时文阅读理解专项训练(04) -高考英语三轮复习

时文阅读理解专项训练(04)高考英语三轮复习英语阅读训练.第页(共15页)★(一)时文摘要马达加斯加风险和灾害管理办公室当地时间2月11日晚公布的数据显示，强热带气旋“巴齐雷”已造成120人遇难，受灾人数上升至12.4万人。在遇难的120人中，有87人来自东部城市伊孔古。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. Cyclone(气旋)BatsiraiplowedintoMadagascaronSaturday,withstrongwindsandheavyrains.The

cyclone

leftatrailofdestruction,andbroughtseriousnewproblemstoMadagascar,whichisstillstrugglingafter

beingpoundedby

TropicalStorm

Anatwoweeksago. Withwindspeedsasfastas102

mph

(165

kph),BatsiraihitlandlateonSaturdaynearMananjary.Wavesashighas49feet(15meters)wereexpected.Thestormbroughtheavyrainswithit,causingseriousflooding.Batsiraitoreuptreesandknockeddownpowerlines.Thelackofelectricitymadeithardtocommunicatewiththeaffectedareas.Thestormhasleftatleast92peopledead.Over112,000peoplehavebeenforcedfromtheirhomes.Manyarelivingintemporaryshelters.Over7,500homeshavebeendestroyedandnearlyasmanywereflooded. ThedamagewasverysevereintheIkongodistrict.Agovernmentworkerrepresentingthedistrictsaid,“Mostofthehousesaremadeofearth,andwhentherearefloods,thehousesbecomelikemudandtheycollapse.”Theroadstosomehard-hitareasarestillflooded,makingithardtobringhelptothosewhoneeditthemost. LargeareasofMadagascarwerestillfloodedfromTropicalStormAna,whichhitroughlytwoweeksbefore.Thesituationisnowevenmoreserious.Thestormshaveleftmanypeoplewithoutdrinkingwaterandotherbasicthingstheyneed.Thecyclonealsowipedout

crops

thatwerenearlyreadytobepicked,whichcouldleadtofood

shortages.

Madagascar’sgovernmentisworkingtohelp.TheUnitedNationsgroupsUNICEFandtheWorldFoodProgramarealsohelpingout.1.WhichidiomcandescribethesituationofMadagascar?A

.

Good

things

come

in

pairs.B

.

Misfortunes

never

come

single.C

.

Disastershavenomercy,buthumansdo.D

.

Whendisastersstruck,helpcamefromallsides.2.What’sthesecondParagraphmainlytalkingabout?A

.

ThehighspeedofBatsirai.B

.

WavesbroughtbyBatsirai.C

.

DestructioncausedbyBatsirai.D

.

People’sopinionsaboutBatsirai.3.What’sthereasonforthecollapseofhouses?A

.

Thehousesweretemporaryshelters.B

.

Thehouseswerebuiltwithmud.C

.

Itwashardtohelppeopleinneed.D

.

Floodwaterdamagedthewallofthehouses.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?A

.

Madagascarisacountryfullofnaturaldisasters.B

.

Madagascar’sgovernmenthasnodisasterreliefplan.C

.

UNICEFandtheWorldFoodProgramensurefoodsupply.D.

Batsiraihasgreatlyinfluencedthelocalagricultureproduction.★(二)时文摘要每年春天和秋天都会有成千上万只鸟在撞上芝加哥的摩天大楼时死亡。而自20世纪70年代起，这些死鸟的很多尸体被该市的菲尔德博物馆(FieldMuseum)收集起来进行了研究。最近他们公布了他们的研究结果。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. ThousandsofbirdsdieeachspringandfallwhentheycollidewithChicago’sskyscrapers,whichlieonamajormigrationpathbetweenCanadaandLatinAmerica.Butthebirdsdon’tdieinvain.Sincethe1970s,manyofthemhavebeen

collectedfromthestreet

bythecity’sFieldMuseum.Theywere

classifiedandrecordedindetail

there.Thisuniqueanddetailedsetofdatahasbeenascientificwindfall(意外之财),revealingthatNorthAmericanmigratorybirdsappeartobeshrinking. A

newstudy

ofthisdatahashighlightedanimportanttrend:Birdsthathavebiggerbrains,relativetotheirbodysize,arenotshrinkingasmuchasthesmaller-brainedmembers

oftheir

species.Thestudyisthefirsttoidentifyapotentiallinkbetweencognitionandanimalresponsetohuman-madeclimatechange,accordingtotheresearchersfromWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.

“Astemperatureswarm,bodysizesaredecreasing,”

saidJustinBaldwin.“Butlarger-brainedspeciesaredeclininglessstronglythansmall-brainedspecies.”

Relativebrainsizeisoftenconsideredanindicator(指标)

ofbehavioralflexibilityinbirds,accordingtotheresearch.Theideaiscontroversialwhenit’sappliedtosomeotheranimals,Baldwinsaid,butitworksforbirds.“Relativebrainsizeconnectswithincreasedlearningability,increasedmemory,longerlifespansandothers,”

Baldwinsaid.

“Inthiscase,abigger-brainedspeciesofbirdmightbeabletoreduceitsexposuretowarmingtemperaturesbyseekingouthabitatswithcoolertemperatures,forexample,”

hesaid. Birdsthathadbigbrains,relativetotheirbodies,hadbody-sizereductionsthatwereonlyaboutone-thirdofthoseobservedforbirdswithsmallerbrains,thestudyfound.1.Whydidsomebirdsdieonthewayofmigration?A

.

Barriersweresetuponthemigrationpath.B

.

Theweatherbecameextremelycold.C

.

Theycrashedintothetallbuildings.D

.

Thespringandfallchangedquickly.2.Whathappenedtothedeadbirds?A

.

Theywerekeptandstudiedlateron.B

.

Theywereburiedinthesamestreets.C

.

Theyweretakenawayfromthepath.D

.

Theywereusedtoshowmigratoryway.3.Whatdidthesmaller-brainedbirdsdotoadapttotheclimatechange?A

.

Theytriedtogetsmallerweight.B

.

Theyreducedtheirbodysize.C

.

Theychosethefamiliarstreets.D

.

Theylostalltheirmembers.4.Howwillbigger-brainedbirdsprotectthemselvesfromthewarmingtemperatures?A

.

Byincreasingtheirmemory.B

.

Byhavinglongerlifespans.C

.

Byfindingcoolerhomes.D

.

Bychangingtheirbehavioralflexibility.★(三)时文摘要英国白金汉宫当地时间20日在一份声明中宣布，英国女王伊丽莎白二世新冠病毒检测呈阳性，目前症状轻微，预计女王未来一周会继续履行一些“较轻松的职责”。该声明表示：“她也将接受医疗照顾，并遵循所有适当的医疗指导。”阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. QueenElizabethIIhastestedpositiveforCOVID-19,justdaysaheadofananticipatedliftingofallpandemicrestrictionsinEngland.

Themonarch,95

yearsold,isexperiencing“mildcold-likesymptoms”

butisexpectedtocontinue“lightduties”

atWindsorCastleduringthecomingweek,BuckinghamPalacesaidinastatement.

“Shewillcontinuetoreceivemedicalattentionandwillfollowalltheappropriateguidelines,”

thestatementadded. Thequeenisthoughttohavespenttimewithheroldestsonandheir,PrinceCharles,justdaysbeforehetestedpositiveforCOVID-19forthesecondtimeonFeb10.Charles’

wifeCamilla,theduchessofCornwall,alsotestedpositiveforthevirusonFeb14. Thequeen’shealthhasbeenaconcernsinceOctober,whenshecancelledatriptoNorthernIrelandandwasadmittedtohospital.Shefolloweddoctors’

orderstorestforseveralmonths,beforetakinguppublicengagementsagainatthebeginningofFebruary,whensheattendedacharityevent.

OnFeb6,thequeenbecamethefirstBritishmonarchtocelebrateaPlatinumJubilee(白金禧年),marking70yearsonthethrone.Variouseventsareplannedforlaterintheyeartomarktheoccasion,culminatinginaseriesofcelebrationsduringaspecialfour-dayholidayweekendinJune. UKPrimeMinisterBorisJohnsonreactedtothequeen’sdiagnosisonTwitteronSundayafternoon.

“I’msureIspeakforeveryoneinwishingHerMajestytheQueenaswiftrecoveryfromCOVIDandarapidreturntovibrantgoodhealth,”

hesaid. Earlier,Johnsonhadconfirmedthegovernmentplanstoreleaseitsso-calledplanforlivingwithCOVID-19thisweek.LondonisexpectedtoliftallCOVID-19restrictionsfromasearlyasThursday,includingthescrapping(废除)

ofalawthatrequirespeopletoself-isolateforaminimumoffivedaysfollowingapositiveCOVID-19test.1.What’sthequeen’shealthconditionnowaccordingtothepassage?A

.

Sheactsasifnothinghasoccurred.B

.

Sheseemstojusthavecaughtacold.C

.

Shehastoreceivemedicalattentioninhospital.D

.

SheishavingacompleterestatWindsorCastle.2.Whowasmostlikelytospreadthevirustothequeen?A

.

Camilla.B

.

Herhusband.C

.

PrinceCharles.D

.

BorisJohnson.3.WhathadthequeendonebeforeshetestedpositiveforCOVID-19?A

.

Shehadattendedacharityevent.B

.

ShehadcelebratedthePlatinumJubilee.C

.

ShehadgoneonatriptoNorthernIreland.D

.

ShehadspenttimewithPrinceCharlesandCamilla.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A

.

ThequeenissurelytorecoverfromCOVIDsoon.B

.

BorisJohnsoncaresnothingaboutthequeen’sdiagnosis.C

.

TheBritisharenowlivingaccordingtotheso-calledplan.D

.

Peopletestingpositiveforthevirusmustbeisolatednow.★(四)时文摘要1992年，西班牙加利西亚的五个村庄被故意淹没，当时一条河被拦下，形成了一个大型水库。现在，由于干旱，低水位暴露了其中一个村庄的大部分，像幽灵村一样从水里冒出来。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. In1992,fivevillagesinGalicia,Spainwerefloodedonpurposewhenariverwas

dammed

uptocreatealarge

reservoir.

Itwaspartofabigplantobuildupalargebodyofwatertogenerate

electric

power.TheprojectwasdevelopedbythegovernmentsofSpainandPortugal,butthedamisownedandrunbyaPortuguesecompany.

Asthevillages

wouldbe

completely

flooded

bytheAltoLindosoDam,

villagersnaturally

weren’ttoohappyabouttheplan.Butaftermorethanhalfofthemagreedtoleave,therestofthevillagerswereforcedtojointhem.Whenthedam’sgateswereclosed,thevillagesslowlydisappearedunderthewater. Like

manyplaces

around

the

world,Galiciaisstrugglingwithadrought.Asthislongdryperiodhasgoneonandon,thelevelofwaterinthereservoir

hasbeensteadilydropping.

Lowlevelsofwaterhaverevealedmuchofoneofthosevillages,risingoutofthewaterlikeaghostvillage. ByNovember,partsofthevillageweredryenoughforpeopletobeginwalkingaroundinitagain.Theywereshockedtofindmanythingsleftexactlyastheyhadbeen30yearsago.

Manybuildingsarestillstanding,evenifsomeoftheirroofshavefallenin.It’struethatmetalhasrusted

andwoodhasrottedaway.

Butinsomeplaces,therearestilleverydayitemsaround,asiftheyhadbeenleftmomentsago,insteadof30yearsago.There’sevenawaterfountainthatstillhaswatercomingoutofit. SomeoftheearliestvisitorstoAceredowerepeoplewhousedtolivetherelongago.Now,Aceredohasbecomeapopularspotwithtourists.Ithasbecomesopopularthatthecompanythatownsthedamhasaskedthenearbytownstotrytolimitthenumberoftouristsgoing

there.

Butthelackofwaterhasbroughtevenbiggerproblemsforthedam.OnFebruary1,Portugal’sgovernmenttoldthedamownerstostopusingthewaterfromthereservoiralmostcompletely.1.Whydidthevillagesdisappearunderthewater?A

.

AnaccidenthappenedtotheAltoLindosoDam.B

.

Adamwasbuilttostorewatertoproduceelectricity.C

.

Morethanhalfofthevillagersmovedfromthere.D

.

GovernmentsofSpainandPortugaldevelopedtourism.2.Whydidoneofthevillagesreappear?A

.

Adroughthappened.B

.

Itbecameaghostvillage.C

.

Thereservoirhaslesswater.D

.

Peoplewanttowalkaroundinit.3.WhatkindofviewofAceredocanpeopleseenow?A.

Itpresentsanaturalbeauty.B

.

Thingsareallofvariousstrangeshapes.C

.

Manythingsarerelativelywellpreserved.D

.

Everythingisexcellentwithoutdamage.4.Whichofthefollowingmightbetheworstnewstothedamowners?A

.

Thedamwillbepermanentlyabandoned.B

.

Thedroughttherewillcontinueforsometime.C

.

Moreandmoretouristswillcometovisitthedam.D

.

Thecompanyarenotallowedtousewaterinthereservoir.★(五)时文摘要位于美国华盛顿的史密森尼国家动物园宣布，从3月16日起至8月27日，该园将举办丰富多彩的系列活动，隆重庆祝大熊猫抵美50周年。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. TheSmithsonianNationalZooinWashingtonkickedoffasix-monthcelebrationonMarch16ofthe50thanniversaryofthearrivaloftwogiantpandas,celebratingtheclosecooperationbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesinpandaexchangesandpreservation.

ThefirstpandasfromChinaintheUS－LingLingandHsingHsing－arrivedattheSmithsonianNationalZooandConservationBiologyInstituteonApril16,1972.“Wearegoingtohavesixmonthsofcelebrationsbothonlineandatthezoo.Peoplecancometoseethecubs(幼崽)andthemomanddad,”

BrandieSmith,directorofthenationalzoo,said.

Smithsaidoneofthehighlights

willbea“screening

ofthefilm,

TheMiraclePanda,whichisourstoryofthegiantpandasatthenationalzoo.AndwealsoaregoingtohaveaneventwiththeChineseembassy(大使馆).Theembassyisgoingtocomeandprovidetreatsforpeopleastheyseethepandas.”

Thedocumentary

TheMiraclePanda,bytheSmithsonianChannel,willbescreened

foralimitedtimeatthezoo’sVisitorCenterTheateronApril16and17. AnnalisaMeyer,thezoo’sdeputydirectorofcommunications,saidthecelebrationswillrunthroughAugust

27.Thezoowillholdonlineevents,aswellason-siteeventsonApril8and21.

AlsoonApril16,from9amto2pm,visitorscanenjoyliondanceperformances,panda-shapedBaobunsandcalligraphydemonstrations.Theyalsocanspeakwiththezoo’sscientistswhostudygiantpandabiologyandecology,andtheycanwatchthepandasreceivespecialtreats. TheGiantPandaFamilyTreePhotoGalleryintheoutdoorgiantpandaexhibithasalreadybeensetup,allowingvisitorstoexplorethezoo’ssuccessfulgiantpandabreedingprogramandtofollowhowcubsbornatthezoocontributetotheirspecies’

survivalinChina.1.WhateventtookplaceinhistoryofWashington50yearsago?A

.

Chinahelpedthelocalnationalzoosetupapandahouse.B

.

TheUSexchangedthepandaswithChinathroughazoo.C

.

China’spandasfirstenteredtheSmithsonianNationalZoo.D

.

ChinaandtheUSstartedaresearchintothegiantpandas.2.WhatisthefilmTheMiraclePandamainlyabout?A

.

Somethingaboutthecelebrationsinthepast.B

.

Thepanda’slongjourneyfromChinatotheUS.C

.

TheChineseembassy’sactivitiesforthepandas.D

.

Whathappenedtothegiantpandasinthenationalzoo.3.Howlongwillthecelebrationslastaccordingtothepassage?A

.

Forabout165days.B

.

Forabout160days.C

.

Forabout145days.D

.

Forabout140days.4.WhatCAN’Tvisitorsinvolvethemselvesinduringthezoo’scelebrations?A

.

Enjoyfoodandperformances.B

.

Receivespecialtreatsinthezoo.C

.

Communicatewiththezoo’sscientists.D

.

Enjoyagalleryaboutthepandafamily.【答案解析】★(一)1.B推理判断题。根据第一段可知，强热带气旋“巴齐雷”进入马达加斯加，留下了严重破坏的痕迹，而两周前该国就遭受过热带风暴安娜的袭击，并且仍在苦苦挣扎中。这正应了那句话：祸不单行。故选B。2.C主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Batsiraitoreuptreesandknockeddownpowerlines.”以及最后四句可知，“巴齐雷”撕毁了树木，推倒了电线并且造成了至少92人死亡，11万人被迫撤离。由此可见本段主要描述“巴齐雷”带来的破坏。故选C。3.D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Mostofthehousesaremadeofearth,andwhentherearefloods,thehousesbecomelikemudandtheycollapse.”可知，大多数房屋都是由泥土建造的，一旦发生洪水，房屋就会像泥一样坍塌。由此可知是洪水破坏了房屋的墙体，导致了房屋坍塌。故选D。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thecyclonealsowipedout

crops

thatwerenearlyreadytobepicked,whichcouldleadtofood

shortages”可知，气旋摧毁了几乎可以收割的庄稼，这可能导致粮食短缺。由此说明“巴齐雷”已严重影响了当地的农业生产。故选D。★(二)1.C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的“whentheycollidewithChicago’sskyscrapers”可知这些鸟在迁徙途中会撞上芝加哥的一些摩天大楼。故选C。2.A推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句的“Sincethe1970s,manyofthemhavebeen

collectedfromthestreetbythecity’sFieldMuseum.Theywereclassifiedandrecordedindetailthere.”可知这些死鸟的尸体被保存起来进行了分类研究。故选A。3.B推理判断题。根据第二段的“Astemperatureswarm,bodysizesaredecreasing,”saidJustinBaldwin.“Butlarger-brainedspeciesaredeclininglessstronglythansmall-brainedspecies.”可知这些大脑较小的鸟通过缩小体型来适应气候变暖。故选B。4.C细节理解题。根据第三段的“abigger-brainedspeciesofbirdmightbeabletoreduceitsexposuretowarmingtemperaturesbyseekingouthabitatswithcoolertemperatures”可知，头脑较大的鸟类可能会通过寻找温度较低的栖息地来减少它们暴露在变暖的温度下。故选C。★(三)1.B细节理解题。根据第一段的“Themonarch(君主),whois95yearsold,isexperiencing‘mildcold-likesymptoms’…”可知，女王正在经历“轻度感冒样症状”，故选B。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段的“Thequeenisthoughttohavespenttimewithheroldestsonandheir,PrinceCharles,justdaysbeforehetestedpositiveforCOVID-19forthesecondtimeonFeb10.”可知，女王与她的长子和继承人查尔斯王子度过了几天时光，而查尔斯王子本人2月10日再次被确诊感染新冠。由此推断最有可能是查尔斯王子把病毒传染给了女王。故选C。3.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“S