考研考博-英语-南昌大学共青学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌大学共青学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Withmorethan150milesofvirtuallynowaterfallsorrapids,theHudsonRiverextendsinlandfrom（

）,theAtlanticOcean.

问题1选项

A.thesourceof

B.whereitssource

C.itssource

D.fromwhichitssourceis

【答案】C

【解析】语法（同位语）题。分析题干可知，空格后的theAtlanticOcean是空格的同位语，所以排除A选项和D选项;B选项的its为物主代词，与后面的名词source构成主语，那就缺少谓语成分，所以B选项排除，所以答案为C选项。

2.单选题

Mostpeoplebelievethatthestudyofanothernation,itssocietyandculture,canbenotonlyfascinatingbutalso（）.

问题1选项

A.beneficial

B.benefit

C.benefiting

D.beneficent

【答案】A

【解析】考查同根词辨析。A选项beneficial“有利的，有用的”；B选项benefit“使受益”；C选项benefiting“benefit的现在分词”；D选项beneficent“有裨益的，慈善的”。句意：大多数人认为，研究另一个国家，及其社会和文化，不仅是有趣的，而且是有益的。这里考查benefit的各种变体，notonly…butalso连接fascinating(极有吸引力的，迷人的)和空格，因此空格处应填入与fascinating相近且并列的词，故选A。

3.单选题

ItoldhimthatIwould（

）himtoactformewhileIwasawayfromoffice.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.authorize

C.rationalize

D.justify

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。identify“确定；鉴定”；authorize“批准，认可；授权给”；rationalize“使……合理化”；justify“证明...是正当的；替”。句意：我告诉他在我不在办公室期间，我会授权他代表我。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon（）.

问题1选项

A.response

B.impulse

C.instinct

D.consciousness

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项response“反应，回答”；B选项impulse“冲动”；C选项instinct“本能，直觉”；D选项consciousness“意识，知觉”。句意：人类的行为主要是学习的产物，而动物的行为主要依靠本能。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Thecitywasunpreparedwhenthe______dangerofhurricanesbecamereality,bringingdestructivewavesthat______everythingintheirpath.

问题1选项

A.ambivalent…detracted

B.profound…assuaged

C.colloquial…supplanted

D.hypothetical…obliterated

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ambivalent…detracted矛盾的，好恶相克的……转移，使分心B.profound…assuaged深厚的……平息，缓和

C.colloquial…supplanted通俗的，口语的……代替，排挤掉D.hypothetical…obliterated假设的，爱猜想的……消灭，冲刷

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词和动词辨析。

【解题思路】第一个空格根据后面的becamereality（成为现实）可知，hypothetical符合句意；第二个空格根据destructivewaves（毁灭性的波涛）可知，______everythingintheirpath表示的是“冲刷着道路上的一切”。因此，该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】当人们假设的飓风的危险变为现实时，这座城市还没有做好准备，毁灭性的波涛冲刷着他们道路上的一切。

6.单选题

Ifweallenduptryingtobesavers,theglobaleconomywilltiltmoreheavilytowardsprotectionismandrecession.

问题1选项

A.favor

B.proceed

C.lean

D.extend

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.favor优惠，特别照顾，偏袒B.proceed继续做（或从事、进行）

C.lean倾斜D.extend使伸长；扩大

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】tilt的意思为“使向……倾斜，偏向”，指的是保护主义和经济衰退会变得更加严重的倾向，lean与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】如果我们最终都试图成为储蓄者，全球经济将更严重地偏向保护主义和衰退。

7.单选题

Bothpartiespromisedto（

）thecontracttobesignedthefollowingday.

问题1选项

A.keepwith

B.tanglewith

C.adhereto

D.devoteto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。keepwith意为“陪伴”；tanglewith意为“与……吵架，与……争论”；adhereto意为“遵循，依附，坚持”；devoteto意为“专用于做……，专心于做……”。

句意：双方都承诺遵守次日将要签署的合约。

8.单选题

Musicistheresultofthoughtintheformofattitude,orstance.Thereisnoonewayofthinking,sincemen’svaluesareasscatteredanddissimilarasindividualmenthemselves.Ifblackmusiccanbeseenastheresultofcertainattitudes,certainspecificwaysofthinkingabouttheworld,thenmybasichypothesisaboutmusicisunderstood.Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangedthatseemsmostimportanttome.

WhenjazzfirstbegantoappearontheAmericansceneduringthetwenties,inoneformoranother,itwasintroducedinmanyinstancesbywhiteAmericans.Yetitsoriginalconceptionanditsmostvitaldevelopmentweretheresultofcertainattitudes,orempiricalideas,attributabletotheAfro-Americanculture.Jazzasplayedbywhitemusicianswasnotthesameasthatplayedbyblackmusiciansnorwasthereanyreasonforittobe.Themusicofthewhitejazzmusicianwas,atitsmostprofound,alearnedart.

Theblues,forexample,whichItaketobeanautonomousblackmusic,waspracticallyignoredinpre-jazzwhiteAmericanculture.Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.

Thus,thetrumpetsofBixBeiderbeckeandLouisArmstrongwereverydissimilar.Thewhitemiddle-classboyfromLowawasaninbornintellectualandhadanemotionallifethatwasbasedonhisconsciousorunconsciousdisapprovalofmostoftheritualofhisculture.OntheotherhandArmstrongwas,intermsofanemotionalarchetype,anhonoredpriestofhisculture.Hewasnotrebellingagainstanythingwithhismusic.TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;Beiderbecke,becauseofhisisolationanddeviationfrommassculture;andArmstrong,becauseofthesocio-historicalseparationoftheblackmanfromtherestofAmerican.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheunderlyingideaofthepassage?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenbluesandjazzinAmericanculturewouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Thetoneoftheauthor’sdiscussionofthebluesisprimarilyoneof（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,BeiderbeckeandArmstrongweresimilarinwhichofthefollowing?

5.TheauthorimpliesthatthekindsofmusicproducedbyBeiderbeckeandArmstrongdiffergreatlybecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseofenvironmentalinfluences,themusicofblackandwhiteartistsmustbeverydifferent.

B.Becauseitistheresultofthought,themusicofblackartistscanbelearnedbywhitemusicians.

C.Becausejazzisprimarilyamusicalformcreatedoninspiration,itisdifficultforonemusiciantocopythestyleofanother.

D.Becausemusichassocialsignificance,itsinfluenceonblackwhiterelationsshouldnotbeunderestimated.

问题2选项

A.JazzplacedmoreemphasisonAfro-Americanculturethandidtheblues

B.JazzchangedtheattitudesofwhitemusicianstowardAfro-Americanculture.

C.Jazzwasbasedonthebluesattitude,butexpresseditinamannerthatwascomprehensibletowhitemusicians.

D.Jazzwasaformofmusicthathadtobeunderstoodinordertobeplayed,whereastheblueshadtobelearned.

问题3选项

A.indifference

B.appreciation

C.curiosity

D.uncertainty

问题4选项

A.Theattitudestheybroughttotheirmusic.

B.Theirabilitytoreflectotherculturesintheirmusic.

C.Theirrelationshipstotheculturesoftheirancestors.

D.ThepositionstheycametoholdinAmericansociety.

问题5选项

A.theattitudesofblacksandwhitesasreflectedintheirmusicarenecessarilydifferent.

B.Beiderbecke’sintellectualismhamperedhisdevelopmentasamusician.

C.rebellionactedasadestructiveforceonBeiderbecke’sperformance.

D.ArmstrongwaswellestablishedasaperformerandBeiderbeckewasnot

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段倒数第二句为本文的主旨句“Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.”黑人的音乐随着他的改变而改变,反映了在变化的环境中态度的转变或态度的一致。这里的“contexts”指的是环境,所以选项A由于环境的影响,黑人和白人艺术家的音乐一定是非常不同的,符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.”爵士乐运用蓝调“态度”的方式提供了一个白人音乐家可以理解的音乐,因此他可以创造出一种风格的爵士乐。选项C符合原文。

3.观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知,作者认为蓝调是爵士乐中极为重要的一部分。由此可知,作者的态度是支持的,赞赏的。选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“BeiderbeckeandArmstrong”定位到最后一段,“TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;”令人难以置信的讽刺是,在美国社会的上层建筑中,这两个人所处的位置是相似的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后几句以及第四段的首句可知,Beiderbecke和Armstrong创作的音乐类型不同是因为黑人和白人对待音乐的态度是不同的,所以选项A正确。

9.单选题

TheUnitedNationsdeclaredlastFridaythatSomalia’sfamineisover.Buttheofficialdeclaration

meanslittletothemillionsofSomaliswhoarestillhungryandwaitingfortheircropstogrow.

KenMenkhaus,professorofpoliticalscienceatDavidsonCollege,saiditwasprofoundlydisappointingtobediscussinganotherSomalifamine,afterheworkedinthecountryduringthe1991-1992one.Eachfamine,hesaid,hasdistinctcharacteristics,andthisoneunfoldinslowmotionoverthepastcoupleofyears.That’satleastpartlybecausetheSomalidiasporasentmoneyhomethatdelayedtheworsteffects.

MenkhauswasamongfourexpertsonSomaliaandfaminewhospokeattheRadcliffeGymMondayeveningandgatheredfortheevent,“SoundtheHom:FamineintheHomofAfrica.”PaulFarmer,KolokotronesUniversityProfessorofGlobalHealthandSocialMedicine,drewonhisexperiencetreatingmalnourishedpeopleinHaiti，wherehehasworkedfordecade，andsaidthehumanandsocialcontextofhome,andaidtofamiliesshouldbepartofwearingthechild,hesaid.Similarly,broaderagriculturalinterventionsandfairtradepoliciesareneededtoboostlocalagriculturaleconomies.

Thoughfamineisoftenthoughtofasanaturaldisaster,Monday’sspeakerssaidthatisafalseimpression.ThoughSomaliasufferedthroughaseveredrought,withtoday’sinstantcommunications,transportsystemscanmovemassiveamountsoffood.Giventoday’sglobalfoodmarkets,famineistoooftenafailureoflocalgovernmentandinternationalresponse.

“Intoday’s21st-centuryworld,justabouteverythingaboutfamineisman-made.We’renolongerinaworldofmanagainstnature.”saidRobertPaarlberg,adjunctprofessorofpublicpolicyattheHarvardKennedySchool.

Ethiopia,whichwasalsoaffectedbytherecentdrought,faredmuchbetterthistimebecauseofreformsimplementedafterthe2001one.Likewise,Paarlbergsaid,northernandcentralSomalia,regionsthatfalloutsideoftheinfluenceoftheAl-Shabaabmilitia,alsofaredbetter.Therewereseveralman-madefeaturesofthisfamine,whichaffectedmorethan10millionpeopleandkilledbetween50,000and100,000,halfofthemchildrenunderage5.

Thelargestman-madefeaturewastheroleoftheAl-Shabaabmilitiathatrulestheregionandthatkeptfoodaidfromreachingthoseinneed.Buttheinternationalcommunityisn’tblameless.AsearlyasNovember2010,aninternationalfamineearlywarningsystemwaspredictingthefailureofrainsintheregion,buttheinternationalcommunitydidn’trespondfullyuntilanofficialfaminewasdeclaredinJuly2011.Ontopofthat,U.S.anti-terrorismlawscutofffoodaidbecauseAl-Shabaab,listedasaterroristgroup,wastakingsomeofit.

ThoughtheUnitedNationshasdeclaredthefamineover,thatwasbasedonstatisticalmeasures,suchasthenumberofpeopledyingeachdayandthenumberofchildrenwhoaremalnourished.Thoughtheofficialfaminemaybeover,bothU.N.officialsandMonday’sspeakerssaidthecrisiscontinuesforthepeopleofSomalia.Almostathirdofthepopulationremainsdependentonhumanitarianassistance,cropsgrowingfromrecentrainswilltakemonthstoreachmaturity,andherdsofcows,goats,andotheranimalsweregreatlyreducedduringthecrisis.

MichaelDelaney,directorofhumanitarianresponseforOxfamAmerica,warnedthattheworldwillhaveanotherchancetogetitsresponseright,becausethewarningsignsarepointingtoanimpendingfamineinAfrica’sSahel,thearid,continent-spanningtransitionzonejustbelowtheSaharaDesert.

1.ThecurrentSomalifamineisdifferentfromthe1991-1992oneinthat（）.

2.Intreatingthemalnourishedpatients,attentionshouldbepaidtothefollowingEXCEPT（）

3.Whatisimpliedby“We’renolongerinaworldofmanagainstnature”？

4.RegardingthecurrentfamineinSomalia,who’stoblamemost?

5.WhatproblemstillremainsfromthecurrentSomalifamine?

问题1选项

A.itreceivedlessinternationalaid

B.worsteffectscamemoreslowly

C.itcaughtmoreattentionfromtheworld

D.itlastedlongerdespitehelpfromtheUN

问题2选项

A.makingfairtradepolicies

B.aidingthepatients’families

C.ignoringtheindicationofpoverty

D.exercisingagriculturalinterventions

问题3选项

A.Naturaldisasteralonecannotexplainfamine.

B.Weliveinaworldofmanyman-madematters.

C.Theworldismadeupofconflictingsocialforces.

D.Humanbeingsfightwithoneanotherforbetterlife.

问题4选项

A.TheUnitedStates.

B.TheAl-Shabaabmilitia.

C.TheUnitedNationsFAO.

D.Theinternationalcommunity.

问题5选项

A.Thenumberofmalnourishedchildrenremainsunknown.

B.Halfofthepopulationremainsdependentonhumanitarianassistance.

C.Cropsgrowingfromrecentrainswerereapedbeforereachingmaturity.

D.Herdsofcows,goatsandotheranimalsweregreatlyreducedduringthefamine.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。题干：索马里这次饥荒与1991-1992年的饥荒不同是因为______。本文第二段提到了1991-1992的饥荒，最后一句中提到“……delayedtheworsteffects”，说明这次饥荒比之前那次的最坏的影响来得晚些。因此B选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：在治疗营养不良的病人时，应注意以下几点除了_____。本文第三段提到malnourishedpatients，后文中“…andaidtofamiliesshouldbepartofwearingthechild…broaderagriculturalinterventionsandfairtradepoliciesareneeded…”，对应选项A、B、D。因此C选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：“我们不再处于一个人与自然作斗争的世界”指的是什么？根据语句定位到文章第五段，前文中“Intoday’s21st-centuryworld,justabouteverythingaboutfamineisman-made”表明现在与饥荒有关的一切几乎都是人为的，单纯自然灾害这个因素不足以解释饥荒，因此A选项符合题意。

.4判断推理题。题干：关于索马里目前的饥荒，谁是罪魁祸首？题干中的blame可对应上第七段第二句的blameless，由此可定位。往前看到“thelargestfeature”可知最大的人为因素是青年党民兵组织。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：索马里目前的饥荒还遗留着什么问题？本文倒数第二段中提到，尽管联合国宣告饥荒已结束，但问题还有很多。A选项中营养不良的孩子的数由官方统计而来；B选项halfthepopulation与文中athirdofthepopulation不符；C选项的werereapedbefore与原文的takesmonthstoreachmaturity不符。因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

问题2选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题3选项

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题4选项

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章开头介绍了“复兴”一词的来源及兴起。第二段写文艺复兴影响人们音乐思考和音乐创作的方式。第三段写这一时期的音乐风格多变，很难定义为单一的音乐类型。C项对文意的概括比较全面，所以C项正确。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（对于这些学者而言，文艺复兴意味着对人类价值而非精神方面的回归）。C项“重视人类价值观的主张”符合原文意思。

3.B项“仅仅描述人生经历中快乐的部分”不是艺术家和作家的目的，故选B。

4.“disseminated”出现在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（这些观点的改变深深地影响了文艺复兴时期的音乐文化——人们思考音乐的方式以及音乐的创作、体验、争议和）。所以，C项spread“传播”正确。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世纪半叶，音乐变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化，但我们无法定义一种文艺复兴风格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D项“音乐无法长时间的保持一种形式”正确。

11.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appliance“器具，器械”；B选项accessory“配件，附件”；C选项machine“机器”；D选项mechanism“机制，原理，途径”。句意：应该有一种安全_____使火车不可能相撞。这里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全机制”，因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

问题1选项

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就脸红。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…时,一提起。

13.单选题

Shewasafraid（）thedogincaseitbecamedangerous.

问题1选项

A.ofexciting

B.toexcite

C.thatsheexcited

D.tobeexciting

【答案】B

【解析】句意:她不敢让这条狗兴奋，以防有危险。

考查固定搭配。beafraidtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事。beafraidofdoingsth.一向害怕做某事(表示习惯)。因此B项符合语境。

14.单选题

JanewasfairlygoodatEnglish,butinmathematicsshecouldnot______therestofthestudentsinherclass.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.keepupwith

C.doawaywith

D.runawaywith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项putupwith“忍受，容忍”，B项keepupwith“赶得上，保持联系”，C项doawaywith“废除，去掉”，D项runawaywith“轻易获得，偷走”。根据句子JanewasfairlygoodatEnglish,butinmathematicsshecouldnot“简的英语相当好，但数学不能”可知，B项符合语境。句意：简的英语相当好，但在数学方面她跟不上班上的其他同学。因此，该题选择B项正确。

15.单选题

Thisissuchaformidablelistthatwemightbetemptedtoassumethatresearchandhighereducationmustatleastbespeciesofthesamegenusofactivity,evenifnotactually（

）.

问题1选项

A.ideological

B.identical

C.practical

D.methodical

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词辨析。ideological“意识形态的”；identical“相同的”；practical“实际的”；methodical“有条不紊的”。句意：这一清单令人心生敬畏，以至于有可能让我们觉得研究和高等教育必须至少属于同一类型的活动，即使他们并非真的完全相同。选项B符合句意。

16.翻译题

(36)Formany,theglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisishasconfirmedexistinganti-globalizationsentimentsandisbeingreflectedinoppositiontomoreliberalizedtrade.Underthedislocationcausedbythefinancialcrisis,manycountriesareattemptingtocurtailimportsorimposeotherrestrictionsontrade.AtboththeG-20Leaders’Summitandthemeetingsoffinanceministersandcentralbankgovernors,participantsagreedtofightallformsofprotectionismandmaintainopentrade.However,inMarch2009,WorldTradeOrganizationDirector-GeneralPascalLamystatedthatmembersoftheWTOwereshowinga“worryingtendencytowardincreasedtradeprotectionismasaresultofthedeepeningglobaleconomiccrisis.”

(37)Theovertformsofprotectionismorbeggar-thy-neighborpoliciesarelimitedbyrulescountrieshaveagreedtoasmembersoftheWTO.However,thereisamplescope,forincreasesintradebarriersthatareconsistentwithWTOrulesandobligations,includingincreasesinappliedtariffstohigherboundlevels.IfallWTOmembersraisedtheircurrentlyappliedtarifftotoday’sWTOboundrates,tariffsworldwidewoulddouble.TheWTOhassaidthatsuchincreasesintradebarrierscouldcauseworldtradetoshrinkbyupto8%andreduceglobalwelfarebyupto$350billion.

Almostanygovernmentinterventionintoeconomicactivityaffectsinternationaltradeandcapitalflows.Sincegovernmentinterventiongenerallyisinfluencedbypoliticalconsiderationsandmayinvolvetaxdollars,itusuallyfavorsdomesticconstituenciesattheexpenseofforeignconstituencies.(38)Adangerintheprocessofrecoveringfromtheglobalfinancialcrisisisthatcountriesmaytrytocapturealargershareofadecliningvolumeofinternationaltraderatherthanattempttoinducerecoveryintradeflowsbyhelpingtheirmacro-economiesreturntohealth.IntheUnitedStates,the“BUYAmerican”provisionintheFebruary2009stimuluspackagehasbeencharacterizedbysomeasastepdowntheslipperyslopeleadingtoprotectionismandasign,worryingtomany,thattheUnitedStatesmaynotbealeaderofthefree-tradeinitiativesintheyearsahead.TheEuropeanUnionhasraisedquestionsaboutwhetheritsprovisionsarecompatiblewithU.S.internationaltradecommitmentseventhoughtheprovisionappliesonlytosteel,iron,andmanufacturedgoodsusedinconstructionprojectsandlanguagewasincludedthattheprovision“shallbeappliedinamannerconsistentwithUnitedStatesobligationsunderinternationalagreements.”(39)Thecriticismfromothernationsofthisprovisionappearstobebasedonbothitspresumedeffectsandthefearthatevenarelativelysmall“BuyAmerican”provisionatthistimecouldsetaprecedentthatcouldopenthefloodgatesandprovidetheexcuseforacycleof“creepingprotectionism”byothernations.

【答案】36.对许多人来说，全球金融和经济危机证实了现有的反全球化情绪，并且反映在反对更加自由化的贸易。在金融危机造成的混乱下，许多国家正试图减少进口或施加其他贸易限制。

37.对世贸组织成员国而言，公开形式的保护主义或以邻为壑的政策受限于他们所同意的规则。然而，符合世贸组织规则和义务的贸易壁垒仍有很大的增加空间，包括将适用关税提高到更高的上限。

38.在从全球金融危机中复苏的过程中，一个危险在于，各国可能会试图从不断下降的国际贸易量中分得更大的份额，而不是试图通过帮助其宏观经济恢复健康来促进贸易流动的复苏。2009年2月，美国发布经济刺激计划，其中包括“购买美国货”的条款，有的人把这视为导致保护主义的滑坡路，也是一个令许多人担心的迹象，这表明美国在以后可能不再领导自由贸易计划。

39.其他国家对这一条款的批评似乎是基于其假定影响和人们的担心，即使是目前规模相对较小的“购买美国货”条款也可能开创先例，进而打开闸门，为其他国家的“渐进式保护主义”循环提供借口。

17.单选题

Basedonthe（

）thateverybusinessisnowfreetoformulateitsownstrategyinlightofthechangingmarket,IwouldpredictamarketimprovementintheefficiencyofChinaseconomy.

问题1选项

A.guidance

B.instruction

C.premise

D.eminence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。guidance“指导”；instruction“指令，指示”；premise“前提”；eminence“卓越，著名”。句意：基于任何企业都可以根据市场变化自由确定发展战略这一点，我估计中国经济市场的效率会提高。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Theremarkable（）oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.

问题1选项

A.classification

B.variety

C.density

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】词汇题。variety变种,

多样,

种种；classification分类,

类别,

级别；density

稠密,

密度；diversion转移,

消遣。根据句意，这里应该是生命的多样性。选项B正确。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生命的显著多样性启发了查尔斯·达尔文建立了他的进化论。

19.单选题

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayorofthecity.

问题1选项

A.presumed

B.proposed

C.presented

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项presumed“假定，推测”；B选项proposed“建议，打算”；C选项presented“提出，呈递”；D选项presided“主持，担任会议主席”。句意：会议由该市市长（）。本句表示“会议由市长主持”，因此D选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Sheisfondof______,sodon’tapproachherandtellherwhattroublesyou.She’llmakeitknowtoall.

问题1选项

A.speech

B.appraisal

C.comment

D.gossip

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项speech“演讲”；B选项appraisal“评估；估价”；C选项comment“议论；批评”；D选项gossip“流言飞语，闲言碎语；闲聊”。句意：她喜欢______，所以不要接近她，告诉她你的烦恼。根据语境，这里指她非常喜欢说闲话，所以不要跟她走太近，D选项gossip“流言飞语，闲言碎语”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

21.单选题

Therearenominees，like“LoneSurvivor”，thatwon'twinthe2014Oscars,but（）yourattention,becauseeachisastunningperformancethatwillendureforquitesometime.

问题1选项

A.suspend

B.surpass

C.derive

D.deserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。由but以及because引导的句子句意“因为每个都是非常精彩的会持续很长一段时间的表演”可知这些表演值得别人关注。故D项正确。句意：有些提名影片，比如《孤独的幸存者》（LoneSurvivor），不会获得2014年奥斯卡奖，但是值得引起你的注意，因为每个都是非常精彩的会持续很长一段时间的表演。

22.单选题

Thereisnoreasontoinsultand（

）themansimplybecauseyoudonotagreewithhim.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.enervate

C.distort

D.defame

【答案】D

【解析】depict描述，描画；enervate使衰弱，使失去活力；distort扭曲，变形；defame诽谤，中伤。句意：如果仅仅是因为你不同意他的观点，那么你没有理由侮辱和诋毁他。选项D符合句意。

23.单选题

Tobesure,thatisnotwhatmanysee.FederalReserveBoardChairmanBenBernankeandothershaveblamedthefinancialcrisisof2008onaglobalsavingsglut,whichfueledflowsofmoneyfromhigh-savingsemerging-marketeconomies—especiallyinAsia—thatrunchronicbalance-of-paymentssurpluses.Accordingtothisschoolofthought,excessivesavingspushedlong-terminterestratesdowntorock-bottomlevels,leadingtoassetbubblesintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere.

Thealternativetheory—ofaglobalcreditglut—gainedmoregroundwiththereleaselastweekoftheFinancialStabilityBoard’sreportonshadowbanking.TheFSBreportcontainsstartlingrevelationsaboutthescaleofglobalshadowbanking,whichitdefinesas“creditintermediationinvolvingentitiesandactivitiesoutsidetheregularbankingsystem”.

Thereport,whichwasrequestedbyG20leadersattheirsummitinSeoullastNovember,foundthatbetween2002and2007,theshadowbankingsystemincreasedby$33trillion,morethandoublinginassetsizefrom$27trillionto$60trillion.Thisis8.5timeshigherthanthetotalUScurrent—accountdeficitof$3.9trillionduringthesameperiod.

Theshadowbankingsystemisestimatedatroughly25%-30%oftheglobalfinancialsystem($250trillion,excludingderivatives)andathalfoftotalglobalbankingassets.Thisrepresentsahuger