Wecontrolthecreationandlifeofacitybythechoicesandagreementswemake—thebasicchoicebeing,forinstance,nottolivealone,thebasicagreementbeingtolivetogether.Whenpeoplechoosetosettle,likethestarts,notwanderlikethemoon,theycreatecitiesassitesandsymbolsoftheirchoicetostopandtheiragreementnottoseparate.Nowstasisandproximity,notmovementdistance,definehumanrelationships.Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.

Acityisnotanextendedfamily.Thatisatribeorclan.Acityisacollectionofdisparatefamilieswhoagreetofunction:Theyagreetoliveasiftheywereascloseinbloodortiesofkinshipastheyareinphysicalproximity.Choosinglifeinanartifact,peopleagreetoliveinastateofsimilitude.Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.Ifafamilyisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughbiology,acityisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughwillandimagination—throughmentalchoicesmakingartifice,notthroughphysicalreproduction.

21.Theauthor’spurposeisprimarilyto______.

22.Theauthorcitesthesentence“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”(Paragraph1)as______.

23.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsquotedin“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”inParagraph1is______.

24.Accordingtothispassage,whyisananthillbydefinitionunlikeacity?

25.Mutualdefense,controlofwaterways,andshelterfromtheforcesofnaturearepresentedprimarilyanexampleofmotivesforpeopleto______.

问题1选项

A.identifythesourcesofpopulardiscontentwithcities

B.definethecityasgrowingoutofasocialcontract

C.illustratethedifferencebetweencitiesandvillages

D.comparecitieswithbloodfamilies

问题2选项

A.anexampleofonetypeoffigurativelanguages

B.asimplestatementofscientificfact

C.amomentarydigressionfromhiscentralthesis

D.aparadoxwithironicimplications

问题3选项

A.respectful

B.ambivalent

C.skeptical

D.approving

问题4选项

A.Itcanbecasuallydestroyedbyhumanbeings.

B.Itsinhabitantsoutnumbertheinhabitantsofeventhelargestcity.

C.Itisaworkofinstinctratherthanofimagination.

D.Itexistsonafarsmallerscalethananycitydoes.

问题5选项

A.moveawayfromtheirenemies

B.gathertogetherinsettlements

C.welcomehelpfromtheirkinfolk

D.redefinetheirfamilyrelationships

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者的主要目的是……”。定位文章第一句Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.（当我们从过去和现在的时代、从最初到今天来思考城市时，我们必须永远记住，城市是人工制品）可知，文章开头先指出城市是人造艺术品，随后两段描述了人类是如何通过选择和约定控制城市的创造和生活，最后总结城市是一个有着契约的地方，定位文章倒数第二句Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.（城市是一个有着重大契约的城市），所以这篇文章的作者的主要目的是定义城市为社会契约中成长起来的地方，B项“将城市定义为在社会契约中成长起来的城市”正确。A项“找出民众对城市不满的根源”，文中没有提到人类对城市的不满，该项属于无中生有。C项“说明城市和乡村之间的差异”也是无中生有，原文并未比较这两个的差异。D项“比较城市与血亲家庭”曲解原文，原文只是用血亲家庭来描述城市的特点。因此，该题选择B项。

22.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用了‘社区是城市有机体的重要细胞’，作为……”。定位到第一段第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(…“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”)…—areartificial.（尽管我们从生物学或自然角度对其进行比喻：社区是城市有机体的重要细胞，但是，城市还是人造的），句子中提到了metaphor，作者从生物学角度引用比喻来描述城市，所以A项“一种比喻性语言的一个例子”正确。B项“科学事实的简单陈述”和C项“中心论点暂时的离题”属于无中生有，这并不是一个科学事实，也没有离题。D项“一个具有讽刺意味的悖论”属于曲解原文，文中并没有提到悖论。因此，该题选择A项。

23.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用‘当工业逃离时，城市就会消亡；社区是城市有机体的重要细胞’时，陈述的态度是……”。定位到第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.（但是城市是人造的，尽管我们从生物学或自然角度对其进行比喻：当工业逃离时，城市就会消亡；社区是城市有机体的重要细胞；或者尽管我们用感伤的或拟人化的手段来描述城市）可知，尽管从生物学或自然学角度来比喻，或者用拟人化的手段来描述城市，试图让城市和自然联系在一起，但是城市依旧是人造的，这是一种矛盾的想法，所以B项“矛盾的”符合题意。A项“有礼貌的”、C项“持怀疑态度的”和D项“赞成的”都不正确，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择B项。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，为什么蚁丘的定义不同于城市？”。根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.（大自然从未创造过城市，而大自然创造的城市可能看起来像一座城市，比如一座蚁丘，但它只是看起来像一座城市）可知，蚁丘虽然看起来是个城市，但其实并不是城市；结合第一段第一句提到的wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts（我们必须永远记住城市是人工制品），可以推断蚁丘和城市的区别在于一个是自然的本能，一个是人工创造，C项“这是本能的工作，而不是想象力”符合题意。A项“它可以被人类随意摧毁”，城市也只有人类才能毁灭，该项曲解原文。B项“它的居民数量甚至超过最大城市的居民”和D项“它的规模比任何城市都小得多”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择C项。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“共同防御，控制水道，躲避自然的力量，这些都是人们……的主要动机”。定位到倒数第二段最后一句Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.（共同防御、控制河流或港口、躲避自然力量，所有这些和其他原因可能导致人们聚集，但一旦聚集，他们的生活方式就不同了，也变得不同了）可知，人们做这些事情的原因是聚集在一起，其中提到了两个词，aggregate和congregated，相当于gathertogether，所以B项“聚集在定居点”正确。A项“远离他们的敌人”和C项“欢迎亲戚的帮助”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位最后一段第一句Acityisnotanextendedfamily.（一个城市不是一个大家庭）可知，城市并不是一个大家庭，所以人们做这些事情并不是为了重新定义家庭关系，D项“重新定义他们的家庭关系”为反向干扰。因此，该题选择B项。

11.单选题

The（）ofmodembridgeismadeofconcreteorsteelandcoveredwithsomethingelse.

问题1选项

A.arch

B.platform

C.skeleton

D.coating

【答案】A

【解析】arch拱形,拱门；platform平台,月台；skeleton骨架,骨骼；coating涂层,包衣。句意：现代桥梁的拱是由混凝土或钢制成的,上面覆盖着其他的材料。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.

问题1选项

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.hindered

D.refrained

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。prevent“防止”；restrain“抑制，阻止”；hinder“阻碍”；refrain“抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事业没有因为他没上过大学而受到明显的障碍。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

问题1选项

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。空格处所在句子为宾语从句，从句的语序应为：疑问词+主语+谓语。故D项正确。句意：John问Mary买的电子词典多少钱。

14.写作题

Writeanessayabout200wordsasyouranswertothefollowingquestion:“ShouldtheChinesegovernmentpaymoreattentionandinvestmoreineducationforchildrenintheruralarea?”WriteyouransweronyourANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】Nowadays,thesocietycalledformoreeffortstoupgradetheeducationqualityinthevastwesternruralarea,wheretheeconomywasrelativelybackward.Toimprovetheeducationqualityinthewesternprovinces,especiallyintheruralarea,weshouldpromotesocialharmony,coordinatedevelopmentbetweenthecitiesandthecountryside,andpayattentiontothelong-termdevelopmentofthewesternregion.Moreinvestmentshouldbeinjectedintotheeducationsectorinthewesternruralareatoallowruralstudentstoreceivetheirfreenine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Thegovernmentshouldattractmoreoutstandingteacherstoserveinthecountryside.Also,moreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovetheteachingandboardingfacilitiesforruralstudents,andteachingmethodsshouldalsobeimprovedtohelpstudentsdevelopcreativethinking.Theauthorityshouldalsostresstheimportanceofeducationforethnicminorities.Moreeffortsshouldbemadetodevelopethnicminorityeducationsoastomakecontributiontothecommonprosperityofallnationalities.

15.单选题

Otherguestsatyesterday'sopeningceremony,whichwasbroadcast（

）bytheradiostationincludedtheGovernorandtheMayor.

问题1选项

A.alive

B.live

C.lively

D.living

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词辨析。alive“活着的，活泼的，有生气的”；live“直播的，活的”；lively“活泼的，生动的”；living“现存的，活跃的，逼真的”。句意：昨天，广播电台现场直播的开幕式上，其他来宾包括州长和市长。由broadcast可推知是现场直播。故B项正确。

16.单选题

Theworkhas________thestatusofaclassicamongthecomposer’sadmirers.

问题1选项

A.required

B.acquired

C.inquired

D.inspired

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项required“要求”；B选项acquired“获得，取得”；C选项inquired“询问，问明”；D选项inspired“激发，鼓舞”。句意：这个作品在作曲者的追随者中（）经典的地位，作品和追随者心目中的地位是需要获得的，所以B选项acquire最合适。

17.填空题

Onenight,standingoutonthedeck,Ifeltdestroyedbymyburden.Iwasabout$50,000indebt.Mypublisherandmyagentwereatmeconstantly,toaskwhenIwouldfinishthisendlessbook.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dtoask改为asking

【解析】【考查点】非谓语动词。

【解题思路】D部分是句子的非谓语动词，ask和此句的主语Mypublisherandmyagent是主动关系，所以用现在分词asking。

【句意】一天晚上，我站在甲板上，觉得不堪重负。我当时欠了5万美元。我的出版商和经纪人不断地问我，什么时候能写完这本永无终止的书。

18.单选题

JamesCook,（）,alsodiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.

问题1选项

A.byexploringtheSouthSeahereachedAustralia

B.exploredtheSouthSeaandreachingAustralia

C.whoexploredtheSouthSeaandreachedAustralia

D.exploredtheSouthSeathenreachedAustralia

【答案】C

【解析】考查从句。C选项做定语从句修饰主语JamesCook，定语从句中的谓语explored和reached由and并列，时态语态一致，整个句子代入到题干中无语法错误。句意：詹姆斯库克探索了南海并到达了澳大利亚，他也发现了夏威夷群岛。A选项中hereachedAustralia是一个完整句子，代入到题干中，整个句子出现多个主语和谓语，并且没有适当的连词或引导词，因此A错误；B选项中and后的动词是reaching而and之前的动词是explored，and并列的两个动词之间的时态和语态不一致，因此错误；D选项表达的逻辑关系不正确。因此C选项符合题意。

19.写作题

Writeashortsummary(about60-80words)ofthefollowingarticle.Thesummaryrestatesthemainideawithoutaddinganycommentsthatexpresspersonalfeelingorresponsestothedetailspresented.Keepinmindthatthepurposeofasummaryofconciserestatementoftheauthor’sideasinyourownwordsistotestyourunderstandingofthearticle.PleasewriteyoursummaryontheAnswerSheet

WhattheU.S.andChineseSchoolSystemsHaveinCommon

02/22/2012BySarahCarr

AmericanswhovisitChineseschoolsquicklyrealizethatmanyofourbeliefsandassumptionsabouteducationholdlittlewaterinChina:IntheUnitedStates,oururbanpublicschoolsperformrelativelypoorly,butinChinatheurbansystemsrateamongthenation’sbest.Hereweoftenregardprivateschoolsasacutabovepublicones(thoughthetruthisfarmurkier),butmostChineseconsiderpublicschoolstobesuperior.Americansviewpubliceducationasacrucialequalizerforademocraticsociety,intheoryatleastbuttheChineseseeitpartlyasameanstosorttheirmassivepopulationinadistinctlyundemocraticfashion.

Despitethesedifferencesofconceit,theAmericanandChineseeducationsystemsshareonecommon,definingcharacteristic:theyarebothplaguedbygrossinequalitiesandrampantsegregation.IntheUnitedStates,theseinjusticesfalllargelyalongracialandclasslines:poor,minoritystudentsaremorelikelytoattendhighlysegregatedschools;theirschoolsaremorelikelytosufferfromalackofresources;andtheirteachersaremorelikelytobeinexperienced.

TheChineseeducationsystem,too,featuresethnicandclassinequities.ButevenmoresothanintheUnitedStates,geographyandbirthplaceequaleducationaldestiny.AsSarahButrymowiczofTheHechingerReportdocumentedinarecentarticle,millionsofschoolchildrenhavemigratedtocitiesinrecentyearswiththeirjob-huntingparents.Oncethere,theyoftenfindthemselvesineligibletoattendgovernment-runschools,particularlythebestones.Anunknownnumberwindupinsub-par,pseudo-privateschoolcateringtothemigrantpopulation.

HenanChang,anassistantprofessorinLoyolaUniversityChicago'sSchoolofEducationwhohasstudiedtheoutcomesofmigrantschoolchildreninKunming,saidmostofthem“havenointeractionwhatsoeverwiththelocalresidents.Theyliveintheirownbubbles.Theirplaymates,theirschoolmatesthey'reallmigrantsthemselves.”

ButrymowicznotesthatthesedisparitiestaintedChina'srecentdomineeringperformanceoninternationalassessmentsinreading,mathandsciencebecausemanypublicschoolsdonotadmitmigrantstudents.WhenShanghai15-year-oldsoutperformedtherestoftheworldin2010,observerswonderediftheirsuccessstemmedatleastinpartfromexclusionary,segregationistpractices.AfterItoldafriendofminewhogrewupinChinaabouttheinternationalrankings,hequippedthatpublic-schoolstudentsinShanghaiarecomparabletoprivate-schoolstudentsonManhattan'sUpperEastSideintermsoftheirwealthandprivilege.Shakinghishead,henotedthatnoonewouldtakeDaltonorBrearley—twooftheBigApple'smosteliteprivateschools—asrepresentativeofthewholeUnitedStates.

In2006,IspentseveralweeksinChinarepottingonthecountry’sschools,focusinginparticularontheeducationofmigrantchildrenlivinginBeijing.InAmerica,everyoneaskedmeifChineseschoolshadleftusinthedust,whileinChinaeveryoneaskedmeifAmericanschoolshadlefttheminthedust.AmericansreveredtheChinesemasteryofbasicsubjectssuchasmathandgeography,whiletheChineseextolledtheAmericanemphasisoncreativityandnurturingindividualtalent.

AmericanstalkedaboutthestrikingdisciplineofChinesestudents,whiletheChinesewonderedwhytheyhadnotyetwonmoreNobleprizes.Nobodyineithercountryframedtheirfearsaboutinternationalcompetitivenessintermsofinequality,however.

Bothnationsdowellbytheirmostprivilegedandfortunatestudents.InChina,theyattendwell-resources,state-of-the-artgovernmentschoolsthatemploysomeofthecountry’sbestteachers.InAmerica,theirfamiliespossessthemoneyandfreedomtomovetoregionswherepublicschoolsexcel,ortoenrollinanynumberofwealthyprivateschools.

Foreithercountry,winningtheglobalcompetitionwilldependlessonchangesmadefortheelitesthechildrenofthe1percent.Ultimately,successwilldependontheirleaders’interestandfortitudeinaddressingtheopportunitygapsthatpersistthroughouttheirschools.Whenitcomestoeducation,that’sthesingle,indelibletraitthatbothcountrieshavelongshared.

【答案】【参考范文】

AmericansandChineseholddifferentviewsoneducationsystem.InAmerica,peoplethinkprivateschoolsisthebestchoice,whileChinesehaveadifferentopinion.Despitethedifferences,theAmericanandChineseeducationsystemshavesomethingincommon—unfairofeducation.InAmerica,theseinjusticesisreflectedinracialandclass;inChina,itshowsmoreinregionaldifference.Thehigh-qualityeducationcanonlybenefittheminorityinbothcountries.

Inordertowintheglobalcompetition,theirleadersshouldpaymoreattentiontoclosetheopportunitygaps.

20.单选题

Shemusthavebeenpretty（）tofallforsuchanoldtrick.

问题1选项

A.interested

B.gullible

C.enthusiastic

D.shrewd

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项interested“感兴趣的”；B选项gullible“易受骗的，轻信的”；C选项enthusiastic“热情的”；D选项shrewd“精明的，狡猾的”。句意：她太容易上当受骗了，才落入这样的老圈套。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

21.翻译题

Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor’sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandthis.

Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparate,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.

【答案】阅读之所以有趣，并不是因为作者在向你讲述什么，而是由于阅读使你积极地思考。在作者的引导之下，你的想象力任意驰骋，甚至超越作者的想象。对比作者的经历，你会得出自己的结论，可能相同，也可能相悖。而你的想法会随着你的理解而发展。

每一本书籍都独立存在，就像独门独户的房子，而图书馆中的书籍却像城市中的建筑。尽管它们各自独立，但却共同构成一个整体。它们之间彼此相连，而且也与其他城市相互联系。相同或者相关的想法在不同的地方出现。人类在生活中反复出现的问题在文学中也重复出现，但在不同的时代、不同的作品中解决的办法各不相同。

22.单选题

______abombontheroad,thecarwasstopped.

问题1选项

A.Havingseen

B.Thedriverseeing

C.Seeing

D.Afterseeing

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Havingseen看到B.Thedriverseeing司机看到

C.Seeing看到

D.Afterseeing在看到……后

【答案】B

【考查点】独立主格结构。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，句子已经有谓语动词wasstopped，因此空格处需填入一个非谓语动词。主句主语是thecar（汽车），非谓语动词see的逻辑主语应该是thedriver（司机）。因此应用独立主格结构：名词/代词+非谓语动词。因此B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句子逻辑。

【句意】司机看到路上有炸弹，于是把车停了下来。

23.翻译题

Thedimensionsoftourismareastonishing.In2012，theU.N.tourismorganizationcelebratedreaching1billioninternationaltripsinasingleyear.Ingrosseconomicpoweritisinthesamecompanyasoil,energy,financeandagriculture.Atleastoneoutofeverytenpeoplearoundtheworldisemployedbytheindustry,accordingtoWolfgangWeinzoftheInternationalLabourOrganization.

Travelhasalsobecomeadefaultfund-raisingtechnique.（1）Todaypoornationsseetourismastheirbestbetoutofpoverty，secondonlytooilandenergyasthemajorengineofdevelopment.Thailandistheworld’sbiggestexporterofrice,yetitstourismisitsnum-ber-onemoneyearner.CostaRicahasturneditswildernessintoavenueforhighlyprofita-bleecotcurism.AssoonasSriLanka,andnowBurma，beganseeinganendtoconflict,theyopenedthedoortoarushoftourists.AftertheArabSpringuprising,Egyptsentoutapleatocruisecompaniesandtouroperatorstoreturnandkick-starttheeconomy

（2）TheU.N.tourismorganizationnowplacespovertyreductionasoneofitstopob-jectives，alongwiththehigh-mindedidealsofimprovinginternationalpeaceandprosperi-ty.SincetheendoftheColdWarandtheopeningoftheworldfortravel，tourismhasbe-comeanimportantsourceofforeignexchangefortheworld’spoorestnations,oftentheonlyone.Whiletourismrequiressomeinfrastructure,fromairfieldstomodernhigh-ways.Itislessexpensivethanbuildingfactories.Intheory,poorcountriesshouldbeabletousethenewrevenuefromthetourismindustrytopayfortheinfrastructurewhileraisingstandardsoflivingandimprovingtheenvironment.Onehundredoftheworld’spoorestna-tionsdoearnupto5percentoftheirgrossnationalproductfromforeigntouristswhomar-velattheirexoticcustoms，buysuitcasesofsouvenirsandtakeinnumerablephotographsofstunninglandscapes.

（3）Butjustastourismiscapableofliftinganationoutofpoverty，itisjustaslikelytopollutetheenvironment，reducestandardsoflivingforthepoorbecausetheprofitsgotointernationalhotelchainsandcorruptlocalelites，andcatertotheworstoftourism,in-cludingcondemningchildrentheexploitationofsextourism.Likeanymajorindustry,tourismhasaseriousdownside,especiallysincetourismandtravelisunderestimatedasaglobalpowerhouse，itsstudyandregulationisspottyatbest.（4）Tourism

isoneofthosedouble-edgedswordsthatmaylooklikeaneasywaytoearndesperatelyneededmoneybutcanravagewildernessareasandunderminenativeculturestofitintopackagetours:afifteen-minutesnippetofaballetperformedinSouthernIndia；nativehandicraftsrefashionedtofitoversizetour-ists.Whatisknownisthattourismandtravelisresponsiblefor5.3percentoftheworld’scarbonemissionsandthedegradationofnearlyeverytropicalbeachintheworld.

Tomakewayformoreresortswithspectacularviews，developersdestroynativehabi-tatsandignorelocalconcerns.（5）Preservationistsdecrythegrowingpropensitytobulldozeoldhotelsandbuildingsinfavorofconstructingnewresorts，waterholesandentertain-mentspotsthatlookidenticalwhetherinSingapore，DubaiorJohannesburg，aworldwherediversityisreplacedwithhomogeneity.Anothercatastropheforcountriesbettingontourismhascomefromwealthyvacationerswhofallinlovewithacountryandbuysomanysecondhousesthatlocalscannolongeraffordtoliveintheirowntownsandvillages.

【答案】（1）现今的贫穷国家将旅游业视为摆脱贫困的最佳方法，仅次于石油和能源这两个重要的发展引擎。

（2）联合国旅游组织现在将扶贫和增进国际和平与繁荣的高尚理想一起作为其首要目标之一。

（3）但是，正如旅游业能帮助一个国家摆脱贫困，它同样有可能污染环境、降低贫困人群的生活标准。造成这种现象的原因是旅游业的收益都流向了国际连锁酒店，并使当地的掌权人物腐化堕落。

（4）旅游业是众多双刃剑之一。旅游业看起来像是一种赚取急用钱的简单方法，但它也能破坏野生地区，弱化本土文化以适应旅游团体。

（5）为了建造新的度假胜地、酒吧和娱乐场所，老酒店和老建筑都被推倒。无论是在新加坡、迪拜或约翰内斯堡，这些新建的景区、建筑看起来都完全一样。保护主义者对这种日益严重的趋势加以谴责。

24.填空题

Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationmorethanbythe“battleofthesexes”.

A

B

C