考研考博-英语-天津工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.

问题1选项

A.to

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。B选项regardlessfor“尊重；考虑到”；C选项regardlessof“不管，无论”；A选项regardlessto和D选项regardlessin非固定搭配。句意：我们接受任何人，______国籍。根据语境，这里指接受每个国家的人，C选项regardlessof“不管，无论”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone（

）theother.

问题1选项

A.emphasizing

B.reinforcing

C.multiplying

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。emphasize强调；reinforce加强，加固；multiply增加；increase增强，提高。

句意：相同的因素推动工资和物价同时上涨，二者相互促进。这里指由于相互促进而增强，所以选项B最为恰当。

3.单选题

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

问题2选项

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

问题3选项

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

问题4选项

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

问题5选项

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

4.翻译题

Theonlyadvice,indeed,thatonepersoncangiveanotheraboutreadingistotakenoadvicetofollowyourowninstincts,touseyourownreason,tocometoyourownconclusions.

Ifthisisagreedbetweenus，thenIfeelatlibertytoputforwardafewideasandsuggestionsbecauseyouwillnotallowthemtofetter(禁锢)thatindependencewhichisthemostimportantqualitythatareadercanpossess.Afterall,whatlawscanbelaiddownaboutbooks?ThebattleofWaterloowascertainlyfoughtonacertainday；butisHamletabetterplaythanLear?Nobodycansay.Eachmustdecidethatquestionforhimself.

Everywhereelsewemaybeboundbylawsandconventions—therewehavenone.Then,howarewetobringorderintothismultitudinouschaosandgetthedeepestandwidestpleasurefromwhatweread?

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses—fiction，biography，poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor；trytobecomehim,Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback，andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible，thesignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.

“Wehaveonlytocompare”—withthosewordsthecatisoutofthebag,andthetruecomplexityofreadingisadmitted.Thefirstprocess,toreceiveimpressionswiththeutmostunderstanding,isonlyhalftheprocessofreading；itmustbecompleted,ifwearetogetthewholepleasurefromabook,byanother.

Wemustpassjudgmentuponthesemultitudinousimpressions;wemustmakeofthesefleetingshapesonethatishardandlasting.

【答案】如果我们对此达成共识，我就可以无拘束地提出一些看法和建议，因为你不会让这些看法和建议禁锢你的独立见解，而独立见解正是读者应该具备的最重要的品质。

在其他任何一个地方，我们都会受到法律和习俗的约束，唯独在读书方面没有。

毋庸讳言，既然书籍有类别之分——比如小说、传记、诗歌等，我们就应该将它们加以区分，并从各种不同类别的图书中获取有益的内容。

倘若你从未开卷便先行犹豫退缩、有所保留、批评苛求，那么你就在妨碍自己从阅读中最大限度地获取有用价值。

我们必须对各种感受进行梳理和鉴别：把变幻不定的印象固化为明确和持久的感受。

5.单选题

Theexecutivemanagerdoesn’tliketoconsideropinionsdifferentfromhisown,whichmay_______hisjudgmentinbusinessactivities.

问题1选项

A.cripple

B.hurt

C.distract

D.distort

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“cripple”意为“（使）跛；（使）残废；削弱；给……造成严重问题”；B选项“hurt”意为“使受伤；损害；使疼痛；使痛心”；C选项“distract”意为“转移；分心”；D选项“distort”意为“扭曲；使失真；曲解”。句意：这位行政经理不喜欢考虑与自己不同的意见，这可能会削弱他在商业活动中的判断力。由题干可知，doesn’tliketoconsideropinionsdifferentfromhisown（不喜欢考虑与自己不同的意见）说明这位经理害怕受到别人想法的影响干扰，从而削弱自己的判断力。因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines（廉价并且趣味低级的杂志）,theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantilycladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenitdoes,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Instead,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfornootherliteraryfromdoesquitethesamethings.

Whatissciencefiction?Tobegin,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown,thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause（

）.

2.Thefinalsentenceinthepassageimpliesthat

（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthatpeoplereadsciencefictionespeciallyfor

（

）.

4.Anappropriatetitleforthispassagewouldbe

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepopularimageofsciencefictionis（

）.

问题1选项

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiteraiygenre.

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation.

C.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction.

D.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon.

问题2选项

A.Thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction.

B.Thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction.

C.Thereadershouldcompareothernovelsandstoriestosciencefiction.

D.Thosewhocanappreciateprosefictioncanappreciatesciencefiction.

问题3选项

A.thediscoveryofmeaning

B.thebeautyoflanguage

C.thedisplayofcharacter

D.thepsychologicalcomplexity

问题4选项

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

C.ATypeofProseFiction.

D.BeyondtheBug-EyedMonster.

问题5选项

A.prejudiced

B.impartial

C.worthy

D.admiring

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.”可知科幻小说具有其他小说很多相同的特点，因此C选项“它与其他类型的散文小说有着共同的特点”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.”总之，阅读、欣赏科幻小说和任何其它故事或小说的原因以及研究和分析它们的方法基本上是同样的，可推测出能欣赏散文小说的那些人也能欣赏科幻小说，因为阅读它们的方法基本一样，因此选D。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.”

此外，与任何散文一样，科幻小说的主题关注于解释人类的本性以及人类与自身周围世界有关的经历。因此A选项“发现意义”符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科幻小说的定义，并介绍了它的特点、主题以及与其他文学作品的相同点，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines...Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.”许多人似乎认为科幻小说的典型代表是一些廉价并且趣味低级的杂志的封面……这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个有价值甚至重要的文学努力。可知作者认为人们对科幻小说的流行形象是有世俗偏见的，因此选A。

7.翻译题

PutthefollowingIwopassagesintoChinese.

Eternaltruthswillbeneithertruenoreternalunlesstheyhavefreshmeaningforeverynewsocialsituation.Itisthefunctionofeducation,thefunctionofallofthegreatinstitutionsoflearningintheUnitedStales,toprovidecontinuityforournationallife—totransmittoyouththebestofourculturethathasbeentestedinthefireofhistory.Itisequallytheobligationofeducationtotrainthemindsandthetalentsofouryouth;toimprove,throughcreativecitizenship,ourAmericaninstitutionsinaccordwiththerequirementsofthefuture.Wecannotalwaysbuildthefutureforouryouth,butwecanbuildouryouthforthefuture.

Fameisverymuchlikeananimalchasingitstailwho,whenhecapturesit,doesnotknowwhatelsetodobuttocontinuechasingit.Fameandcelebritythataccompaniesit,forcethefamouspersontoparticipateinhisorherowndestruction.Ironic,isn’tit?Thosewhogainfamemostoftengainitasaresultofpossessingasingletalentorskill:singing,dancing,painting,orwriting,etc.Thesuccessfulperformerdevelopsastylethatismarketedaggressivelyandgainssomepopularity,anditisthispopularitythatusuallyconvincestheperformertocontinueperforminginthesamestyle,sincethatiswhatthepublicseemstowantandtoenjoy.Butintime,theperformerbecomesboredsingingthesamesongsinthesamewayyearafteryear,orthepainterbecomesboredpaintingsimilarscenesorportraits,ortheactoristiredofplayingthesamecharacterrepeatedly.Thedemandofthepublicholdstheartisttohisorherownsuccess,fame.Iftheartistattemptstochangehisorherstyleofwritingordancingorsinging,etc.,theaudiencemayturnawayandlooktoconferfameonanotherandthen,intime,onanother,andsoonandsoon.

【答案】永恒的真理如果不在新的社会形势下赋予新的意义，它要么就不是真理，要么就不是永恒的。它是教育的功能，是美国所有伟大学府的功能，为我们国家的生活提供延续——把我们在历史的烈火中经受住考验的精华文化传给年轻人。教育同样有责任培养我们青年一代的思想和才能；通过创造性的公民身份来改善我们美国的制度，使之符合未来的要求。我们不能为我们青年创造未来，但是我们能针对未来造就我们的青年。

名誉很像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物，在抓住之后除了继续追逐外，不知道还有其它什么事可做。随之而来的名望迫使名人参与到他/她自己的毁灭中。很讽刺，不是吗？那些成名的人往往是因为拥有某种才能或技能：唱歌，跳舞，绘画或者写作等。成功的表演者发展成一种风格，在市场上非常受欢迎，正因为受欢迎，表演者继续以同样的风格表演，因为这似乎是公众想要并且所欣赏的。但随着时间的推移，表演者厌倦了年复一年地用同样的方式唱同一首歌，画家厌倦了画同样的场景或者肖像或者演员不想再重复出演同样的角色。公众的需求使艺术家得以成名。如果这个艺术家试图改变他/她的写作、跳舞或者歌唱风格等，观众可能会转身把名誉给另外一个人，然后随着时间的推移再给另一个人，如此反复下去。

8.单选题

Thispaperwillexaminerelevanttheoriesandresearchfindingsconcerninglisteningandsecondlanguageacquisitionandidentifyconditionsthatmay（）listening.

问题1选项

A.elevate

B.facilitate

C.stimulate

D.provoke

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。elevate"提升,举起";facilitate"促进,帮助";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞,激励";provoke"驱使,激怒,煽动"。句意：这篇论文将检验有关听力和第二语言习得的相关理论和研究成果,并找出有助于听力的条件。选项B正确。

9.单选题

Hewasayoungmanofbarelyeighteenyears,evidentlycountry（

）,andnow,asitseemed,onhisfirstvisittotown.

问题1选项

A.broughtup

B.bred

C.grownup

D.raised

【答案】B

【解析】bringup提出，教育，养育；breed养育，培育；growup成长，长大；raise提高，养育，上升。countrybred为常用短语，意为：乡村长大的。所以选项B正确。

10.单选题

Academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.

问题1选项

A.believed

B.discarded

C.advocated

D.confirmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。deem表示“认为，相信”，bedeemedto表示“被认为”；A项believe“相信，信任”，B项discard“抛弃，放弃”，C项advocate“提倡，拥护”，D项confirm“确认，证实”。句意：学术诚信对于那些致力于科学研究的人来说是至关重要的。根据句意可知A项正确。

11.单选题

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe（）waythestorewasorganized.

问题1选项

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。logical“有逻辑的”；haphazard“偶然的；随意的”；orderly“有秩序的”；tidy“整洁的”。句意：找到这个工作所需要的零件很难，因为商店摆放的方式很随意。选项B符合题意。

12.翻译题

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。

3.【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。

4.【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。

5.【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。

13.单选题

ItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.

Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshoweroronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghascertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithstrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.

Schooling,ontheotherhand,isspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanbyusingtheexpression“Childreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool”(Sent.2,Para.1)?

3.Thephrase“Forexample,”(Sent.4,Para.3),introducesasentencethatgivesexamplesof______.

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

5.Thepassageisorganizedby______.

问题1选项

A.Thebestschoolsteachawidevarietyofsubjects.

B.Educationandschoolingarequitedifferentexperiences.

C.Studentsbenefitfromschools,whichrequirelonghoursandhomework.

D.Themoreyearsstudentsgotoschoolthebettertheireducationis.

问题2选项

A.Goingtoseveraldifferentschoolsiseducationallybeneficial.

B.Schoolvacationsinterruptthecontinuityoftheschoolyear.

C.Summerschoolmakestheschoolyeartoolong.

D.Alloflifeisaneducation.

问题3选项

A.similartextbooks

B.theresultsofschooling

C.theworkingsofagovernment

D.theboundariesofclassroomsubject

问题4选项

A.Withoutformaleducation,peoplewouldremainignorant.

B.Educationsystemsneedtoberadicallyreformed.

C.Goingtoschoolisonlypartofhowpeoplebecomeeducated.

D.Educationinvolvesmanyyearsofprofessionaltraining.

问题5选项

A.listinganddiscussingseveraleducationalproblems

B.contrastingthemeaningsoftworelatedwords

C.narratingastoryaboutexcellentteachers

D.givingexamplesofdifferentkindsofschools

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出学校教育和教育之间的区别，接着分别介绍了两者不同的特点。因此B选项“教育和学校教育是完全不同的经历”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“最好的学校教授各种各样的科目”，C选项“学生从学校中受益，学校要求长时间的学习和家庭作业”，D选项“学生上学的年数越多，他们的教育就越好”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.（而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。），说明有些人认为教育是一个终身的过程，去学校上学反而打断了这一过程。因此D选项“整个人生都是一种教育”正确。A选项“去几个不同的学校在教育上是有益的”，B选项“学校放假打断了学年的连续性”，C选项“暑期学校使学年太长”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第四句Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.（例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情，也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。），该句Forexample之后列举的例子是为了说明前文的haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught（往往受到了学科范围的限制）。因此D选项“课堂学科的限制”正确。A选项“类似的教科书”，B选项“学校教育的结果”，C选项“一个政府的工作方式”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了学校教育和教育的区别，学校教育只是教育的一部分，除此之外人们还有许多其他接受教育的形式。因此C选项“上学只是人们受教育方式的一部分”正确。A选项“没有正规的教育，人们就会保持无知”，B选项“教育系统需要进行彻底的改革”，D选项“教育涉及多年的专业培训”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文来看，作者首先提出教育和学校教育两个相关的概念，接着分别介绍了它们的特点和区别，所以本文的行文线索是对比教育和学校教育这两个相关词汇的概念。因此B选项“对比两个相关词汇的含义”正确。A选项“列出并讨论了几个教育问题”，C选项“叙述了一个关于优秀教师的故事”，D选项“举例说明不同类型的学校”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

14.单选题

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

问题1选项

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。growth“增长，发展，生长”;nurture“养育，教养”；promotion“提升”;creation“创造”。根据geneticsandenvironment（遗传与环境）与naturevs.___的对应关系可知“养育”符合，因此选项B符合题意。句意：心理学家们对遗传和环境在决定人类智力上的相对重要性长期以来都有争论，即一个有时被称为“自然”对比“培育”的辩论。

15.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（

）toheartattack.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。prone“有…倾向的，易于…的”；disposed“有...倾向的”；infectious“传染的”；accessible“易接近的”。句意：医生们在对易于患心脏病的病人进行外科手术时，热衷于使用激光作为手术工具。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

JoyceCarolOatespublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstoriesByTheNorthGates,in1963,twoyearsaftershehadreceivedherMaster’sdegreefromtheUniversityofWisconsinandbecomeaninstructorofEnglishattheUniversityofDetroit.Herlineproductivitysincethenhasbeenprodigious,accumulatinginlessthantwodecadestonearlythirtytitles,includingnovels,collectionsofshortstoriesandverse,plays,andliterarycriticism.Inthemeantime,shehascontinuedtoteach,movingin1967fromtheUniversityofDetroittotheUniversityofWindsor,inOntario,andin1978toPrincetonUniversity.Reviewershaveadmiredherenormousenergy,butfindaproductivityofsuchmagnitudedifficulttoassess.

InaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceontheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.Hersisaworldofviolence,insanity,fracturedlove,andhopelessloneliness.Althoughsomeofitappearstocomefromherowndirectobservations,herdreams,andherfears,muchmoreisclearlyformtheexperienceofothers.Herfirstnovel,WithShudderingFall(1964),dealtwithstockcarracing,thoughshehadneverseenarace.InThem(1969)shefocusedonDetroitfromtheDepressionthroughtheriotsof1967,drawingmuchofhermaterialfromtheDepressionmadeonherbytheproblemsofoneofherstudents.Whateverthesourceandhowevershockingtheeventsorthemotivations,however,herfictiveworldremainsstrikinglyakintothatrealonereflectedinthedailynewspapers,thetelevisionnewsandtalkshows,andthepopularmagazinesofourday.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageindicateaboutJoyceCarolOates’sfirstpublication?

3.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutJoyceCarolOatesintermsofherwritingcareer?

4.WhatwasthesubjectofJoyceCarolOates’sfirstnovel?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldJoyceCarolOatesbemostlikelytowrite?

问题1选项

A.ToreviewOates’sBytheNorthGate.

B.Tocomparesomemodernwriters.

C.TodescribeOates’schildhood.

D.TooutlineOates’scareer.

问题2选项

A.Itwaspartofhermaster’sthesis.

B.Itwasavolumeofshortfiction.

C.Itwasnotsuccessful.

D.Itwasaboutan