考研考博-英语-上海海事职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海海事职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Technologicaldevelopments（）newskillsinmanyindustries，leavingthoseworkerswithoutdatedskillsoutofwork.

问题1选项

A.necessitate

B.associate

C.negotiate

D.differentiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项necessitate“使成为必要，需要”，B选项associate“联想，联系”，C选项negotiate“谈判，商议”，D选项differentiate“区分，使有差别”。句意：技术的发展使许多行业产生了新技能，使那些拥有过时技能的工人失业。因此，A选项符合句意。

2.单选题

Themanoverthereis（

）ourprincipal.

问题1选项

A.nootherbut

B.noonethan

C.nootherthan

D.oneotherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:那个男人正是我们的首长。

考查短语辨析。nootherthan和noneotherthan都有“正是”的意思，但noneotherthan语气更强，还表示“惊奇、赞美、强调等语气”,故选D。

3.单选题

Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout（）.

问题1选项

A.thatseemedtobethebestroute

B.whatseemedtobethebestroute

C.whichseemedtobetilebestroute

D.somethingthattobethebestroute

【答案】B

【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。

4.单选题

Therewasoncean（）ideathattheearthwasflatandmotionless.

问题1选项

A.absurd

B.intrinsic

C.eternal

D.offensive

【答案】A

【解析】句意:曾经有一个荒谬的想法：认为地球是平的，静止的。

考查形容词辨析。absurd荒谬的;可笑的；intrinsic本质的;固有的;eternal永恒的;不朽的;offensive攻击的;冒犯的;无礼的;讨厌的。That从句解释说明了idea(想法):认为地球是平的，静止的。因此A项符合句意。

5.问答题

SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorceratein

A

B

theworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope.Contrary

C

tofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.

D

【答案】试题答案：A;Although/While

【解析】考查连词。由“theUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld（美国的离婚率仍然是世界上最高的，这一点令人怀疑）”和“thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope（在欧洲，离婚率的暂时下降并没有达到同样的程度）”可知此处表示转折关系，故用although或while。

6.单选题

Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare（）asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

问题1选项

A.referred

B.perceived

C.recommended

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer“参考，涉及"；perceive“理解，认知”;recommend“推荐，介绍”;presume“假定，推测”。句意：研究发现，那些有更多眼神交流的求职者会给人更机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsinmentalillnesses,butpositsthatthesefactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand（

）suchillnesses.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disguise“掩饰；假装”；B选项impede“阻碍；妨碍；阻止”；C选项consummate“完成；作成”；D选项precipitate“使（坏事）突然发生”；猛地落下”。句意：新的生物精神病学并没有否认心理因素在精神疾病中的作用，而是假设这些因素可能作为现有生理条件的催化剂而起作用，并······这类疾病。在本句中，“因素”与“疾病之间”是引起与被引起的关系。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

ThefootballclubreleasedplayerJayJohnEzikpebecausehedidnot（）them,butaddedthatatthemomenttheydidnotintendtosignonanyotherplayers.

问题1选项

A.impact

B.impress

C.illuminate

D.illustrate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。impact对…影响，撞击；impress给…深刻印象；illuminate照亮；illustrate阐明，举例说明。由前面的结果“足球俱乐部让Jay退出”可猜测原因是Jay没有给人留下深刻印象。句意：足球俱乐部让Jay退出,因为他没有给他们留下深刻印象，但他补充说目前他们不打算签下任何其他球员。故B项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thethievesdidn’tknowthattheyweredeceiveduntilthefakediamondturnedouttobe（）.

问题1选项

A.valuable

B.valueless

C.invaluable

D.priceless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项valuable“很重要的;宝贵的;”；B选项valueless“没有价值的;不值钱的”；C选项invaluable“极有用的;极宝贵的”；D选项priceless“无价的;极珍贵的”。句意：直到最后发现那颗假钻石毫无价值，窃贼才知道自己上当受骗了。根据关键词“假钻石”可知B符合句意。

10.单选题

Theareaaroundthemainrailroadstationandexhibitionhalloffersan（）combinationofancienthistoryandnaturalhistory.

问题1选项

A.arrogant

B.agreeable

C.ambitious

D.innocent

【答案】B

【解析】arrogant自大的,傲慢的；agreeable令人愉快的,和蔼可亲的；ambitious野心勃勃的；innocent无知的。句意：主火车站和展览馆周围的区域呈现出古代历史和自然历史的完美结合。根据句意这里应填入的为褒义词,所以选项B符合语境。

11.单选题

Theeradicationofsmallpoxinspiredtheworldtoeradicateotherinfectiousdiseases.Thisoptimismwasinvain,asinfectiousdiseasesarestillabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.callous

B.deliberate

C.futile

D.negligent

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.callous无情的；麻木的B.deliberate故意的；深思熟虑的

C.futile无用的D.negligent疏忽的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】第一句句意为：天花的消灭带动全世界其他传染病的消灭。划线短语后句意为：因为传染病在世界一些地区仍然是一个大问题。根据这两句之间的逻辑可知，这种乐观是徒劳的。因此C选项futile“无用的”正确。划线短语invain“徒劳的，无用的”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】天花的根除激励了全世界去根除其他传染病。这种乐观是徒劳的，因为传染病在世界一些地区仍然是一个大问题。

12.单选题

Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeveryartsciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicrafts,andothervocations,likefarmingandfishery,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabulary,isveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourfamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheirolderstrata,becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersonsandhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yeteveryvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedomandabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussions,andseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yetnoprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessiononcewere,acloseguild（行会）.Thelawers,thephysician,themanofscience,thedivine,associatedfreelywithhisfellow-creatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalled’’popularscience"makeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodemviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutitasinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thusourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.

1.Specialwordsusedintechnicaldiscussion（

）.

2.Itistruethat（

）

3.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthenumberoftechnicaltermsintheterminologyof（

）.

4.Thewriterofthearticlewasundoubtedly（

）.

5.Theauthor'smainpurposeinthepassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.neverlastlong

B.shouldbeconfinedtoscientificfields

C.maybecomepartofcommonspeech

D.areconsideredartificiallanguagespeech

问题2选项

A.everyoneisinterestedinscientificfinding

B.theaveragemanoftenusesinhisownvocabularywhatwasoncetechnicallanguagenotmeantforhim

C.aneducatedpersonwouldbeexpectedtoknowmosttechnicalterms

D.variousprofessionsandoccupationsofteninterchangetheirdialectsandjargons

问题3选项

A.fishery

B.farming

C.government

D.sports

问题4选项

A.alinguist

B.anattorney

C.anscientist

D.anessayist

问题5选项

A.describeaphenomenon

B.proposeasolution

C.beentertaining

D.argueabelief

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章最后一句：Thusourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.因此，我们的日常用语总是采用新的技术术语，使它们变得司空见惯。在一种新的技术词汇产生之后，经过同化，变成了日常语言的一部分。所以C选项正确。

2.文章说明了一种现象，即在新的科技成果出现后，便成为人们津津乐道的话题，变成人们日常生活的一部分。个人也将科技成果变成日常生活用于的一部分，所以B选项‘普通人经常在自己的词汇中使用曾经对他毫无意义的技术语言‘正确。

3.particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.可知，在自然科学、政治学科以及机械艺术方面的词汇大量增加，C选项符合题意。

4.全文讨论了专业词汇、科技词汇与人们日常生活的关系，可知作者从语言学的角度分析了科技产生的词汇。作者应属于语言学家，A选项符合题意。

5.文章至始至终在讨论科技产生伴随着科技词汇的产生，进而科技词汇也影响着人们的日常生活，逐渐成为一体，作者描述了这样一种特有的现象，所以A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnot（）fortheelectionofsucharadicalcandidateasMr.Jones.

问题1选项

A.reasonable

B.ripe

C.ready

D.practical

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。reasonable明理的,

理智的；ripe成熟的；ready准备好的；practical实际的,

现实的。根据前面的time可知，这里指时机不成熟。选项B符合句意。句意：舆论认为，选举像琼斯先生这样激进的候选人的时机还不成熟。

14.单选题

Hello,mynameisRichardandIamanegosurfer.Thehabitbeganaboutfiveyearsago,andnowIneedhelp.Likemostjournalists,Ican'tdenythatoneofmyprivatejoysisseeingmybylineinprint.Nowtheinternetisallowingmetofeedthisvanitytoanevergreaterextent,andtheoccasionalsneakywebsearchhasgrownintoafull-blownobsessionwithhowhighupGoogle'srankingmyarticlesappearwhenIputmynameintothesearchbox.WhenIlastlooked,mybesteffortwasaratherhumiliating47thplace.Youknowyouhaveaproblemwhenyoufindyourselfcompetingforrankingwitharetiredbasketballplayerfromthe1970s.

NotthatI'maloneinsufferingfromadysfunctionaltechno-habit.Newtechnologieshaverevealedawholeraftofhithertounsuspectedpersonalityproblems:thinkcrackberry,powerpointlessnessorcheesepodding.Mostofusarefamiliarwithsendinganemailtoacolleaguesittingacoupleoffeetawayinsteadoftalkingtothem.Somegoontothewebtosnooponoldfriends,colleaguesorevenfirstdates.MoreofusthaneverrevealhighlypersonalinformationonblogsorMySpaceentries.Afewwillevenuseinternetanonymitytofoolothersintobelievingtheyaresomeoneelsealtogether.Soarethesewebsyndromesandtechnologicalticsnewversionsofoldafflictions,orarewedevelopingfreshmindbugs?

Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink."Youcanbecomeaddictedtopotentiallyanythingyoudo,"saysMarkGriffiths,anaddictionresearcheratNottinghamTrentUniversityintheUK,"becauseaddictionsrelyonconstantrewards."Indeed,althoughdefinitionsofaddictionvary,thereisabodyofevidencethatsuggestsdrugaddictionsandnon-drughabitssharethesameneuralpathways.Whileonlyahardcorefewcanbeconsideredtruetechnologyaddicts,anentirelyunscientificsurveyoftheweb,andofNewScientiststaff,hasrevealedhowprevalenttechno-addictionsmayhavebecome.

Thewebinparticularhasopenedupahostofopportunitiesforoverindulgence.TakeWikipedia,Updatingtheentries—somethinganyonecando—hasbecomealmostawayoflifeforsome.Therearemorethan2400"Wikipedians",whohaveeditedmorethan4000pageseach."It'sclearlylikecrackforsomepeople,"saysDanCloselyatCornellUniversityinNewYork,whohasstudiedhowwebsitessuchasWikipediafosteracommunity.TocommittedWikipedians,hesays,thesiteismorethanausefulinformationresource;it'stheembodimentofanideologyoffreeinformationforall.

ThentherearephotologsiteslikeFlickr.Whilemostofuswouldratherdiethanbecaughtsurreptitiouslybrowsingthroughsomeoneelse'sphotos,thereneedbenosuchqualmsabouttheprivatepicspeopleputuponthesesites.MostpeopleusingFlickrandsimilarsitesspenttimeeachdaybrowsingalbumsownedbypeopletheyhadnevermet.Theydothisforemotionalkicks.KhalidandDixsuggest:flickingthroughsomeoneelse'sweddingphotos,forexample,allowspeopletodaydreamabouttheirownnuptials.

Emailisanotherareawherethingscangetoutofhand.Whileemailhasledtoarevivalofthehabitofpenningshortnotestofriendsandacquaintances,theeasewith,whichwecandothismeansthatwedon'talwaysthinkhardenoughaboutwhereourcasualcommentscouldendup.ThiswastheundoingofUSbroadcasterKeithOlbermann,whoearlierthisyearsentaprivateemailinwhichhedescribedafellowMSNBCreporteras"dumberthanasuitcaseofrocks".UnfortunatelyforOlbermann,thewordsfoundtheirwayintotheNewYorkDailyNews.

PamBriggs,aspecialistinhuman-computerinteractionattheUniversityofNorthumbria,UK,saysthelackofcuessuchasfacialexpressionsorbodylanguagewhencommunicatingelectronicallycanleadustoovercompensateinwhatwesay."Themediumissothin,there'slittleroomforprojectingourselvesintoit,"saysBriggs."Whenallthesocialcuesdisappear,wefeelwehavetoputsomethingelseintothevoid,whichisoftenanoveremotionalorover-intimatemessage."

ThehabitofforwardingjokeyemailsorYouTubevideos―thinkDietCokeandMentosfountains—canalsosayalotabouthowpeoplewanttobeperceived,Briggsadds."Werarelywanttobeseenastooserious,sowetrytoprojectmoreofourpersonalityintoemail."Thiscouldalsoexplainwhymanybloggersexposeprivateinformationthattheywouldnevershoutouttoacrowdedroom.

1.Richardfeltdisgracedwhenhefound（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingsareconsideredasoneofthewebsyndromes,EXCEPT（）

.

3.WhichofthefollowingistruetoWikipedia?

4.BrowsingFlickrandsimilarsitesshowsthat（）

.

5.Whatdoestheparagraphmainlytalkedabout?

问题1选项

A.hisarticlewasratedlow

B.hegotadysfunctionaltechno-habit

C.hecomparedhimselfwitharetiredbasketballplayer

D.hebecamemoreegocentric

问题2选项

A.pryintotheprivateaffairsofothers

B.exposinghighlypersonalaffairsonthenet

C.surfingforinformationofcolleagues

D.talkingtonearbycolleaguesbyemail

问题3选项

A.Morethan4000pagesareofferedforedition.

B.Morethan2400Wikipediansworkfortheedition.

C.Everyonecandotherevisiononthewebpage.

D.Theentriescontributetopeople'sdevelopment.

问题4选项

A.peopledonotcarebecaughtwhilebrowsingthroughother'spics

B.peopleworryaboutuploadingthosepersonalalbums

C.peoplecanmakebetterarrangementoftheirownwedding

D.peopleflickthroughother'sphototostimulatetheirownemotion

问题5选项

A.Thewebinparticularhasopenedupahostofopportunitiesforoverindulgence.

B.Drugaddictionsandnon-drughabitssharethesameneuralpathways.

C.Peoplecanbecomeaddictedtopotentiallyanythingyoudo.

D.Newtechnologieshaverevealedsomeunsuspectedpersonalityproblems.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的倒数第二句“WhenIlastlooked,mybesteffortwasaratherhumiliating47thplace.”当我最后一次看的时候,我写的最好的一篇文章竟然排在相当丢人的第47名。所以选项A正确。

2.根据关键词“websyndromes”定位到第二段,网络综合症包括给坐在不远处的同事发邮件而不是直接和他们交谈；在网上窥探老朋友,同事甚至初次约会对象的隐私；在博客或个人空间里展现完全属于个人隐私的信息；还有人利用网络匿名来欺骗他人。选项A,B,D均有提及,只有选项C不属于网络综合症。

3.根据第四段的第三句“Therearemorethan2400"Wikipedians",whohaveeditedmorethan4000pageseach.”有2400多个“维基百科人”,每人编辑了4000多页的网页。选项B符合原文。

4.根据关键词“Flickr”定位到第五段“MostpeopleusingFlickrandsimilarsitesspenttimeeachdaybrowsingalbumsownedbypeopletheyhadnevermet.Theydothisforemotionalkicks.”大多数使用Flickr和类似网站的人每天都花时间浏览素未谋面的人的相册。他们这样做是受到情感的剌激。也就是为了激发自己的情感,所以选项D符合原文。

5.文章第二段的一二句为本文的中心句。本文主要是阐述新科技对个人产生的一些影响,揭示了一些未被发现的人的个性方面存在的问题。所以本题选D。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

15.单选题

Whenhefinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,Johnwas（）pale.

问题1选项

A.enormously

B.startlingly

C.uniquely

D.dramatically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。enormously非常地，极其，在极大程度上地；startlingly惊人地，使人惊奇地；uniquely独特地，珍奇地；dramatically显著地，剧烈的。前半句提到“他30天后才从洞穴里爬出来”可知出来的时候，他脸色看上去白得让人吃惊。故B项最符合题意。

16.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overlastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（扰乱）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技术的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles,theywereyoungbeautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult”.OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates.Sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

问题2选项

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization

问题3选项

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

问题4选项

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

问题5选项

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“法国社会学家发现上个世纪从家庭生活转变为个人生活是个人主义必然的一部分”（Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overlastcentury），选项A“他们被个人主义所驱使”符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“现在独居的人出现在欧洲从社会民主转向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义期间”（Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism），选项B“它正在接近美国式资本主义”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到最新的独居者是一些三四十岁的高收入者，他们年轻、漂亮、强壮（thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice；theywereyoungbeautiful,strong），选项D“健康的和富有的”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段引用的话“我想做我想做的事情：过自主的生活”（Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife”），由此可知现代女人都期望过自主的生活，因此选项A“很多现代女人想过自由的生活”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章从一开始到结尾就是在讲述独居人群从之前的退休人群，尤其是老年妇女（pensioners,particularlyelderlywomen）到现在的年轻的高收入者这样一个趋势，选项C“为了探究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。

17.单选题

Hewilllive（

）whathisparentsexpectofhim.

问题1选项

A.on

B.off

C.upto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配liveupto“不辜负，达到”，liveon“以……为食”；liveoff“依靠……生活”；liveto“活到……岁”，句子要表达的意思是“他将不会辜负父母对他的期望”，因此选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildrencollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“令人恐惧的”；B选项“有希望的，有前途的”；C选项“冰点以下的，结冰的”；D选项“揭露真情的，有启迪作用的”；题干中chilling“令人恐惧的”，句意：分析表明，在孩子上大学和我们自己的退休保障之间的权衡令人不寒而栗。因此A选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Television一thatmostpervasive(遍布的)andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachedthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyors(传播者)ofthenews,informationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghavenotonlyshapedtelevisionbutourperception(感觉)aswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Theword“put”（2ndsentenceof2ndPara.）couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmissions?

4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Recentchangesinmodemtechnology.

B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

问题2选项

A.expressed

B.asked

C.placed

D.inserted

问题3选项

A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicsimpulses.

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawirecable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

问题4选项

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Non-broadcast.

问题5选项

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewersaregrowntiredoftelevision.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段讲到电视将改变我们的生活和我们的世界，接下来讲述了电视在当今社会所扮演的角色。所以选项C最能概括全文。

2.语义题。根据前后文可知，verysimplyput可以理解为“简单地说”，这里的put意为“表达”，所以本题选A。

3.细节判断题。根据第二段的第二句“televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.”可知选项A和B正确；根据第二段的最后一句“Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.”可知选项D正确，而选项C错误。原文指转换成相同的图像，而不是把一种图像转换成另一种图像。所以本题选C。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后一句“thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroups”可知选项D正确。

5.细节推断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.”我们的娱乐来源于显像管，在这个静态的媒体面前扮演着被动的观看者的角色。选项A换了一种方式表达，也是符合原文的。

20.单选题

Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally（）becauseofthebadweather.

问题1选项

A.setoff

B.brokeoff

C.wornoff

D.calledoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组。A:setoff“出发；（使）开始”；B:brokeoff“突然停止”；C:wornoff“磨损”；D:calledoff“取消”。句意：原定于上星期五举行的运动会，由于天气不好，最终取消。结合语境，可知D为正确答案。

21.单选题

Whenyouareatcollege,youshouldnot（）yourstudy.

问题1选项

A.getabigkickin

B.foolaroundwith

C.setaside

D.drawon

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项getabigkickin“得到极大的乐趣”；B选项foolaroundwith“与不三不四的人鬼混”；C选项setaside“驳回，不管”；D选项drawon“利用，吸收”。句意：在上大学的时候，你不应该把学习放在一边不管不顾。选项C符合语境。

22.单选题

Bythelatenineteenthcentury,thefocusfortheengineersandbuildersoftunnelswasbeginningtoshiftfromEuropetotheUnitedStatesandespeciallyNewYork,wheretheriversencirclingManhattancapturedtheimaginationoftunnelersandchallengedtheiringenuity.ThefirsttoacceptthechallengewasasomewhatmysteriousCaliforniannamedDeWittClintonHaskin,whoturnedupinNewYorkinthe1870’swithaproposaltotunnelthroughthesitundertheHudsonRiverbetweenManhattanandJerseyCity.

Haskineventuallyabandonedtheriskyproject.ButacompanyorganizedbyWilliamMcAdooresumedtheattackin1902,workingfrombothdirections.McAdoo’smenwereforcedtoblastwhentheyranintoanunexpectedledgeofrock,butwiththisobstaclesurmountedthetwoheadingsmetin1904andMcAdoodonnedoilskinstobecometheHudson’sfirstunderwaterbank-to-bankpedestrian.World’sWorkmagazineproudlyreportedin1906thatNe