考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.问答题

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】试题答案：C;what

【解析】考查关系代词。that不能充当宾语从句中的主语，分析句子可知从句中缺少主语，因此将that改为what。

2.单选题

Hewasregardedasagreat（

）tothecommittee.

问题1选项

A.asset

B.profit

C.prosperity

D.interest

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。asset“财产，资产，有价值的人或物”；profit“利润”；prosperity“繁荣，成功”；interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他被视为委员会的重要人物。句中主语是he，故A项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thegovernmentisseekingto（

）itselffromthelatestfinancialcrisis.

问题1选项

A.detach

B.extract

C.derive

D.ease

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。detach“使摆脱；派遣；使超然”；extract"提取；提炼；摘录”；derive“源于；得自；获得”；ease“减轻；使安心”。句意：政府正在寻求方法摆脱最近的金融危机。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Whennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface:AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教务长)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequaltouniversitypresidentinAmerica.

Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc.havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonnel(人员)tendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.

ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活动家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.

ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumbers.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefund-raisinganincreasinglynecessaryabilityamongadministrators(管理人员),andhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.

Inthepastfewyears,well-knownschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.

Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspective(视角)onestablishedpractices.

1.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?

2.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?

3.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?

4.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause________.

5.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?

问题1选项

A.InstitutionworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheUS.

B.Alotofactivistsarebeinghiredasadministrators.

C.Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.

D.Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.

问题2选项

A.Thepoliticalcorrectness.

B.Theirabilitytoraisefunds.

C.Theirfameinacademiccircles.

D.Theiradministrativeexperience.

问题3选项

A.Thetuitions(学费)theychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.

B.Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentcontrol.

C.Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.

D.Mostoftheirmoneycomesfromthegovernment.

问题4选项

A.shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney

B.shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale

C.sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseas

D.shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus

问题5选项

A.Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.

B.Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.

C.Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.

D.Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段倒数一、二句Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.（然而，人才流动并非是世界性的。高层管理人员的流动只倾向于一个方向：从美国向外。），可知当前高等教育倾向于从美国招聘管理人员，A选项“世界各地的机构都在从美国招聘管理人员”正确。B选项“许多积极分子被聘为管理员”，C选项“美国大学正在扩招国际学生”和D选项“大学校长更加注重筹款”文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第四句TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivistwhoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.（董事会最终聘用了布鲁斯•本森，一位69岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，因为他很可能在现代大学校长的主要任务上做得很好：筹资。），可知美国大学在招聘高级管理人员时主要考虑筹资方面的能力，B选项“他们筹集资金的能力”正确；A选项“政治正确性”和C选项“他们在学术界的名声”不是主要考虑的内容。D选项“他们的管理经验”：根据第三段最后一句Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.（筹集资金的能力很大程度上是经验和需要的产物。），可知要求的是筹资方面的经验，而非管理经验。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.（与此同时，许多欧洲大学仍主要依赖政府资助。），可知D选项“它们的大部分资金来自政府”正确。A选项“学费一直在上涨”，B选项“其运作受到政府的严格控制”和C选项“它们正在通过全球化加强他们的地位”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.（2003年，剑桥大学任命另一位耶鲁大学前教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。剑桥大学公开强调，在她之前的工作中，她对“耶鲁大学的财务状况起到了重要的监督作用”。），可知艾莉森•理查德成为副校长的主要原因是在筹资方面做出的贡献，A选项“她很擅长筹款”正确；没有提到艾莉森•理查德让剑桥大学和耶鲁大学的联系加强，B选项“她可以帮助加强与耶鲁大学的联系”错误。C选项“她知道如何吸引海外学生”和D选项“她提高了耶鲁大学的学术地位”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.（外国人可以为现有做法提供新的视角。），可知C选项“他们会从一个新的角度来看待很多事情。”正确。B选项“他们会吸引来更多的国际教员”：根据文章倒数第二句Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.（教育的全球化意味着，更多的大学将寻求具有某种国际经验的领导，以促进国际项目和吸引全球学生群体。），可知吸引的是国外的学生而非教员。A选项“他们可以提升大学的形象”和D选项“他们可以建立新的学科”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Theartistandtheauthorbothtriedto（

）,thesplendorofthesunset

问题1选项

A.depict

B.narrate

C.describe

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那位艺术家和那位作家都曾试图描绘日落的壮美。

近义词辨析。depict指用图画或文字描绘事物或人物；narrate更侧重于“叙述，讲述”的意思;describe指通过描写、描述人或事的外表、性质，使人得到一个清晰地印象；tell的意思是“讲述”；报据题干关键词artistandauthor“艺术家和作家”可知答案选项为A。

6.单选题

BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability（

）emotionaldepthtohersongs.

问题1选项

A.begiving

B.aregiven

C.togive

D.beinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍乐迪，作为一位伟大的爵士布鲁斯歌手，她的盛名在于能将感情融入到歌曲中。故C项正确。

7.单选题

Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.

问题1选项

A.masters

B.mumbles

C.molests

D.muzzles

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。master“控制；精通；征服”；mumble“含糊地说”；molest“骚扰，调戏；干扰”；muzzle“使······缄默”。句意：我们不能理解乔治叔叔说了什么，因为他总是含糊地说。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorsconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview，”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways.”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingsandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions-generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations-havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespiratorstohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstayofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation，”Dr.Mardelsaid,notingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.

1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbesuedfor（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth（

）.

4.AccordingtoDr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.ConductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

C.DeterminingtreatmentforSARS

D.PublishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

问题2选项

A.Patientswereindifferentcountries

B.Patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.Patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.Theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

问题3选项

A.Carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm

问题4选项

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

问题5选项

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthPanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanel定位至第一段:AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorsconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients,故选B项(对非典型肺炎患者进行临床研究)。

2.细节题。根据题干定位至第三段:Thoseconditions-generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations-havemadeithardtointerpretresults,故选D项。

3.细节题。题干问的是针对呼吸困难的SARS病人的两种治疗方法共同之处,定位至第四段:Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees(这两种方法都有将病毒传给医院员工的危险),故选A。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词Dr.Mardel&guidelines&flexible定位至最后一段:Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn,故选B项。

5.主旨大意题。文章开篇点题,第一句说明主题:由世界卫生组织提出的对SARS病人的提出的新的指导方针。D项适合做本文标题。而A,B,C不能全面概括文章的主旨大意。

9.单选题

Somemodemanthropologistsholdthatbiologicalevolution（）notonlyhumanmorphologybutalsohumanbehavior.

问题1选项

A.hasrelated

B.isrelated

C.isshaped

D.hasshaped

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。relate“有联系”；shape“形成，塑造”，根据句子结构，evolution和动词之间为主动关系，所以不用被动语态，选项B和C可排除。句意：一些现代人类学家认为，生物进化不仅塑造了人类的形态，而且还塑造了人类的行为。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

RacingtheclockeverydayissuchasanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.

问题1选项

A.falldown

B.fallill

C.fallout

D.fallbehind

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天与时间赛跑是一种累人的工作，当我真正有点空闲时间时，我感觉要……。falldown“倒塌”；fallill“生病”；fallout“脱落”；fallbehind“落后，逾期”。划线单词的意思是“倒塌，倒下”，选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress.

B.Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.

C.Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.

D.Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively.

问题2选项

A.Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress.

B.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.

C.Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.

D.Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks.11.

问题3选项

A.Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.

B.Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit.

C.Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.

D.Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

【解析】PassageOne

“Toomanypeopleviewtheirjobsasafive-dayprisonwhichtheyareparoledeveryFriday,”saysJoelGoodman,founderoftheHumorProject,ahumorconsultinggroupinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Humorunlockstheofficeprisonbecauseitletsadultsbringsomeoftheirchildlikespirittothejob.

AccordingtoHowardPollio,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,anofficewithhumorbreaksisanofficewithsatisfiedandproductiveemployees.[10]Pollioconductedastudythatprovedhumorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks.Employeesperformbetterwhentheyhavefun.Inlargecorporationswithahierarchyofpower,thereisoftennooutletforstress.“Everycompanyneedsundergroundwaysofpokingfunattheorganization,”saysLynnM.Mark,aspeakeronworkplacehumorforSaintMary’sHealthCenterinSaintLouis.

Kodak’sRochester,NewYorkbranchdiscoveredawayforits20,000employeestouncorktheirbottled-upresentments.[9]Their1,000-square-foothumorroomfeaturesatoystore.Amongtheroom’smanystress-reducinggadgets,themainattractionisabossdollwithdetachablearmsandlegs.[11]Employeescantakethedollapartaslongastheyputitsarmsandlegsbackinplace.

SandyCohen,ownerofagraphicprintproductionbusiness,createdthequoteboardtodocumentthebizarrephrasespeoplesaywhenunderstrictdeadlines.“Whenyou’reunderstress,yousaystupidthings,”saysCohen.Nowwejustlookateachotherandsay“That’soneforthequoteboard”.

9.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouthumorintheworkplace?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于职场中的幽默，这篇短文说了什么？录音提到了职场幽默的例子，其中一个是柯达纽约罗彻斯特分公司的humorroom“幽默房间”，该房间里有很多让人减轻压力的物件（stress-reducinggadgets），其中之一是可拆卸的“老板玩偶”。由此可知，职场的幽默可以让人减轻压力，A选项“它能帮助员工减轻压力”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“它让员工不再无聊”；C选项“它使员工之间的关系更和谐”和D选项“它帮助员工积极地看待事物”在录音中均没有信息提及，所以可排除。

10.WhatdoesthestudybyHowardPollioshow?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问HowardPollio的研究表明了什么？录音提到HowardPollio的研究证明了幽默能帮助员工出色地完成日常的工作任务（humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks），D选项“幽默可以帮助员工在日常工作中表现出色”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“周末有助于减轻压力”和B选项“幽默对人际关系极其重要”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“所有的员工均遭受情绪压力”，这并不是HowardPollio的研究结论，因此可排除。

11.WhatcanKodak’semployeesdointhehumorroom?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问柯达的员工在“幽默房间”可以做什么事？录音提到了humorroom中有可拆卸的“老板玩偶”，员工可以把“老板玩偶”拆掉，不过拆后得把玩偶的手和脚拼回去。B选项中的reassembleit“重新组装”对应录音的putitsarmsandlegsbackinplace，因此B选项“把‘老板玩偶’拆掉，拆后再重新组装”正确。A选项“把玩具砸碎以发泄满腔怨恨”和D选项“狠狠地揍‘老板玩偶’，多狠都可以”表述过于绝对，忽略了“拆后重新组装”这个条件，因此不正确；C选项“设计、安装减轻压力的物件”在录音中没有提及，因此可排除。

12.翻译题

1.Chinaisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinhelpingtheinternationalcommunityintheprocessoferadicatingextremepovertyby2030.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopeningupinthelate1970s,Chinahashelpedasmanyas400millionpeopleoutofpoverty.Inthenextfiveyears,Chinawillprovideassistancetootherdevelopingcountriesinpovertyreduction,educationdevelopment,agriculturalmodernization,environmental,protection,healthcareandsoon.Chinahasmaderemarkableprogressinpovertyalleviation,andithasmadeunremittingeffortsinpromotingeconomicgrowth.Thiswillencourageotherpoorcountriestocopewiththeirowndevelopmentchallenges.ThesecountriescanlearnfromChina’sexperienceinseekingthepathofdevelopmentwiththeirowncharacteristics.

【答案】1.中国在帮助国际社会到2030年消除极度贫困的进程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。自上世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已帮助多达4亿人摆脱贫困。未来5年里，中国将在减贫、教育发展、农业现代化、环境保护、卫生保健等方面向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国在减贫方面取得了显著进展，在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力。这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身的发展挑战。这些国家在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，可以借鉴中国的经验。

13.单选题

Mypain（）apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

问题1选项

A.mustbe

B.musthavebeen

C.hadbeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。由原文句意可知，当我进房间的时候，我的痛苦一定很明显，因为第一个看到我的人就同情地问我“你没事吧”。分析句子结构可知，for连接并列句，补充说明前文推测的原因。再通过walked可知，空缺处是对过去的事实进行肯定的推测，因此应选用musthavebeen。故本题正确答案为B选项。

14.单选题

______bythepolice,thekidnappershadnochoicebuttosurrender.

问题1选项

A.Surrounded

B.Havingsurrounded

C.Surrounding

D.Tosurround

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Surrounded被包围B.Havingsurrounded包围

C.Surrounding包围D.Tosurround包围

【答案】A

【考查点】非谓语动词。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处要填入一个非谓语动词，逻辑主语为kidnappers（绑架者），和动词surround（包围）之间是被动的关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都表示主动关系。

【句意】绑架者在警察的包围下别无选择，只好投降。

15.单选题

Ideasabout“spoiling”childrenhawalwaysinvolvedconsiderationofjustwhatisaspoiledchild,howdoesspoilingoccur,andwhataretheconsequencesofspoiling.Theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild’snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadults.

Themanymothersof1820whobelongedtotheearly“maternalassociations”struggledtoupholdtheideasaboutchildraisingthathadbeenprevalentintheeighteenthcentury.Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlife(whenexposedtoallthetemptationoftheworld)and,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.

Atfirst,theonlyapproachthesemotherknewwasto“breakthewill”ofthechild.Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthePuritans.Asonemotherwrote“Nochildhaseverbeenknown,sincetheearliestperiodoftheworld,destituteofanevildisposition-howeversweetitappears.”Infantdepravity,bywhichwasmeantthechild’simpulses,couldbecurbedonlybybreakingthewillsothatthechildsubmittedimplicitlytoparentalguidance.

In1834,amotherdescribedthistechnique:Uponthefather’sorder,her16-month-olddaughterhadrefusedtosay“DearMama”,sothetoddlerwasaloneinaroomwhereshescreamedwildlyfortenminutes.Afterthetenminutes,thechildwascommandedagain,andagainsherefused,soshewaswhippedandorderedagain.Thiscontinuedforfourhoursuntilthechildfinallyobeyed.Parentscommonlyreportedthatafteronesuchtrialof“will”,thechildbecamepermanentlysubmissive.Inpassing,wecannotethatknowledgeaboutachild’s“No”periodmighthavemoderatedthediscipliningoflittlechildrenandtheapplicationoftheproverb“Sparetherodandspoilthechild.”

Byfreeingthechildfromitsevilnature,parentsbelievedtheycouldthenguidethechildintoacquiringtherightcharactertraits,suchashonesty,industriousnessandsobriety.Thesemoralprinciplesfixedinthechild’scharacter,weretogovernitthroughoutlife,inasocietywherefreeenterprise,individualeffort,andcompetitionwerebelievedtobetherulingforces.

1.Whentheauthortalksaboutideasconsideredin“thespoilingofchildren”,hedoesnotinclude______.

2.Accordingtothearticle,themothersof1820weredeterminedto______.

3.Calvinismentionedinthisarticletoshow______.

问题1选项

A.thenatureofachild

B.attitudesofspoiledchildrenwhentheybecomeadults

C.reasonswhyspoilingoccurs

D.consequencesfromspoilingachild

问题2选项

A.developindependenceintheirchildren

B.avoidexposingtheirchildrentospiritualruin

C.broadentheexperiencesoftheirchildren

D.setgoodexamplesoftheirchildren

问题3选项

A.thederivationofthesternoutlookofthePuritans

B.Frenchinfluenceinthedisciplineofchildren

C.adissentingviewinthespoilingchildren

D.howthereformationmoderatedtheseverediscipline

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段Ideasabout“spoiling”childrenhawalwaysinvolvedconsiderationofjustwhatisaspoiledchild,howdoesspoilingoccur,andwhataretheconsequencesofspoiling.Theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild’snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadults.（关于“溺爱”孩子的观点总是涉及到什么是被宠坏的孩子，溺爱是如何发生的，溺爱的后果是什么。他们总是包括孩子的本性的概念和理想的孩子和理想的成人的概念）。B选项“被宠坏的孩子长大成人后的态度”，文章所说的是理想的成人的概念，B选项正确。A选项“孩子的天性”，文中提到孩子的天性，A选项可排除。C选项“发生溺爱的原因”，文章有所提到，C选项可排除。D选项“溺爱孩子的后果”，在文章中有所体现，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlifeand,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.（他们总是被告知，被宠坏的孩子在以后的生活中会有麻烦，更重要的是，有精神毁灭的危险）。B选项“避免让他们的孩子受到精神的毁灭”，文章所说，被宠坏的孩子会有精神毁灭的危险，可推测1820年的母亲会避免孩子受到精神毁灭，因此B选项正确。A选项“培养孩子的独立性”，文章没有提到这个内容，A选项可排除。C选项“拓宽孩子们的经历”，文章没有提到拓宽孩子的经历，C选项可排除。D选项“为孩子们树立好榜样”，文章没有提到为孩子树立榜样，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第二句Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthePuritans.（这种方法最初来自法国新教改革家加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉的观点）。A选项“清教徒严厉观点的由来”，文章所说，加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉观点的由来，因此A选项正确。B选项“法国对儿童管教的影响”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“对溺爱孩子的不同意见”，文章没有提到，加尔文的观点是对溺爱孩子对的不同意见，C选项可排除。D选项“宗教改革是如何缓和严格的纪律的”，文章并没有提到宗教改革，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

“DoyoumindifEdwardridesinyourcar?”

“Yes,Ido.I’llbegladtotake（

）Edward.”

问题1选项

A.somebodyelsethan

B.anybodybut

C.someotherpersonbut

D.anyoneelsethan

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。题目是一个情景对话，所以需要关注上下文，上文提问说‘你介意爱德华乘坐你的车吗？’，下文回答‘是的，介意。’根据这里我们可以推知后一句应该是‘除了爱德华，其他人我都不介意。’anyonebutsb.为固定用法，表示“除了某人之外的所有人”，所以B选项正确。

17.单选题

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

问题1选项

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项muchmore“更加；多得多”，后面接形容词；B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”，后面可跟名词、代词和从句；C选项muchlesstodo非固定搭配；D选项stillmore“更加”。句意：这位父亲甚至不能约束自己，______给他的孩子做个好榜样了。根据语境，这里指不能约束自己，就更加不能做个好榜样了，B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

TheclashbetweenRealMadridandArsenalisbeing（）asthematchoftheseason.

问题1选项

A.harbinger

B.allured

C.congested

D.lodged

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。harbinger“先驱，预兆”；allured“引诱；诱惑”；congested“充塞，充满”；lodge“寄宿，临时住宿”。句意：皇家马德里和阿森纳之间的冲突是这个赛季的前奏。选项A符合题意。

19.单选题

It’sageneralpracticeforsmallfactoriesto___moreworkersduringtimesofprosperity,andlayoffsomewhenrecessionhits.

问题1选项

A.takein

B.takeover

C.takeon

D.takeup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项takein“吸收；领会；欺骗；接待；接受；理解；拘留；欺骗；让……进入；改短”；B选项takeover“接管；接收”；C选项takeon“承担；呈现；具有；流行；接纳；雇用；穿上”；D选项takeup“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”。句意：对于小工厂来说，在经济繁荣时期___更多的工人，在经济衰退时裁掉一些工人是普遍做法。根据和后文layoff“解雇；休息；停止工作”对比可知本句表达“在经济繁荣时期雇佣更多的工人”。因此C选项正确。

20.单选题

Planningourvocationwemusttakethefrequent（）oftheweatherintoconsideration.

问题1选项

A.transformation

B.transmission

C.transaction

D.transition

【答案】A

【解析】transformation转化,转换；transmission传递。传播；transaction交易；transition过渡。句意：计划假期的时候,我们必须把变化莫测的天气考虑进去。

21.单选题

Thetaxi-driver（

）aboutourluggageandseemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper.

问题1选项

A.grieved

B.groaned

C.grumbled

D.growled

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grieve“使悲伤，使苦恼”；B选项groan“呻吟；抱怨”；C选项grumble“抱怨，嘟囔”；D选项growl“咆哮”。分析句子结构，空格部分是和后面seem并列的谓语部分，根据“seemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper看起来脾气很坏”可知空格部分单词意思为“对……嘟囔”，句意为：的士司机抱怨我们的行李，看起来脾气非常坏。答案C与之意思接近。

22.单选题

ReadthefollowingResearchFundingOpportunities.

DepartmentofAgricultureAgricultureandFoodResearchInitiativeCompetitiveGrantsProgram(AFRI)

Deadline:variesbyprogramarea

Synopsis:TheFoodandAgriculturalScienceEnhancement(FASE)Grantscomponentofthisprogramincludesfundingfornewinvestigators.Anewinvestigatorisdefinedasanindividualwhoisbeginninghis/hercareer,doesnothaveanextensivescientificpublicationrecord,andhaslessthanfouryearspostgraduate,career-trackexperience.ThenewinvestigatormaynothavereceivedcompetitivelyawardedFederalresearchfundswiththeexceptionofpre-orpostdoctoralresearchgrantsorUSDANRIorAFRISeedGrants.

DepartmentofDefenseYoungInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNavalResearch(YIP)

Deadline:earlyJanuary

Synopsis:TheprogramsupportsacademicscientistsandengineerswhohavereceivedPh.D.orequivalentdegreeswithinthelastsixyears.TheobjectivesaretoattractoutstandingfacultymemberstotheDepartmentoftheNavy’sresearchprogram,tosupporttheirresearch,andtoencouragetheirteachingandresearchcareers.Proposalsmayrequestupto$170,000peryearforthreeyears.ONRresearchareasareavailablehere.

NewInvestigatorAwards,CongressionallyDirectedMedicalResearchPrograms(CDMRP)

Deadline:variesbyprogram

Synopsis:Fundingprogramareasvaryandmayinclude:FoodAllergies,LungCancer,MultipleSclerosis,PeerReviewedCancer,Orthopaedic,SpinalCordInjury,AmyotrophicLateralSclerosis,Autism,BoneMarrowFailure,BreastCancer,DeploymentRelatedMedical,GulfWarIllness,Minority&UnderservedPopulations,Neurofibromatosis,OvarianCancer,PeerReviewedMedical,ProstateCancer,PsychologicalHealth/TraumaticBrainInjury,TuberousSclerosisComplex.Someoftheseprogramareas,suchasPeerReviewedCancer,ProstateCancer,andTraumaticBrainInjuryhaveincludedNewInvestigatorAwards.

DepartmentofEnergyOutstandingJuniorInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNuclearPhysics(OJIP)

Deadline:SeptemberorOctoberforletterofintent,NovemberorDecemberforapplication

Synopsis:Applicationsshouldbefromtenure-trackfacultywhoarecurrentlyinvolvedinexperimentalortheoreticaln