四级阅读专项训练

四级阅读专项训练四级阅读专项训练四级阅读专项训练四级阅读专项训练编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:专项一、BeautyandBodyImageintheMediaImagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women—andtheirbodyparts—selleverythingfromfoodtocars.Popularfilmandtelevisionactressesarebecomingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknowntofaintonthesetfromlackoffood.Women’smagazinesarefullofarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethoselasttwentypounds,they’llhaveitall—theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,greatsex,andarewardingcareer.Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodelsTheroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.Andit’snoaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey’reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen’sHealthinits2001report.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight).Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.

TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol—includingfasting,skippingmeals,excessiveexercise,laxative(泻药)abuse,andself-inducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:theCanadianWomen’sHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsasyoungas5and6.Americanstatisticsarestudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemannandLevinaClarkin2006titled“AppearanceCultureinNine-to12-Year-OldGirls:MediaandPeerInfluencesonBodyDissatisfaction,”indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresulthaveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In2003,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.

MediaactivistJeanKilbourneconcludesthat,“Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadandthetelevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.”

UnattainableBeauty

Perhapsmostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmallnumberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,forexample,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbetoonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywouldsufferfromchronicdiarrhea(慢性腹泻)andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,PresidentofMattel(whichmanufacturesBarbie),estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.

Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycansufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.In2006itwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomenwereaffectedbyaneatingdisorder.

TheCultureofThinness

Researchersreportthatwomen’smagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweightlossthanmen’smagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazinesincludeatleastonemessageabouthowtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery.

Televisionandmoviesreinforcetheimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawoman’sworth.CanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesareunderweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies(“Howaboutwearingasack”),and80percentofthesenegativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.

Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck(抵制，反抗)thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebecmagazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandChâtelainehaspledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworld’sbiggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin2006.FurthermoreSpainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaserbeamisusedtomeasurereallifewomen’sbodiesinordertofindthemosttruetolifemeasurement.

Ethics

Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.A2008studyconductedbyJuanitaCovertandTravisDixontitled“AChangingView:RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenofColorinMainstreamWomen’sMagazines”foundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationofwomenofcolour,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomen’smagazinesfrom1999to2004.Self-ImprovementorSelf-Destruction？

Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeautytells“ordinary”womenthattheyarealwaysinneedofadjustment—andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected.

JeanKilbournearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatrealwomen’sbodieshavebecomeinvisibleinthemassmedia.Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmanywomeninternalizethesestereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustry’sstandards.Womenlearntocomparethemselvestootherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention.Thisfocusonbeautyanddesirability“effectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.”

1.Women’smagazinesarefullofarticlestourgewomento___________.

A)eatlesssweetfoodC)marryarichhusband

B)loseweightD)haveatleasttwokids2.Thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesgainprofitsby____________.A)exaggeratingthegoodnessabouttheirproductsB)targetingatchildrenandfemalesC)presentinganidealimagedifficulttoachieveD)distributingfreesamplesfromhometohome3.CanadianWomen’shealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirls_____________.

A)atage5or6C)atage13or14

B)atage9or10D)atage16or174.In2003,Teenmagazinereportedthat____________percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.

A)35to50C)50to70

B)50D)905.ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswould_____________.

A)sufferfromheartdiseaseC)liveamorerewardinglife

B)beverypopularwithmalesD)diefrommalnutrition6.Televisionandmoviesemphasizethatawoman’sworthcanbejudgedby_____________.

A)thecosmeticssheusesC)thethinnessofherbody

B)thejewelryshewearsD)thewealthofherhusband7.Spainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectto_____________.A)includefull-sizedwomeninitsfashionmagazinesB)standardizeclothingsizesC)banultra-thinmodelsfromtherunwayD)promoteweightlossamongmen8.Inmainstreamwomen’smagazinesfrom1999to2004,______________wereoverrepresented.9.JeanKilbourneconcludesthatmanywomenjudgethemselvesby_______________________.10.Thefocuson___________________________destroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethetrend.Wecallitthe"commoncold"forgoodreason.ThereareoveronebillioncoldsintheUnitedStateseachyear.Youandyourchildrenwillprobablyhavemorecoldsthananyothertypeof1.Childrenaveragethreetoeightcoldsperyear.Theycontinuegettingthem2childhood.Parentsoftengetthemfromthekids.Coldsarethemostcommonreasonthatchildren3schoolandparentsmisswork.

Childrenusuallygetcoldsfromotherchildren.Whenanew4isintroducedintoaschoolorday5,itquicklytravelsthroughtheclass.

Coldscan6year-round,buttheyoccurmostlyinthewinter(eveninareaswithmildwinters).Inareaswherethereisnowinter,coldsaremost7duringtherainyseason.

Whensomeonehasacold,hisrunnynoseisteemingwith(充满)cold8.Sneezing,nose-blowing,andnose-wipingspreadthevirus.Youcan9acoldbyinhaling（吸入）thevirusifyouaresittingclosetosomeonewhosneezes,orby10yournose,eyes,ormouthafteryouhavetouchedsomethingcontaminated(污染的)bythevirus.

Peoplearemostcontagious(会感染的)forthefirst2to3daysofacold,andusuallynotcontagiousatallbyday7to10.

A)careI)catchB)throughoutJ)movingC)touchingK)strainD)occur

L)illnessE)abuseM)missF)sensationN)commonG)tensionO)byH)virusesTherearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyonadailygoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossibleshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangemightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveraltimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadnasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.long-termgoalsmeanalot______.wecompleteourshort-rangegoalswecannotreachsolidshort-termgoalswewritedownthedatesweputforwardsomeplansshort-termgoalsarebulidupon______.yearsgoalsactivitiesgoalsthathavebeencompletedwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,______.willwinfinalsuccessareoverwhelmedshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccessshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoalsourgoalsaredrawnup,_______.shouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethemmaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunitieshadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccesshavemadegreatdecisionisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat______.whohabelong-termgoalswillsucceeddownthedatesmaydiscourageyougoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesinationshouldhaveagoalTheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950’s,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWar2.Thecountry’sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthatitwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthemid-1920’s.Asfarmer’sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassagea.TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950’sb.TheUnemploymentRateof1950’sc..Economyinthe50’sd.TheFederalBudgetof19522.InLine3,theword“boom”couldbestbereplacedby______.a.nearbyexplosionb.thunderousnoisec.generalpublicsupportd.rapideconomicgrowth3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof_________.a.confidenceb.confusionc.disappointmentd.suspicion4.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe1950’sa.Economistsb.Frmaersc.Politiciansd.Steelworkers5.Thepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendinginthe.wasgreaterin1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasita.60％b.50％c.33％d.90％专项二AnimalsontheMove

Itlookedlikeascenefrom“Jaws”butwithoutthedramaticmusic.Ahugesharkwaslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstailswingingbackandforthlikethependulumofaclock。Suddenlysensitivenerveendingintheshark’sskinpickedupvibrationsofastrugglingfish.Thesharkwasimmediatelytransformedintoadeadly,efficientmachineofdeath.Withmusclestaut,thesharkknifedthroughthewateratarapidspeed.Inaflashthesharkcaughtitsvictim,alargefish,initspowerfuljaws.Then,jerkingitsheadbackandforth,thesharktorehugechunksoffleshfromitsvictimandswallowedthem.Soontheactionwasover。MovingtoSurviveInpursuingitsprey,thesharkdemonstratedinadramaticwaytheimportantroleofmovement,orlocomotion,inanimals。Liketheshark,mostanimalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,andexplorenewterritories.Themethodsoflocomotionincludecrawling,hopping,slithering,flying,swimming,orwalking。Humanshavetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutinjustaboutanykindofenvironment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.However,forotheranimalsmovementcameaboutnaturallythroughmillionsofyearsofevolution.Oneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofanimallocomotionisthatoftheshark.Itsabilitytoquicklyzeroinonitspreyhasalwaysimpressedscientists.ButittookadetailedstudybyDukeUniversitymarinebiologistsS.A.Wainwright,F.Vosburgh,andJ.H.Hebranktofindouthowthesharksdidit.IntheirstudythescientistsobservedsharksswimminginatankatMarinelandinSaintAugustine,Fla.Moviesweretakenofthesharks’movementsandanalyzed.Studieswerealsomadeofsharkskinandmuscle。SkinIstheKey

Thebiologistsdiscoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimal’shighefficiencyinswimmingthroughthewater.Theskincontainsmanyfibersthatcrisscrossliketheinsideofabeltedradialtire.Thefibersarecalledcollagenfibers.Thesefiberscaneitherstoreorreleaselargeamountsofenergydependingonwhetherthefibersarerelaxedortaut.Whenthefibersarestretched,energyisstoredinthemthewayenergyisstoredinthestringofabowwhenpulledtight.Whentheenergyisreleased,thefibersbecomerelaxed。

TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretchingoccurswherethesharkbendsitsbodywhileswimming.Duringthebody’sbackandforthmotion,fibersalongtheoutsidepartofthebendingbodystretchgreatly.Muchpotentialenergyisstoredinthefibers.Thisenergyisreleasedwhentheshark’sbodysnapsbacktheotherway。

Asenergyisalternatelystoredandreleasedonbothsidesoftheanimal’sbody,thetailwhipsstronglybackandforth.Thiswhip-likeactionpropelstheanimalthroughthewaterlikealivingbullet。

SourceofEnergy

WhatcausesthefiberstostoresomuchenergyInfindingtheanswertheDukeUniversityscientistslearnedthattheshark’ssimilaritytoabeltedradialtiredoesn’tstopwiththeskin.Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,too,istheareajustundertheshark’scollagen“radials”.Insteadofairpressure,however,thepressureinthesharkmaybeduetotheforceofthebloodpressingonthecollagenfibers。

Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelativelylow.Thefibersaremorerelaxed,andthesharkisabletobenditsbodyatsharpangles.Theanimalswimsthiswaywhenlookingaroundforfoodorjustswimming.However,whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,somefantasticinvoluntarychangestakeplace。

Thepressureinsidetheanimalmayincreaseby10times.Thispressurechangegreatlystretchesthefibers,enablingmuchenergytobestored。

Thisenergyisthentransferredtothetail,andthesharkisoff.Therestofthestoryispredictable。

DolphinHasSpeedRecord

Anotherfastmarineanimalisthedolphin.Thisseagoingmammalhasbeenclockedatspeedsof32kilometers(20miles)anhour.Biologistsstudyingthedolphinhavediscoveredthat,liketheshark,theanimal’sefficientlocomotioncanbetracedtoitsskin.Adolphin’sskinismadeupinsuchawaythatitoffersverylittleresistancetothewaterflowingoverit.Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,thewaterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminarflow.However,atfasterspeedsthewaterbecomesmoreturbulentalongthemovingfish.Thisturbulencemusesfrictionandslowsthefishdown。

Inadolphintheskinissoflexiblethatitbendsandyieldstothewavinessofthewater。

Thewaves,ineffect,becometuckedintotheskin’sfolds.Thisallowstherestofthewatertomovesmoothlybyinalaminarflow.Whereotheranimalswouldbeslowedbyturbulentwateratrapidspeeds,thedolphincanracethroughthewateratrecordbreakingspeeds。

OtherAnimalsLessEfficient

Notallanimalsmoveasefficientlyassharksanddolphins.Perhapsthegreatestloserinlocomotionefficiencyistheslug.Theslug,whichlookslikeasnailwithoutashell,laysdownaslimytrailoverwhichitcrawls.Itusessomuchenergyproducingtheslimymucusandcrawlingoveritthatamousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy。

Scientistssaythatbecauseoftheslug’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustberestricted.Thatis,theanimalsareforcedtoconfinethemselvestosmallareasforobtainingfoodandfindingproperlivingconditions.Havehumanseverbeenfacedwiththiskindofproblem？

tothepassage,asharkcanusemovementtodosomethingexcept______________。

［A］tofindfood

［B］toavoidbeingchasedbyitsenemies

［C］tofindanewplacetolive

［D］toshowitsbraveness

ofautomobiles,rocketsandsubmarinesareusedtoshowthat_______________。

［A］humansarethemostcleverlivingcreaturesintheworld

［B］humaninventionsenableustotravelinalmostanykindofenvironment

［C］humansareverysuccessfulininventingtransportationtools

［D］humanscan’tmovelikeotheranimalsinanycircumstances

isthekeytotheshark’sswiftlocomotioninwater？

［A］Theskin.［B］Thetail.［C］Themuscle.［D］Thejaw。

totheDukeUniversityscientists,whendoesthesharkstretchitstothegreatestextent？

［A］Whenmovingitstailrapidly。

［B］Whenfindingitspreys。

［C］Whenstayingwithoutanymovement。

［D］Whenbendingitsbodyinswimming。

istheareajustundertheshark’scollagenfiberssimilartoabeltedradialtire？

［A］Becauseitisalsofullofbloodpressure。

［B］Becauseitisalsofilledofairpressure。

［C］Becauseitisalsoinflatedbypressure。

［D］Becauseitalsocanbeusedagainandagain。

laminarflowisformedwhenafishswims________________。

［A］slowlythroughthewater［B］rapidlythroughthewater

［C］againstthecurrent［D］atthefastestspeedinwater

theequalamountofenergyasaslugdoes,amousecantravelaslongasit______________。

［A］onetwelfthtimes.［B］thesame.［C］12times.［D］times。

sharkfindsitspreyby________________。

tothepassage,_______________canbecomparedtothestringofabowforbothofthemstoreenergywhenstretched。

thesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,__________________________takeplace。

Themainenergyfoodsarethecarbohydrates{碳水化合物}。Thesearesugarsandstarch{淀粉}.Wheatandricearerichinstarchandfruitsandvegetablescontain__amountofsugar,honeyandjamarealsorichinsugar.

Likecarbohydratesfatsarefoodthatprovidesenergy.Butter,certaintypesoffish,eggsarerichinfats.fatscanbestoredinvariouspartsofthebodyas___

ofenergy.Becausefatsingeneralareslowly___,theysatisfyhungerforlongperiods.

Proteins{蛋白质}areverycomplex___.Thebodyneedsproteinsforthegrowthofnewcellsandfortherepairand___ofoldcells.Foodsrichinproteinsare___toabalanceddiet.

Milk,somevegetables,meat,chicken,fish,cheesearesomefoodsrichinproteins.

Agooddietwillcertaina___offoodssothatthebodycontainsallthemineralsItneedsforgoodhealth.

Vitaminsarenecessaryforthe___workingofthebody.Water___upabout70percentoftheweightofthehumanbody.Theaverageadultneedsabouttwolitersofwaterdailytoreplacethewaterthebody___.

A

loosen

I

induced

B

variety

J

identicalC

makes

K

reserves

D

proper

L

digested

E

loses

M

considerable

F

preserves

N

diversity

G

essential

O

replacement

H

substancesWomenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausetherearesofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportblastingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadminitrationfornotencouragingUniversitywasratedamongthelowestforthea1987update,Milburncommendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwomenofavailableadministrativejobs.CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditisimportantthatwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttoriseintheranks.Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforhertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonherwork.UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityandallacademia,inequitieswillexist."WomenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareimportanthereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulinthistheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthesexualdiscriminationthattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."toSpirduso,womenneedto____.areportonsexualdiscriminationforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditionstheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscriminationmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivitiesthispassage,weknowthat_____.aremanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexasplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversityweatheronthecampusischillymakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityofthefollowingstatementsistruenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthatof1985numberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthatof1985numberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985andmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexitintheUniversityofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat_____.weretoldtoconcentrateonteirworkweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobswereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversitywereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities5.Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe_______.UniversityofTexas'sReportProfessorsDiscriminationinAcademiaToday,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000.adlescentswillsmoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30precent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceededthatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticis,severalrecentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNaionalCancerInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasurestoreducesmokingleveslamongyouth.totheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby_____.accidentsdeseaseofthesedaythereareover_____highschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregularsmoker."dropout"theauthormeans______.whofailedtheexaminationwholeftschoolwholosttheirwaywhoweredrivenoutofschoolreasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingis