考研考博-英语-宁夏民族职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏民族职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.

问题1选项

A.resigned

B.compromised

C.persisted

D.dominated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。prevail表示“盛行，流行，战胜”；A项resign“辞职，放弃”，B项compromise“妥协，和解”，C项persist“坚持”，D项dominate“占主导地位，支配，控制”。句意：专家表示，如果冷酷的陪审员获胜，对生病吸烟者的赔偿金额将会减少。根据句意可知，选择D项正确。

2.翻译题

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.，theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore，thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

【答案】青春期，即从童年到成年之间的这段时期，可能很长，也可能很短，这取决于社会的期望和社会对什么是成熟和成年的定义。在原始社会，青春期往往是相对较短的一段时间，而在人们受教育时间较长的工业社会，再加上反对童工的法律，青春期的时间要长得多，可能包括人生第二个十年的大部分时间。此外，随着社会和经济条件的变化，在特定社会中，青春期的长度和成年身份的定义可能会发生变化。这类变化的例子如：19世纪后半叶美国边疆的消失，更普遍的是农业社会的工业化。

3.单选题

The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

问题1选项

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项main“主要的，最大的”，B选项controversial“引起争论的，有争议的”，C选项subjective“主观的，个人的”，D选项neutral“中立的，中性的”，中立的观点代表了支持者和反对者都能认同的观点和事实。因此，D选项符合句意。

4.单选题

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat（）girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.assigning

B.enrolling

C.involving

D.undertaking

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。assign分配，指派；enroll登记，招收，注册；involve涉及；undertake承担，保证。句意：1994年世界银行的一份报告得出的结论是,学校招收女生是发展中国家反贫困最有效的措施。招生用enroll。故B项正确。

5.单选题

Withacandleinhand,hecarefully（）theflightofnarrowstairstohisbedroom.

问题1选项

A.asserted

B.ascertained

C.assembled

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。assert断言，坚持，维护；ascertain查明，确定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿着蜡烛，小心翼翼地登上狭窄的楼梯，来到自己的卧室。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Smellisthemostdirectofallthesenses.Itisthoughttobetheoldestsenseintermsofhumanevolution,whichmayexplainwhysmellishard-wiredintothebrain.Theolfactorynerve,whichmanagestheperceptionofsmells,isessentiallyanextensionofthebrain.Theolfactorynerveprovidesadirectlinkfromreceptorsatthetopofthenosetotheportionofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory,emotion,andbehavior.

Theolfactorysystemdetectscertainairbornechemicalsthatenterthenoseandthentransmitsthischemicalinformationtothelimbicsysteminthebrain.Theolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostrilisyellow,moist,andfulloffattysubstances.Theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell:thedeepertheshade,thekeenerandmoreacuteitis.Animalshaveaverystrongsenseofsmell,sotheirolfactoryregionsaredarkyellowtoreddishbrown,whilethoseofhumansarelightyellow.

Whenanodoroussubstanceentersthenose,itbindstoolfactoryreceptorcells,theneuronsliningtheyellowupperportionofthenasalcavity.Olfactoryreceptorcellscontainmicroscopichairscalledciliathatextendintothelayerofmucuscoatingtheinsideofthenose.Odormoleculesdiffuseintothisregionandareabsorbedbytheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcells.Whatthismeansisthatwhenweholdarosetoournoseandinhale,odormoleculesfloatupintothenasalcavity,wheretheyareabsorbedbyfivemillionolfactoryreceptorcells.Thereceptorcellsalerttheolfactorynerve,whichsendsimpulsestothebrain’solfactorybulb,orsmellcenter.Thus,olfactoryinformationabouttheroseentersthebrain’slimbicsystem,where,inmostofus,itstimulatesafeelingofpleasure.

Thelimbicsystemofthebrainintegratesmemory,emotion,andbehavior.Thesystemiscomposedofagroupofrelatednervoussystemstructuresthatarethefunctionalcenterofemotionssuchasanger,fear,pleasure,andsadness.Thecomponentsofthelimbicsystemarelinkedtothecerebralcortex,thepartofthebraininvolvedincomplexlearning,reasoning,andpersonality.Thecerebralcortexmakesdecisionsabouttheemotionalcontentoftheseuniquehumanqualitiesafter“consulting”thelimbicsystemandtheotherbraincentersinprocessingandretrievingmemories.Itmay,inturn,usememoriestomodifybehavior.

Scentmaybethestrongesttriggerofmemoryandemotions.Whenweinhaleascent,receptorsinthebrain’slimbiccentercomparetheodorenteringournosetoodorsstoredinourmemory.Alongtheway,memoriesassociatedwiththoseodorsarestimulated.Asmellcanbeoverwhelminglynostalgicbecauseittriggerspowerfulimagesandemotions.Thewaxyfragranceofcrayonscaninstantlytransportustooursecond-gradeclassroom,orthescentoffreshlymowngrasscanflooduswiththejoyofsummerfreedom.Whatweseeandhearmayfadequicklyinshort-termmemory,butwhatwesmellissentdirectlytolong-termmemory.

Smellscanincreasealertnessandstimulatelearningandretention.Inonestudy,childrenmemorizedawordlist,whichwaspresentedbothwithandwithoutaccompanyingscents.Thechildrenrecalledwordsonthelistmoreeasilyandwithhigheraccuracywhenthelistwasgivenwithscentsthanwithout,showingthelinkbetweensmellandtheabilitytoretaininformation.Inanotherstudy,researchersexaminedhowvarioussmellscanincreasealertnessanddecreasestress.Theyfoundthatthescentoflavendercouldwakeupthemetabolismandmakepeoplemorealert.Theyalsofoundthatthesmellofspicedapplescouldreducebloodpressureandavertapanicattackinpeopleunderstress.

1.Whydoestheauthorusetheterm“hard-wired”indescribingthesenseofsmellandthebrain?

2.Ofwhatsignificanceisthecoloroftheolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostril?

3.Whathappenswhentheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcellsabsorbodormolecules?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“crayons”and“freshlymowngrass”inParagraph5?

5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph6aboutlearning?

问题1选项

A.Todescribethetextureandfeeloftheolfactorynerve

B.Toemphasizethecloseconnectionbetweensmellandthebrain

C.Tocomparethepowerofsmellwiththatofothersenses

D.Toexplainhowthesenseofsmellevolvesinearlyhumans

问题2选项

A.Thecolorchangeswithdifferentairbornechemicals.

B.Thesignificanceofthecolorislittleunderstood.

C.Thecolorbecomesdarkerwhenanodorispresent.

D.Thecolorshowsthestrengthoftheabilitytosmell.

问题3选项

A.Thetinyhairsinsidethenosebecomedarkerincolor.

B.Thenervoussystemactivatesthedigestivesystem.

C.Theolfactorynervesendsimpulsestothebrain.

D.Somereceptorcellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.

问题4选项

A.Togiveexamplesofsmellsthatcantriggermemoriesandemotions

B.Tocomparetypicalresponsestotwocommonsmells

C.Toexplainwhysmellsarelikelytoaffectperson’sbehavior

D.Toidentifysmellsthatcanincreasealertnessandworkefficiency

问题5选项

A.Learningcannottakeplaceunlessallofthesensesarestimulated.

B.Scentscanstrengthentheabilitytoholdnewinformationinthememory.

C.Itiseasiertorecallpreviouslearningthanitistoretainnewinformation.

D.Childrenwillnotlearnmuchiftheyaredistractedbyoffensiveodors.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到了嗅觉神经实际上就是大脑的延伸，嗅觉神经直接将鼻子的鼻受体与大脑中管理记忆、情感和行为的部分相连。可以推出嗅觉与大脑是紧密联系的。选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第三句中提到theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell(黄色阴影代表的是嗅觉的强度)。选项D符合题意。

3.文章第三段作者提到了嗅觉受体纤毛细胞吸入了气味分子后发生的情况。句子中提到了受体细胞会刺激嗅觉神经，然后嗅觉神经发送脉冲到大脑的嗅觉神经或者嗅球。选项C符合题意。

4.文章第五段第一句作者提出气味可能是记忆和情绪的最强出发点。由此可知，作者提到的蜡笔和新割的草地是为了证实他的观点，并且说明气味是如何触发记忆和情绪的。选项A符合题意。

5.文章第六段提出气味可以提高警觉，促进学习，增强记忆力。之后举了孩子记忆单词的例子，如果需要记忆的单词表上有香味，他们会记得又快又好。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Thewealthofacountryshouldbe（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeoplemeasuredaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardwith

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项inlinewith“跟……一致，符合”；B选项intermsof“根据”；C选项inregardof“关于……，至于……”；D选项bymeansof“用，依靠”。根据measured（判断）可知B选项符合语境。句意：衡量一个国家的财富要根据它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物质产品。

8.单选题

Hewillsimplynotlistentoanybody;heis_______toargument.

问题1选项

A.imperceptible

B.impervious

C.impassable

D.blunt

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项imperceptible“（小得）无法察觉的”；B选项impervious“无动于衷的，不受影响的；不能渗透的”；C选项impassable“不能通行的（尤指因路况恶劣或被阻断）”；D选项blunt“直言的；不锋利的”。句意：任何人的话他都不听，他对争论_______。根据语境，这里指他不受别人所说的话的影响，所以impervious“不受影响的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.翻译题

舞狮是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot)。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代，狮舞就己经被引入了皇室，因此，舞狮成为元宵节和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

【答案】LiondanceisoneofthemostpopularfolkdancesinChina.Thelionisthekingofanimals.InChinesetradition,thelionisregardedasamascot,whichcanbringgoodluck.Theancientsawthelionastheembodimentofcourageandstrength,whichcoulddriveawayevilandprotecthumanbeings.Itisrecordedthattheliondancehasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Inthetangdynasty,theliondancewasintroducedintotheroyalfamily.Therefore,performingtheliondanceattheLanternFestivalandotherfestiveoccasionsbecameacustomwherepeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safetyandhappiness.

10.单选题

Despitethe（）conditions,theroadwasfinishedinjusteightmonths.

问题1选项

A.attached

B.adverse

C.adequate

D.annual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attached“附加的；依恋的”；B选项adverse“不利的；敌对的”；C选项adequate“充足的；适当的；胜任的”；D选项annual“年度的；每年的”。句意：尽管存在种种（）情况，公路还是仅用8个月就完工了。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

IsuggestedtheideatotheSalesManager,andhesaidhewould（

）it.

问题1选项

A.lookoutfor

B.lookinto

C.lookthrough

D.lookover

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“留心，提防”；B选项“调查，观察，考虑”；C选项“浏览，温习”；D选项“检查，原谅”。句意：我向销售经理提出一个建议，他说他将（）。这里提出建议，经理肯定是要经过思考看是否可行的，所以答案选B。

12.单选题

Ithankedherforherhospitalityandherkindnessindrivingmebacktomyhotel.

问题1选项

A.sweetness

B.hostility

C.friendliness

D.sincerity

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我感谢她的盛情款待，感谢她开车送我回旅馆。hospitality意为“好客，殷勤”。sweetness愉快，美妙；hostility敌意；friendliness友谊，亲切；sincerity真实，诚挚。选项D更符合原句所表达的语境，所以正确。

13.单选题

ResearchersatUCLAMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,Californiafoundthata12-minutebedsidevisitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients,comparedtoa10percentdropwhenpatientshadavisitfromahumanvolunteer,andnodropinpatientswhohadnovisit.

Resultsofthe76-patientstudywerepresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociation’sannualScientificSessionsinDallas,Texas.ThestudywasfundedbythePetCareTrustFoundation,anon-profitorganizationwhichpromoteshuman-animalinteractionandbonding.Inthestudy,effectsofdogandvolunteervisitswerecomparedwiththoseofvolunteersonly,andwithpatientswhohadnovisitsandremainedatrest.Heartpressuresweremonitoredandpatientswereaskedtoansweralistofanxietyassessmentquestionsbeforeandafterthevisits.Althoughcriticalpressuremeasuresalsodecreased,suggestingimprovedcardiacfunction,themostmarkedresponsewasseeninanxietylevels.

“Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatthepatient’sfacialexpressionchangestoasmileandthestressoftheworldseemstobeliftedofftheirshoulders,”studyauthorKathyColesaid.Feelingsofdepressionandhelplessnessarecommonamongheartpatients,Colesaid,andjustthreenightsinahospitalisenoughtomakesomepatientsfeelanxiousandunsettled.Duringthevisit,thefurryfriendisallowedtolieonthebednexttothepatientwithitsheadwithintwofeetofthepatient’s.Mostpatientspettedthedog,whileothersengagedhumanvolunteersinconversationaboutthedog.

Dogsusedinthestudyarespeciallytrainedanimal-assistedtherapydogsthatundergoaseriesoftrainings,evaluationsandcertificationstoqualifyastherapydogs.Dogbreedsvaried.ResearchersusedeverythingfromBernesemountaindogstosmallschnauzers.However,adogdoesn’thavetobespeciallytrainedtohaveacalmingeffectonitshumancounterparts.Infact,theanimaldoesn’tevenhavetobeadoginordertohelp.“Aslongastheanimalhasmeaningtothepatient,orarelationshipwiththepatient,itcanhelpcalmthepatient,”Colesaid.

6.Welearnfromthetextthatheartpatientsbenefitmostfromvisits______.

7.Thestudyshowsthat,forheartpatients,______.

8.AccordingtoCole,thechangeofpatients’facialexpressionindicatesthat______.

9.Colebelievesthatdogsarehelpfultothepatientsif______.

10.Thisreportfocuseson______.

问题1选项

A.byavolunteerwithadog

B.byavolunteeronhisown

C.byawell-traineddogalone

D.byanon-profitorganization

问题2选项

A.theiranxietyisreducediftheystaylongerinhospital

B.theircontactwithanimalsimprovestheircondition

C.theirheartpressuredecreasesiftheyremainatrest

D.theirrecoveryreliesoncontactwithanimals

问题3选项

A.theyarehappywiththeexperiment

B.theyarepsychologicallycomforted

C.theirhospitalizationmaybeshortened

D.theirheartfunctionisreturningtonormal

问题4选项

A.theyarelimitedtocertainbreeds

B.theyarespeciallytrainedones

C.theyhavemeaningtothem

D.theystaywiththemallday

问题5选项

A.thehealingpowerofanimals

B.thetreatmentofheartdisease

C.therelationshipbetweendogsandhumans

D.thepromotionofhuman-animalinteraction

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】6.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“heartpatients”可以定位到文章第一段中visitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients（带着狗一起看病人，会使病人的焦虑感降低24%。），说明带着宠物看病人对心脏病患者有好处。因此A选项“由一位志愿者带着狗”正确。B选项“由志愿者一个人”，C选项“仅靠一只训练有素的狗”，D选项“靠非营利组织”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

7.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“heartpatients”可以定位到文章第一段中visitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients（带着狗一起看病人，会使病人的焦虑感降低24%。），说明和动物接触对心脏病人有好处。因此B选项“他们与动物的接触改善了他们的状况”正确。A选项“如果住院时间较长，他们的焦虑感就会减少”，由原文可知，长时间住院会让病人感到焦虑不安，所以A错误。C选项“如果一直休息，他们的心脏压力就会下降”，由原文可知，一直休息不会使病人的心脏压力下降，所以C错误。D选项“他们的康复依赖于与动物的接触”，原文只说了和动物接触对心脏病人有好处，并没有说要依赖于与动物的接触，所以D错误。

8.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“facialexpression”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatthepatient’sfacialexpressionchangestoasmileandthestressoftheworldseemstobeliftedofftheirshoulders（首先你会注意到，病人的面部表情变成了微笑，世界的压力似乎从他们的肩膀上消失了），文章前两段详细陈述了带着狗去看病人的好处，第三段开头就提到病人表情的变化，可以推断，在与动物接触之后，病人的心理压力变小。因此B选项“他们在心理上得到了安慰”正确。A选项“他们对实验很满意”，C选项“他们的住院时间可能会缩短”，D选项“他们的心脏功能正在恢复正常”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句“Aslongastheanimalhasmeaningtothepatient,orarelationshipwiththepatient,itcanhelpcalmthepatient,”Colesaid.（科尔说：“只要动物对病人有意义，或者与病人有关系，它就能帮助病人平静下来。”），说明任何动物只要对病人有意义，都有助于其病情的恢复，狗当然也不例外。因此C选项“对他们有意义”正确。A选项“仅限于某些品种”，由原文可知，对狗的品种没有限制，所以A错误。B选项“受过专业训练”，由原文可知，狗对人类的镇静作用并不需要经过特别训练，所以B错误。D选项“整天和他们在一起”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章主要讲述了一项研究的结果，即带着动物看病人对于患者有很大好处。因此A选项“动物的治愈力”正确。B选项“心脏病的治疗”，C选项“狗与人的关系”，D选项“促进人与动物之间的相互作用”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

14.单选题

Ifyoubecomereconciledtoyourlot,youwillnevergetanewstartinlife.

问题1选项

A.submissive

B.resistant

C.tolerable

D.committed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。reconcile表示“和解，调节”；A项submissive“顺从的，服从的”，B项resistant“抵抗的，反抗的”，C项tolerable“可以容忍的”，D项committed“坚定的，忠诚的”。句意：如果你甘心于自己的命运，你将永远无法重新开始生活。根据句意可知A项正确。

15.单选题

Agoodteachermustknowhowto_____hisideas.

问题1选项

A.convey

B.display

C.consult

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】convey传达，表达；display显示，陈列；consult查阅，商量；confront面对，遭遇。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何表达他的想法。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Itwasthebiggestscientificgrudgematchsincethespacerace.TheGenomeWarshadeverythingtwogroupswithappealing-leadersreadytofightinascientificdeadheatpushingthelimitsoftechnologyandrhetoricastheybattledtobecomethefirsttoreadeverylastoneofthe3billionDNA“letters”inthehumanbody.Thescientificimportanceoftheworkisunquestionable.

ThecompletedDNAsequenceisexpectedtogivescientistsunprecedentedinsightsintotheworkingsofthehumanbody,revolutionizingmedicineandbiology.Buttheraceitself,betweenthegovernment’sHumanGenomeProjectandRockville,Md.,biotechnologycompanyCeleraGenomics,wasatleastpartlysymbolic,thepublic/privateconflictplayedoutinagenericlab.

Nowtheraceisover.Afteryearsofpublicattacksandseveralfailedattemptsatreconciliation,thetwosidesaretakingasteptowardaperiodofcalm.HGPheadFrancisCollins(andAriPatrinosoftheDepartmentofEnergy,animportantallyonthegovernmentside)andCraigVenter,thefounderofCelera,agreedtoholdajointpressconferenceinWashingtonthisMondaytodeclarethattheracewasover(sortof),thatbothsideshadwon(kindof)andthatThehostilitieswereresolved(forthetimebeing).

Nooneisexactlysurehowthingswillbedifferentnow.Neithersidewillbeturningoffitssequencingmachinesanytimesoon—the"finishlines”eachhascrossedarelargelyarbitrarypoints,"firstdrafts"ratherthanthedefinitiveversion.Andwhilethejoint-announcementbringsfileformerGenomeWarriorsclosertogetherthanthey’rebeeninyears,insiderssaythatfutureagreementsaremorelikely’totaketheformofcoordination,rather-thanoutrightcollaboration.

Theconflictblewup,thisFebruarywhenBritain'sWelcomeTrustanHGPparticipantreleasedaconfidentiallettertoCeteraoutliningtheHGP'scomplaints.Ventercalledthemove“alowlifethingtodo.”Butbyspring,therewerethefirstsignsofathaw.“Theattacksandnastinessarebadforscienceandourinvestors,"VentertoldNewsweekinMarch,“andfightingbackisprobablynothelpful."Atacancermeetingearlierthismonth,VenterandCollinspraisedeachother’sapproaches,andexpressedhopethatallofthescientistsinvolvedinsequencingthehumangenomewouldbeabletosharethecredit.Bylatelastweek,thathopewasbecomingarealityasdetailsforMonday'sjointannouncementwerehammeredout.Scientistsinbothcampswelcomedanendtothehostilities."Ifthisendsthehorserace,sciencewins."Withtheirdifferencebehindthem,oratleastsetaside,thescientistsshouldnowbeabletogetdowntotheinterestingstuff:figuringhowtomakeuseofallthatdata.

1.TherecentGenomeWarsweresymbolicof（

）.

2.Thetone-oftheauthorinreportingthejointpressconferencethisMondayis

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat

（

）.

4.Theword"thaw"(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Thecriticalissuefacingthescientistsisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.theenthusiasminscientificresearch

B.thesignificanceofthespacerace

C.thepublicversusprivateconflict

D.theprospectofthecompletionofDNAsequence

问题2选项

A.astonished

B.enthusiastic

C.disappointed"

D.objective

问题3选项

A.the"finishlines"referstocompletionofDNAresearch.

B.formerGenomeWarriorswillneverfightagain.

C.theformerwarriorsarenowcollaborators

D.bothsideswillstillworkonindependently

问题4选项

A.aggravationoftension

B.improvementinrelation

C.intensificationinattacks

D.endingofcoordination

问题5选项

A.applythenewly-foundknowledgetothebenefitofmankind

B.endtheirhorseraceforthesuccessofscience

C.getdowntotheirgenomeresearch

D.settheirdifferencesaside

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句Buttheraceitself,betweenthegovernment’sHumanGenomeProjectandRockville,Md.,biotechnologycompanyCeleraGenomics,wasatleastpartlysymbolic,thepublic/privateconflictplayedoutinagenericlab可知选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段最后对周一记者招待会进行了报道。根据…declarethattheracewasover(sortof),thatbothsideshadwon(kindof)andthatThehostilitieswereresolved(forthetimebeing)可知作者对该会议的报道客观，引用会议双方的申明。所以选项D符合题意。

3.文章倒数第二段提到尽管共同宣言使得以前的基因勇士们比几年前更加亲密，内部人员未来达成的共识可能更多采取协调的形式，而不是直接的合作（Andwhilethejoint-announcementbringsfileformerGenomeWarriorsclosertogetherthanthey’rebeeninyears,insiderssaythatfutureagreementsaremorelikely’totaketheformofcoordination,rather-thanoutrightcollaboration）。选项D“双方会继续独立工作”与这个说法切合，因此符合题意。

4.文章倒数第一段一开始提到战争爆发（blewup），第三句Butbyspring,therewerethefirstsignsofathaw，“but”转折指出第一次有“thaw”的迹象，接着又提到赛来拉公司创始人认为对抗不好，可以推断出双方关系得到改善，thaw有“解冻”的意思，选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一句提到把矛盾抛诸脑后，或者至少应该放在一边，科学家们应该能够好好研究这个有趣的问题了，即怎么利用这些数据（Withtheirdifferencebehindthem,oratleastsetaside,thescientistsshouldnowbeabletogetdowntotheinterestingstuff:figuringhowtomakeuseofallthatdata）。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatconiesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundancemorethan4.000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchasescouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

4.Theword"abundance"(Line4,Paragraph4)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposaldosetheauthoranticipate?

问题1选项

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

问题2选项

A.amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollection

问题3选项

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

问题4选项

A.alargequantity

B.aformidablequality

C.aweirdappearance

D.avaluablerarity

问题5选项

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfail.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了考古学缺乏资金支持以及非法盗掘猖獗的现象，随后提出了针对性的解决方案。因此B项“一种遏制非法盗掘同时能让考古职业受益的方法”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:史前文物市场已经存在。第一段最后一句指出:Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder(其次，存在非法挖掘的问题，导致博物馆有收藏价值的文物被卖给出价最高的人)。因此A项符合文章所述。B:这种史前文物很少有科研价值。第三段指出:Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong(从理论上讲，你声称每件文物都有潜在的科学价值或许是对的。但实际上，你错了)。因此B项正确。C:博物馆里有很多这些史前文物。第五段指出:Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture(博物馆的地下室只是没有足够大到存放将来可能被发现的文物)。因此C项正确。D:这些史前文物在质量上常常优于那些编录到博物馆里的文物，此选项文章并未提及。因此答案为D。

第3题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered(甚至没有足够的钱对这些发现进行分类；结果，它们就再也找不到了，并且变得难以接近，像从未被发现过一样)。因此C项“这些史前文物通常保持未分类状态，因此一旦收藏起来就可能找不到了”正确。

第4题:词义题。根据题干定位至第四段:Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundancemorethan4.000examplessofar.破折号后面的morethan4.000examplessofar(到目前为止有多于四千件复制品)是用来解释说明abundance的，由此可知abundance表示“数量很多”。

第5题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder(此外，古代文物是我们全球文化遗产的一部分，所有人都可以