考研考博-英语-南京审计大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京审计大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

问题2选项

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

问题3选项

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

问题4选项

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

问题5选项

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A“生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”，所以商业革命的影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。

第2题:词义辨析题。第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工会本身被精通技术的人主导，变得自私和排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:推理判断题。根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织业”；根据文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。

第4题:细节事实题。作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“家庭手工制不如工会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。

第5题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。

2.单选题

Itwasawonderfulplaywitha______ofoverfiftyactorsandactresses.

问题1选项

A.list

B.group

C.bunch

D.herd

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项alistof“一系列”；B选项agroupof“一群（人）”；C选项abunchof“一束；一堆”；D选项aherdof“一群（牛、鹿等）”。句意：这是一出精彩的话剧，由______超过五十名男女演员参演。根据语境，这里指的是一群人参演了话剧，B选项agroupof“一群（人）”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Wecan’thopetocompetewithotherbigcompanies（

）wehaveinferiorequipmentinourinstallationlinesandtrainingofourworkforce.

问题1选项

A.nevertheless

B.unless

C.if

D.oncondition

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词词义和词组辨析。nevertheless然而；不过；unless除非，如果不；if如果；即使；oncondition只要。根据前后句意推断C项符合题意，答案C。句意：如果我们在安装线上的设备和职工培训方面是较差的，那么我们就不能指望去与其他大公司竞争。

4.单选题

Bysigningtheleasewemadea______topayarentof$150aweek.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。makeacommitment“承诺”。句意：根据所签的租赁合同，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

问题1选项

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。transform“改变，使…变形”；transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植，迁移”；transcend“胜过”。句意：Black夫人发现每当她弹钢琴，她的钢琴就有将自己带离日常生活的糟糕现实并且将她带到自己拥有的乐园的魔力。由takingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylife及tofairyland可知“将Black夫人从糟糕的现实运送到乐园”符合逻辑，答案B

6.单选题

WhenIwassenttoprison,IreallyfeltIhad（

）myparents（

）.

问题1选项

A.let...off

B.let...down

C.let...out

D.let...alone

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。let...off“放出，准许……暂停工作，宽恕”；let...down“使失望；辜负”；let...out“放出，泄漏”；let...alone“更不必说”。句意：当我被送进监狱的时候，我真的觉得我让我爸妈失望了。选项B符合题意。

7.案例题

TheconclusionoftheUruguayRoundofmultilateraltradenegotiationsin1994，andtheestablishmentoftheWTOin1995toprovidetheinstitutionalsupporttothemultilateraltradeagreements,constitutedasignificantmilestoneintheevolutionofthemultilateraltradingsystem.Theprincipleof“singleundertaking，”boundallWTOmemberstoalltheresultsoftheUruguayRoundnegotiations(withtheexceptionofplurilateralagreements),therebyreinforcingthefundamentalprincipleofmost-favorednation(MFN)treatment.WiththeconclusionoftheUruguayRoundandthestrengthenedmultilateraltradingsystem(MTS),therewasanexpectationthatexceptionstomultilateralism,suchasregionaltradeagreements,eventhoughlegallycoveredbytheWTOundercertainconditions,wouldeitherbecomelessofanalterativepolicyoptionforcountriesorwillneedtobeadaptedandconductedinsuchamannerastobecomeoutward-oriented;notinward-looking,andhasconstitutebuildingblocksforthenewmultilateralismusheredinbytheWTO.

ThisobjectivehasbeencontinuallyemphasizedinWTOMinisterialDeclarationsthatreaffirmcommitmenttothesupremacyofmultilateralismwhilerecognizingtheimportantrolethatregionaltradeagreements(RTAs)canplay.Thisisapparentfromparagraph4intheDohaDeclarationwhereWTOMembersstressedtheir“commitmenttotheWTOastheuniqueforumforglobaltraderule-makingandliberalization,whilealsorecognizingthatregionaltradeagreementscanplayanimportantroleinpromotingtheliberalizationandexpansionoftradeandinfosteringdevelopment”.IntheworkprogrammeadoptedatDoha.WTOMembersalsoagreetonegotiationsaimedatclarifyingandimproving,existingWTOprovisionsapplyingtoRTAswhiletakingintoaccounttheirdevelopmentalaspects(paragraph29).Such“developmentalaspectsareaconcreteexpressionofthewideremphasisintheDohaWorkProgrammed(DWP)ondevelopmentissues,includingimplementation-relatedissuesandAsrecognizedbytheseDeclarations,thegrowth,expansionanddeepeningofregionaltradeagreementshasbeenremarkable.AlmostallcountriesintheworldandvirtuallyallWTOMembers(theexceptionbeingMongolia)todayarepartyto,orareintheprocessofnegotiating,atleastoneRTA.Thus,regionalismhasbecomeapolicyoptionformostcountriesandisapermanentfeatureoftheinternationaltradingenvironmentfortheforeseeablefuture.

Anotablefeatureintherecentriseofregionalismisthatcountriesthathavetraditionallyfavoredthemultilateralapproachtotradeliberalization,includingAustralia,NewZealand,Japan,Singapore,IndiaandtheRepublicofKoreahavejoinedtheRTAbandwagon.TheUnitedStateshasalsogivenmoreattentiontoconcludingRTAs.AdifferentcompositionofRTAsinvolvingthewideningofcountrycoveragebeyondthetraditionalregionalzonehasemerged.Significantly,RTAshaveemergedbetweencountriesandentitiesindifferentregions/continents(e.g.EU-Mexico,EU-SouthAfrica,US-Israel.Jordan,Morocco,Chile).Inmostcases,theseagreementsarebilateralinmembership,concludedbytwocountries/entities,includingthecaseoffreetradeagreementsnegotiatedandconcludedbythetwodistinctRTAs(e.g.EU-MERCOSURundernegotiation).

Theexpansion,wideninganddeepeningofRTAshasresultedin,asituationwherebyintra-RTAtradeaccountedforsome40percentofworldtrade(merchandiseimports)in2000andwillaccountforover50percentin2005.Furthermore,intra-RTAtradehasbeensignificant,orhasbecomemoreimportantforRTAmembers.Thus,internationaltradeflowsareincreasinglyconcentratedwithinregionalgroupingsformedbylargetradingnations.

ThequalitativedimensionofRTAsinrespectofcoverageofpolicyareashasalsoevolved.Recent“new-generation”RTAsincreasinglycovernotonlytradeingoods,butalsoother“behindtheborder”regulatoryareas,includingtradeinservices,investment,competitionpolicy,intellectualpropertyrights,governmentprocurement,labor,environmentanddevelopmentcooperation,therebygoingbeyondmultilateraldisciplinesandliberalizationcommitments(“WTO-plus”).Thesearepartandparcelof“deeper”integrationefforts.

Developingcountriesarenoexceptiontotheprocessofexpansionandreinvigorationofthe

RTAs.Theyhaveactivelyparticipatedinregionaltradeagreementsamongthemselves(South-South)andwithdevelopedcountries(North-South).Inadditiontothesesubregionalagreements,variousbilateralpreferentialtradeagreements(PTAs)havebeenlaunchedamongorinvolvingdevelopingcountries,oftenonaninterregionalbasis.

WhatisWTO’sstancetowardregionalism?Howisthedevelopmentofregionalismintheworldrightnow?(5points)

Pleasebrieflyanalyzethepositiveandnegativeeffectsofregionalismtodevelopingcountries.(10points)

Withthethrivingofregionalismintheworld,whatdoyouthinkisthefutureofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystem(MTS)?(10points)

【答案】WTOrecognizestheimportantrolethatregionalismcanplay.

Ontheonehand,regionalismcancauseapositiveeffectondevelopingcountries.Itwillbringalotofchancesfordevelopingcountriestotradewithothertradingpowers,whichwillhelpdevelopingcountriestoincreasetheirstrengthineconomicandtechnology;Ontheotherhand,thenegativeeffectshouldnotbeignoredeither.Becausethedevelopedcountriesareplayingthemainandleadingroleinregionalism,sometimesdevelopingcountrieswillbeinaunfavorablepositionduringtheprocessofcooperatingwithdevelopedcountries.Andtheenvironmentalproblemscausedduringtheseprocessesarealsoabigdisadvantagefordevelopingcountries.

ThedevelopmentofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystemmaybestuckintroubleandsomeofitsconventionswillbehit.

8.单选题

ThedoctorgavemeachestX-rayand______somemedicineforme.

问题1选项

A.drugged

B.drifted

C.prescribed

D.floated

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项drugged“用药麻醉”，drugsb.“麻醉某人”；B选项drifted“漂流；移向”；C选项prescribed“给……开（药）；规定”，prescribed(sb.)sth.(forsth.)“给……开（药）治疗……”；D选项floated“漂浮”。句意：医生给我做了x光胸透，还给我______了药。根据语境，这里指医生给我开药，C选项prescribed“给……开（药）”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

ManystatesinAmericahavepassedlawsthatsaychildrencannotbeenrolledinschoolsordaycareunlesstheyhavebeen______againsttetanus,diphtheria,measles,mumpsandwhoppingcough.

问题1选项

A.diagnosed

B.concurred

C.immunized

D.infected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项diagnose表示“诊断，断定”，B项concur表示“同意，一致，互助”，C项immunize表示“赋予免疫性，（尤指通过注射疫苗）使免疫”，D项infect表示“感染，传染”。根据unless（除非）可知，后面的句子表示条件，结合前面的句子childrencannotbeenrolledinschoolsordaycare（儿童不能上学或上托儿所）以及后面的tetanus（破伤风）、diphtheria（白喉）等词，可知“使免疫”符合语境。句意：美国许多州都通过了法律，规定儿童不能上学或上托儿所，除非他们已经接种了预防破伤风、白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎和百日咳的疫苗。因此，该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,（1）intoahobbyandlatelyhas（2）intoafull-timepassion.ThetwodevelopersofYahoo,DavidFiloandJerryYang,Ph.Dcandidates（3）ElectricalEngineeringatStanfordUniversity,startedtheirguideinApril1994asawaytokeep（4）oftheirpersonalinterestontheInternet.Beforelongthey（5）thattheirhomebrewedlistswerebecomingtoolongand（6）.GraduallytheybegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYahoo.

During1994,they（7）Yahoointoacustomizeddatabasedesignedto（8）theneedsofthethousandsofusers（9）begantousetheservicethroughtheclosely（10）Internetcommunity.Theydevelopedcustomizedsoftwaretohelpthem（11）locate,identifyandeditmaterial（12）ontheInternet.ThenameYahoois（13）tostandfor“YetAnotherHierarchicalOfficiousOrale”,butFiloandYanginsisttheyselectedthe（14）becausetheyconsideredthemselvesYahoos.Yahooitselffirst（15）onYang’sworkstation,“akebono”,whilethesearchenginewas（16）onFilo’scomputer,“Konishiki".

Inearly1995MarcAndersen,co-founderofNetscapeCommunicationinMountainView,California,invitedFiloandYangtomovetheirfiles（17）tolargercomputers（18）atNetscape.AsaresultStanford’scomputernetworkreturnedto（19）,andbothpartiesbenefited.Today,Yahoo（20）organizedinformationontensofthousandsofcomputerslinkedtotheweb.

问题1选项

A.became

B.grew

C.turn

D.intend

问题2选项

A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned

问题3选项

A.in

B.on

C.about

D.for

问题4选项

A.touch

B.contact

C.track

D.record

问题5选项

A.founded

B.found

C.argued

D.reported

问题6选项

A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D.invaluable

问题7选项

A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted

问题8选项

A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate

问题9选项

A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly

问题10选项

A.relative

B.interactive

C.bound

D.contacted

问题11选项

A.fluently

B.efficiently

C.exactly

D.actually

问题12选项

A.transmitted

B.purchased

C.sold

D.stored

问题13选项

A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed

问题14选项

A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand

问题15选项

A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched

问题16选项

A.connected

B.lodged

C.introduced

D.linked

问题17选项

A.over

B.away

C.inside

D.beneath

问题18选项

A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.hidden

问题19选项

A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal

问题20选项

A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains

D.contains

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.固定搭配。选项A和D不符合语法结构；grewinto强调发展的结果，turninto强调前后两种情况的对比。这里指主意发展成为爱好，所以选项B正确。

2.固定搭配。根据句意可知，这里是转变成另一种情况，前后形成对比，所以用turn,选项D正确。

3.介词用法。表示“在……领域”，用介词in。选项A正确。

4.固定搭配。keeptrackof意为“记录，与保持联系”，为固定搭配。选项A后面一般接介词in；选项B后面一般接介词with；keeprecord指保留记录，不符合句意。所以本题选C。

5.上下文语义。根据句意：没过多久，他们就发现自己的自制清单变得越来越长。选项B符合句意。

6.形容词词义辨析。unwieldy指笨拙的，不实用的，难处理的。根据句意可知，这里是指清单太长以至于很难处理，所以选项A更符合语境。

7.固定搭配。o为常用搭配，意为“将……转换成……”。选项D符合句意。

8.动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指满足客户的需求，与后面的service相呼应，所以选项B更恰当。

9.定语从句。根据句意可知，that在这里引导定语从句，修饰users，所以选项B正确。

10.上下文语义。根据句意可知，这里是“联系紧密”的意思，所以填入选项C更符合语境。

11.副词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里修饰的不仅仅是locate，还有identify和edit，所以填入选项B（有效的）更符合语境。

12.上下文语义。这里指编辑存储在电脑里面的资料，所以选项D符合句意。

13.固定搭配。besupposedto意为“被认为，被要求”,为固定搭配。选项D符合句意。

14.上下文语义。根据上一句可知，这里应填入上句提到的name，选项C符合句意。

15.上下文语义。句意：雅虎最初是在JerryYang的工作站上成立的。选项A后面一般接by，表示由支持；选项C不符合句意；选项D的主语是人，表示开始，着手做某事。resideon表示位于，选项B符合句意。

16.固定搭配。belodgedon为固定搭配，意为“安置”。这里指搜索引擎在Filo的电脑里面，选项B符合句意。选项A和D后面一般接介词to；选项C不符合句意，所以本题选B。

17.固定搭配。moveover表示将某物转移至另一个地方。这里指邀请FiloandYang将他们的文件转移到更大的电脑上，选项A符合句意。

18.固定搭配。housedat表示“定居于，固定于某地”。这里指固定于美国网景公司的电脑。选项A符合句意。

19.形容词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学的计算机网络恢复正常。选项B符合语境。

20.动词词义辨析和上下文语义。句意：现在雅虎涵盖了数以万计连接到网络的计算机上的有组织的信息。选项D符合原文句意。

11.单选题

Thesecontinual（）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

问题1选项

A.alterations

B.vibrations

C.waves

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。选项alteration“修改，改变；变更”；vibration“振动；振荡；颤抖”；wave“波浪；挥手示意”；fluctuation“起伏，浮动；动荡；动摇”。句意：温度上的这些持续起伏让人无法决定穿什么衣服。根据句中“makeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear让人无法决定穿什么衣服”可知“起伏”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

问题1选项

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装。Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。即需要将be动词/助动词/情态动词放在主语前，句中的实义动词位置不变。句意：他只有在获得相当多的说的能力之后，才学会读和写。AD选项都没有使用倒装，可以排除，C选项倒装后句中缺少主语，故选B。

13.单选题

Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices“active”euthanasia:intentionallyadministeringalethaldrugtoaterminallyillpatientwhohasaskedtoberelievedofsuffering.Twentytimesaday,life-prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawnwhenthereisnohopethatitcanaffectanultimatecure.“Active”euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled“mercykilling”,isacrimeeverywhereinWesternEurope.ButmoreandmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadilyadmittopracticingit,mostofteninthe“passive”formofwithholdingorwithdrawingtreatment.Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehaslatelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,withbothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.Thoseopposedtothepracticeseethemselvesup-holdingsacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryearsonthedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobegainingground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritishsubjectsfavoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.Anastonishing76percentofrespondentstoapolltakenlatelastyearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedtodecriminalizemercykillings.

Reasonsforthelatestsurgeofinterestineuthanasiaarenothardtofind.Europeans,likeAmericans,arenowlivinglonger.TheaverageEuropeanmalenowlivestotheageof72,womantoalmost8A.sDerekHumphrey,aleadingBritishadvocateof“rationaleuthanasia”,says,“lingeringchronicdiseaseshavereplacedcriticalillnessastheprimarycauseofdeath.”

Andsotheeuthanasistshavebeguntopresstheircasewithgreaterforce.Theyarguethateveryhumanbeingshouldhavetherightto“diewithdignity”,bywhichtheyusuallymeantherighttoescapethehorrorsofapainfulordegradinghospitalization.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill,butthemovementalsoincludesasmallminoritywhobelieveineuthanasiaforanyonewhorationallydecidestotakehisownlife.

Thatrightisunlikelytogetlegalrecognitionanytimeinthenearfuture.EvenintheNetherlands,theproposalsnowbeforeParliamentwouldrestricteuthanasiatoasmallnumberofcasesandwouldsurroundeventhosewithelaboratesafeguards.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Euthanasiais,oftencalled“mercykilling”,whichimpliesthat（）.

3.“Boiledover”(Line4,Para.2)means（）.

4.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiaholdthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiais（）.

问题1选项

A.“Active”euthanasiaisregardedasacrimebyDutchlaw.

B.Thedoctorwhocarriesouteuthanasiawillbecharged.

C.Anunqualifieddoctorcarryingouteuthanasiawillbeaccused.

D.“Active”euthanasiaexecutiveswillbesentencedto12yearsimprisonment.

问题2选项

A.peopleshouldshowsympathyforaterminallyillpatient

B.somedoctorsmurderpatientsshieldingthemselvesfrommercy

C.humanetreatmenttodyingpatientsshouldberequired

D.thedyingpatientsaresufferingfromthepainandtheydon’twanttoliveon

问题3选项

A.burst(into)

B.makethewaterhotenoughtoboil

C.causegreatanger

D.fightoneanother

问题4选项

A.onlyterminallyillpatientscanhaveeuthanasia

B.ifanyonewhorationallydecidestoendhislife,hecanhaveeuthanasia

C.peopleshouldrespectlife

D.nomatterwhatpunishmenttheyget,theywillcarryouteuthanasiatopatients

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.objective

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A选项“主动的安乐死被荷兰法律认为是一种犯罪”和D选项“主动安乐死的执行者将被判12年的监禁”可以定位到文章首段中“‘Active’euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.”中文翻译为：主动的安乐死在荷兰的法典上仍然是一种需判刑12年的监禁。C选项“实行安乐死的不合格医生将会被控告”可以定位到文章首段“Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.”中文翻译为：但是过去15年的一系列法庭案件却明确表示，实行安乐死的称职医生将不被指控。同时可知B选项“实行安乐死的医生将会被起诉”与文章不符合，故选B。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“mercykilling”可以定位到原文第二段“whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.”中文翻译为：而那些安乐死的支持者却高举人道对待的旗帜。可知C项正确，译为“垂死的病人应该需要人道的对待”。

3.【试题解析】词汇题。A：爆发（成）；B：让水热得足以沸腾；C：造成巨大的愤怒；D：相互打架。题干关键词“boilover”意为：爆发。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasia可以定位到原文倒数第二段中“Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill”，中文翻译为：大多数自愿安乐死的支持者认为，去死的权利应该只给予晚期绝症病人，可以得知A选项“只有晚期绝症病人可以安乐死”正确。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。A:positive“积极的”；B:negative“消极的”；C:objective“客观的”；D:uncertain“不确定的”。全文作者都是用客观的态度来描述安乐死这个话题，因此可以推测出C选项正确。

14.单选题

Havingwrittenover200booksIsaacAsimovisaveryprolificwriter.

问题1选项

A.loquacious

B.productive

C.capable

D.well-known

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.loquacious话多的B.productive多产的

C.capable有能力的D.well-known著名的

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】划线词修饰的是writer“作家”，根据前文“写了200多本书”推测，本句表达的是他写了很多书，产出非常多，B选项productive“多产的”最符合原句语义衔接。原词prolific“多产的”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项loquacious“话多的”，不符合原句语义衔接；

C选项capable“有能力的”，没有B选项精确；

D选项well-known“著名的”，没有B选项精确。

【句意】艾萨克•阿西莫夫（IsaacAsimov）是一位非常多产的作家，他写了200多本书。

15.单选题

Samanthasobbeduncontrollablyandhidinthelockerroom,so______wassheabouthavinglostinthefinalsofthestatetennischampionship.

问题1选项

A.pragmatic

B.dejected

C.jubilant

D.indifferent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“务实的”；B选项dejected“沮丧的”；C选项jubilant“欢呼雀跃的”；D选项indifferent“漠不关心的”。句意：萨曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常______她输掉了州网球锦标赛的决赛。输掉比赛以后萨曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想见人，B选项dejected“沮丧的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Wasittheprosperityofanacquisitivesocietypreparedtoforsakechildren,orthedepressionwhichaccountedfortheinter-warpopulationtrends?

问题1选项

A.inquisitive

B.curious

C.greedy

D.abnormal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。acquisitive“贪婪的；想获得的”；A选项inquisitive“好奇的；好问的”；B选项curious“好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的”；C选项greedy“贪婪的；贪吃的”；D选项abnormal“反常的，不规则的；变态的”。句意：是一个准备抛弃孩子的贪婪社会的繁荣，还是萧条导致了战争期间的人口趋势？acquisitive的动词形式为acquire，而acquire有“获得”的意思，可推测出acquisitive在这里有“贪婪的”的意思，因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Theenergy（）bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.released

C.conveyed

D.delivered

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。Transfer转让,转移;release释放;convey传达,运输;deliver递送,释放。句意:链式反应的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。

18.单选题

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisa