考研考博-英语-华东理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJean-LouisBurckhardt.

问题1选项

A.enormously

B.unstably

C.progressively

D.unnoticeably

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.enormously非常，极其B.unstably不稳定地

C.progressively持续稳定地，逐步地D.unnoticeably不知不觉地，不易察觉地

【答案】D

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】imperceptibly的意思为“难以察觉地，不知不觉地”，这里指尼罗河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不觉中移动，unnoticeably与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】几个世纪以来，尼罗河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不觉中移动，这座寺庙就这样消失了，直到1813年才被瑞士探险家Jean-LouisBurckhardt意外地重新发现。

2.单选题

Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（）butfinallyapatternemerged.

问题1选项

A.fine

B.grave

C.genuine

D.haphazard

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：起初，实验结果似乎是偶然的，但最终出现了一种模式。因此选D。

3.单选题

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia（）decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

问题2选项

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

问题3选项

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

问题4选项

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

问题5选项

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是：英国人将什么进行了明确的区分？根据关键词“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.（对英国人来说，食物的种类和供应的食物与一起吃饭的人们之间的社会联系有关。）再根据后面的举例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.（食物的种类象征着客人的类别以及和谁一起吃。）由此可知，英国人对于供应食物的种类做了明确的区分，所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是：哪些人不会在一起吃饭？原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.（在一些新几内亚社会，小家庭通常是不会一起吃饭的。）后面进行了举例，男性通常和他们的妻子孩子分开吃饭。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.（这种模式在近东社会中也很普遍。）由此可知，选项C符合原文。

3.判断推理题。题目问的是：下面哪一个不是一起吃饭所表明的信息？根据原文的内容可知，第一段提到了社会关系，第二段提到了家庭关系，第三段提到了婚姻关系，所以选项B、C、D均正确，只有选项A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情，所以本题选A。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是：最后一段表明，印度的什么决定了人们怎么吃？根据最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.（食物禁忌和等级之间也有联系，这在印度的种姓制度中表现得最为极端。）由此可知，印度的社会地位决定了人们怎么吃。所以选项D正确。

5.主旨大意题。原文第一段的第一、二句为本文的主题句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.（文化规则决定了食物消费的方方面面。谁在一起吃饭定义了社会群体。）由此可知，本文主要是讲食物和社会群体的关系，所以选项D正确。

4.单选题

Whendepartmentstoreshaveanoversupplyofgoods,theyfrequently（）pricestoencouragesales.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.review

C.damage

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项review“回顾；检查；复审”；C选项damage“损害，毁坏”D选项reduce“减少；降低”。句意：当百货公司的商品供过于求时，他们经常降价以促进销量。空格处动词的宾语是“价格”，根据后面的“以促进销量”可知D项符合句意。

5.翻译题

1.（）（他们的独生儿子从未想过）toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.

2.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto（）（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）.

3.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances（）（他会违背还钱的承诺）.

4.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids（）（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）.

5.Businessmajorasheis,hehas（）（从未考虑过从事推销员工作）.

【答案】1.（Theironlysonhasneverthought）（他们的独生儿子从未想过）toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.

2.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto（weighyourdecisionagainstitspossibleconsequences）（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）.

3.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances（

wouldhebreak/breachhispromise/commitmenttopaybackthemoney）（他会违背还钱的承诺）.

4.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids（shouldnotbeaddictedtocomputergames./shouldnotindulgethemselvesincomputergames/shouldnotabandonthemselvestocomputergames）（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）.

5.Businessmajorasheis,hehas（neverconsideredworkingasasalesman）（从未考虑过从事推销员工作）.

6.单选题

Hewasregretfuloverhisimpracticalgoalwhichjustturnedouttobea___.

问题1选项

A.mirage

B.miracle

C.migrate

D.mirador

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项mirage“海市蜃楼；幻想，妄想”；B选项miracle“奇迹，奇迹般的人或物；惊人的事例”；C选项migrate“迁移；移民”；D选项mirador“凸窗（可眺望优美景色）；塔楼”。句意：他对自己不切实际的目标感到遗憾，因为那只是___。本句表达“不切实际的目标是海市蜃楼”，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis（

）,hebeginshistermofoffice.

问题1选项

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。launch意为“发射”；commence意为“开始，着手”；inaugurate意为“为（某人）举行就职典礼，启动，开创”；initiate意为“开始，发起”。

句意：大学副校长就职典礼一旦举行，他就开始了任期。

8.单选题

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytobebusiness.

1.Thewritermentionstheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalstosuggestthat（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredformDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat（）.

3.Dr.Worm’scommentof“thesefiguresareconservative”（Line1,Paragraph3）means（）.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersmaintainthat（）.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’（）.

问题1选项

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.Slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

问题2选项

A.thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

B.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesaretherewere15yearsago

问题3选项

A.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

B.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

C.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate

D.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

问题4选项

A.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation

B.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan'tworkforalongertime

C.fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

D.theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel

问题5选项

A.technologicalapplication

B.managementefficiency

C.catch-sizelimits

D.biomasslevel

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干信息可定位到原文第一段。文章通过讲述史前人类到达新地方时，大型动物会突然灭绝，进而引出讨论的话题，即海洋生物也会在人类来临之后面临灭绝的危险。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

2.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“…thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.”可知，一个新的渔场在被开发后的15年中大型捕食类鱼种的生物量平均减少了80%。在有些长期捕捞的地区，自那以后，这个数量又减少了一半（剩余20%的一半），因此一共下降了90%；故B选项表述正确，其余选项均不能由他们的论文得出。故本题正确答案为B选项。

3.推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到原文第三段。沃姆博士承认论文中的数据是保守的，因为现在捕鱼的技术已经提高，已经用上了卫星和声纳定位，这些设备50年前是无法使用的。这就意味着现在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕捞了。以前一些抓不住的海洋生物现在都可以抓住了，以前被鲨鱼抢走的，现在由于鲨鱼都不见了，自然被捕捞的就更多了。由此可知，之前的那些数据已经过时了。故本题正确答案为C选项。

4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段可知，两位博士认为，他们的工作给出了正确的基准线，因为人们之所以没有察觉到海洋中发生的巨大变化是因为他们只回顾了过去相对较短的一段时间，所以在未来的管理工作中要明确“移动基准线”的意义。因此，本题正确答案为A选项“人们要根据变化情况调整基准线”。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，当目标鱼种的生物量约为其原始水平的50%时，渔场就可以收获最大的可持续产量。而大多数渔场都远低于这一水平，这是一种糟糕的经营方式。由此可知，作者最关心的是渔场的可持续产量，也就是关心biomasslevel（生态量）。故本题正确答案为D选项。

9.写作题

Youareveryhappywhenyougetthenewsthatyourfriendhasbeenpromoted.Writealitterofcongratulationandencouragehim/hertokeepup.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonAnswerSheet2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiTao"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress,butpayattentiontotheformofletterwriting

【答案】略

10.翻译题

20世纪，人类创造的物质文明和精神财富，超过了以往任何一个时代。令人遗憾的是，人类在这100年中也经历了前所未有的苦难，特别是遭受了两次世界大战的浩劫。但是世界的历史从来是由世界人民创造和书写的，因而正义总会战胜邪恶，光明总会战胜黑暗，进步总会战胜落后，人类必然会不断地克服艰难险阻，向着美好的未来开拓前进。在21世纪，世界人民虽然仍面临着许多严峻的挑战，可人类也面临着巨大的发展机遇。只要世界人民同心协力，形成战胜一切挑战的巨大力量，人类文明进步的航船就必将乘风破浪地前进。

世界是丰富多彩的。各国人民走过了不同的历史发展道路，有着不同的文化背景、社会制度和价值观念，延续着不同的生活方式。这种多样性正是世界充满竞赛、活力和创新的根本原因。各国之间应该加强交流和了解，在相互尊重和平等相待的基础上共同前进，而不应让这种多样性成为阻碍各国人民携手共进的隔阂，更不应人为地从中挑起对立和冲突。尊重和发展世界文明的多样性，并在这种多样性中找到共同利益之所在，是人类社会向前发展的伟大动力。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Inthe20thcentury,mankindcreatedmaterialandspiritualwealthunmatchedbyanyothertimeinhistory.Regrettably,itwasalsointhese100yearsthathumanityexperiencedunprecedentedhardships,particularlythehavocofthetwoworldwars.Butitisalwaysbythepeopleoftheworldthatworldhistoryismadeandwritten.Therefore,justicewillinevitablyprevailoverevil,lightoverdarknessandprogressoverbackwardness.Mankindwillundoutedlykeepovercomingdifficultiesandobstacles,blazenewtrailsandsteadilymoveforwardtoabetterfuture.Inthe21stcentury,thoughthepeopleallovertheworldarestillconfrontedwithamultitudeofformidablechallenges,theyarealsofacedwithtremendousopportunitiesfordevelopment.Aslongastheyworkasoneandconstitutepowerfulstrengththatcanprevailovereverychallenge,theshipofmankind’scivilizationandprogresswillsurelysailforwardbybravingthewindandwaves.

Theworldiscolorful.Peopleofdifferentcountrieshavetraverseddifferentroads,enjoyeddifferentculturalbackgrounds,socialsystemsandvaluesandcontinueddifferentwaysoflife.Thisdiversityisjustthefundamentalreasonforcontest,vigorandinnovationinthisworld.Allcountriesshouldstrengthentheexchangeandunderstandingamongthemandadvancetowardacommongoalonthebasisofmutualrespectandequality.Theyshouldnotallowthediversitytobeabarriertotheirmarchforward,stilllessshouldtheydeliberatelyprovokeconfrontationandconflict.Respectinganddevelopingthediversityofworldcultureinwhichacommoninterestcanbefoundisagreatmotiveforthesocialprogressofmankind.

11.单选题

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespected,becausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.)

Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane.Thedriver（

）.

问题1选项

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

问题2选项

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

问题3选项

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

问题4选项

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

问题5选项

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第三句Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard（绘图板上有两种不同的类型）可知，这两个系统正在设计中，因此选择A项“正在计划中”。B项“正在修改”，C项“现在被广泛使用”，D项“正在施工中”，均错误。

2.细节事实题。题目问special-purposelanesystem的优势。定位到第一段最后一句Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.（专用车道系统将需要对现有高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B项“它将实现最大的公路交通效率”符合题意。A项“它只需要对现有的公路做一些小的改动”，根据第一段最后一句可知应该是进行广泛的改造，故错误。C项“它有一条自动和半自动车道”和D项“它为自动化车辆提供了更多的车道”，在文中并未体现。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句：Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.（不论采用哪种设计，司机都需要在其开始行驶时或在到达自动化高速公路前确定要去的目的地，把这个信息输入车上的计算机），因此C“司机在开车上路之前，应该把目的地通知他的汽车电脑”是正确答案。A项“在它上面行驶的车辆根据目的地被分配了不同的车道”，未在文中提及；B项“在混合车道系统中，汽车可以随时加入现有交通”与文章内容相悖，因为原文第二段第二句是onsuitablyequippedroads而不是existingtraffic；D项“驾驶员应与普通车辆共用自动车道”，在第一段第四句Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.（第二个是混合交通系统：全自动车辆将与部分自动或手动驾驶的汽车共享道路），可知D项提到的情况只适用于第二种设计方案，即混合式交通系统。故A、B、D均不是答案。

4.细节事实题。题目询问从文章中我们可得知汽车____进入专用汽车车道。根据文章第二段Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp...(如果使用专门车道，汽车可以通过两种方式进入车道，汇入已有的车流中。一种方法是使用特别的入口引道……)，B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”与文章所阐述的观点一致；C项“穿过一扇特别守卫的大门”与文中的观点不符，只有在通过检测后，才能通过此门；A项“通过与常规车道上的车辆平滑合并”和D项“在所有非法闯入者被识别和清除之后”显然与文章的意思不符。

5.细节事实题。题目询问行驶在自动车道上时，司机______。根据文章最后一段Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravelthedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel，openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.（一旦汽车行驶在自动车道上，司机就不必操纵方向盘，而可以打开早报阅读或者放松一下），D项“不必紧握方向盘”与文章的观点相符。文章只是说在进入自动车道时才应该这样做，因此A项“应与新进入的车辆相协调”与文章的意思不符；B项“不必依赖他的电脑系统”和C项“应注意潜在的事故”与文章所陈述的意思相反。

12.单选题

MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.

问题1选项

A.inthejobs

B.intheworks

C.inthejob

D.inthework

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A、C、D选项均表示“在工作中”；B选项intheworks“正在准备阶段；在进行中或准备中”。句意：总部位于纽约的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席财务长迈克•迪瓦恩（MikeDevine）最近在一次会议上表示，正在酝酿一项举措。inthepipeline“在运输中；在进行中；在准备中”。B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Platosuggestedmemorywasanalogous[A]totheimpressionofmessagesonwax[B]writingtablets.ForPlato,writingonthetabletrepresentedlearningsomethingnew.Thetabletitselfwasthememorystore,andreadingthetabletslaterwasanalogousto[C]trytorecallthestoredinformation.Unfortunately,Plato’sanalogymissesanimportantcharacteristicofmemory,[D]namelythatitisselective.

问题1选项

A.to

B.writing

C.trytorecall

D.namely

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。C选项前的beanalogousto“类似于……”，后面的to是介词，后面应接名词、动名词或者代词，应将try改为trying。

14.单选题

Afterthemusichad（

）therewasastormofapplause.

问题1选项

A.diedout

B.diedhard

C.diedoff

D.diedaway

【答案】D

【解析】dieout灭绝，消失；diehard难改掉，难断气；dieoff相继死去，逐个死亡；diedaway减弱，消失。

根据句意，这里指音乐减弱直至消失，所以选项D符合句意。

15.单选题

Thesurpassingbeautyofhispaintings（

）thoseofhiscontemporaries.

问题1选项

A.besmeared

B.belittled

C.dwarfed

D.bedimmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。besmear“弄脏，涂抹”；belittle“轻视”；dwarf“使显得矮小；使相形见绌”；bedim“使······模糊”。句意：他画作的非凡的美丽使他同时代的人的那些画相形见绌。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Likemostforeigners,Iaskalotofquestions,someofwhichareinsultinglysilly.ButeveryoneI（）hasansweredthosequestionswithpatienceandhonesty.

问题1选项

A.comeacross

B.comeby

C.comeover

D.comeinto

【答案】A

【解析】comeacross偶遇，无意中发现；comeby得到，从旁边走过；comeover过来，顺便来访；comeinto进入，得到。句意：和大多数外国人一样，我也会问很多问题，其中有些问题特别愚蠢。但我遇到的每个人都耐心且诚实的回答了这些问题。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Consequently,thisyoungwomanwouldhave（）curiositybecauseshewaswelldressedandthoughnolongeragirl,shewasnotwearingblack.

问题1选项

A.risen

B.aroused

C.caused

D.woken

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risen“上升；提高”，B选项aroused“唤起”，C选项caused“引起；使遭受”，D选项woken“醒来；唤醒”，“引发了某人的好奇心”是：ariseone’scuriosity，因此B选项符合题意。句意为：因此，这个年轻的女人一定会引起人们的好奇心，因为她穿着得体，虽然不再是女孩，但也没有穿黑衣服。

18.单选题

Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness（）leftuntreated.

问题1选项

A.after

B.if

C.since

D.unless

【答案】B

【解析】考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句和主句的主语一致，则从句中的主语和be动词可以一同省略，此句省略了theillnessis。句意：这种疾病如果不加以治疗，就会导致完全失明。因此B选项正确。

19.翻译题

FROMENGLISHTOCHINESE

Happinessissometimesseenasastateofmind.ButthisisnothowAristotleregardsit.“Well-being”,asweusuallytranslatehistermforhappiness,iswhatwemightcallastateofsoul,whichforhiminvolvesnotjustaninteriorconditionofbeing,butadispositiontobehaveincertainways.AsLudwigWittgensteinonceremarked,thebestimageofthesoulisthebody.Ifyouwanttoobservesomeone’sspirit,lookatwhattheydo.HappinessforAristotleisattainedbyvirtue,andvirtueisaboveallasocialpracticeratherthananattitudeofmind.Happinessispartofapracticalwayoflife,notsomeprivateinnercontentment.

【答案】幸福有时被视为一种精神状态。但亚里士多德不这样认为。“幸福”，正如我们通常解释这个术语，我们可以看作为灵魂状态。对他来说，这不仅是个人存在的内在条件，也是一种特定的行为方式。路德维希•维特根斯坦曾说过，人的身体是灵魂的最好图画。如果你想了解某人的“灵魂”，看看他们做了什么。对亚里士多德来说，幸福是通过美德实现的。美德首先是一种社会实践，而不是一种心灵态度。幸福是实际的生活方式的一部分，不是某种私密的内在满足。

20.单选题

Ifyou（

）throughabookormagazine,youlookthroughitinacasualway.

问题1选项

A.brew

B.brood

C.bruise

D.browse

【答案】D

【解析】句意:随意地翻看书籍杂志，其实就是浏览。

考查动词辨析。Brew酿制(啤酒),沏(茶),煮(咖啡);brood焦虑,忧思(使人厌烦、担忧或不安的事);bruise(使)出现伤痕,撞伤;browse(在商店里)随便看看,浏览,翻阅。因此D符合句意。

21.不定项选择题

Remembertheconceptof“sisterhood”?Thatquaintrelicofanideathatwomenowedittootherwomentocrashthroughceilingsandnavigateamaleworld?Itjustmightbetakingnewrootinamostunexpectedplace—amongwomenwithmoney.TherearemorewomencontrollingmorewealthintheU.S.thaneverbefore.Andunlikethewomenwhoprecededthem—old-schoolpatronswhogavetothemuseumandthesymphonyandtheirdeadhusbands’almamaters—thesegiversaremorelikelytousetheirwealthdeliberatelyandsystematicallytoaidwomeninneed.

Toappreciatethemagnitudeofthischange,goback150yearsorsotothewomen’sstrugglefortherighttovote,orthesuffragemovement.Backtothetimewhenoneofitsleaders,MatildaJoslynGage,lamented:“Wehaveyettohearofawomanofwealthwhohasleftanythingforhelpinghersexgetthevote.Almosteverydailypaperheraldsthefactofsomelargebequesttocolleges,churchesandcharitiesbyrichwomen,butitiswell-knownthattheyneverrememberthewomansuffragemovementthatunderliesinimportanceallothers.”

Today,globally,morethan145funds,withassetsofnearlyhalfabilliondollars,existtoimprovethelivesofwomenandgirls.Manyfocustheireffortsdomestically;aboutathirdworkinternationally.Notoneexistedin1972whentheMs.Foundation,thefirstnationalfundforandbywomen,wasestablished.CollectivelytheynowformtheWomen’sFundingNetworkandhaveplanstoincreasetheirjointcoffersbyanotherbilliondollarsby2018,inconcertwithadrivecalledWomenMovingMillions,whichaimstoencourageindividuals,mostlywomen,todonate$1millionormore.

WomenMovingMillionsbeganwiththeliteralsisterhoodofHelenLaKellyHuntandSwaneeHunt.DaughtersofthelegendaryoilmanH.L.Hunt,theywereraised“likeSouthernbelles,”Helensays—taughtthatmoneywassomethingawoman“shouldn’tworryherprettylittleheadabout.”Asadultstheydiscoveredthepowerofphilanthropy,andaboutthreeyearsagoSwaneecalledHelenwithanoffer.“Shesaidshewasgoingtoleavemealotofmoneyinherwill,”Helensay