考研考博-英语-云南财经职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南财经职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

问题1选项

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装。Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。即需要将be动词/助动词/情态动词放在主语前，句中的实义动词位置不变。句意：他只有在获得相当多的说的能力之后，才学会读和写。AD选项都没有使用倒装，可以排除，C选项倒装后句中缺少主语，故选B。

2.单选题

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

问题1选项

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。

3.单选题

Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein（

）.

问题1选项

A.news

B.print

C.publication

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。news意为“新闻，消息”；print意为“印刷业，印记”；publication意为“出版”；press意为“新闻，出版社”。inprint意为“印出来”。

句意：当看到我的名字出现在出版物上时，我有一种奇怪的兴奋感。

4.单选题

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

问题2选项

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

问题3选项

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

问题4选项

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense这种策略通常是实现另一个社区的代价,”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通过这种做法带来的就业和相关收入的转移，一个城镇的胜利可能成为另一个城镇的悲剧”，可知，在八十年代以前，经济的发展都是本地化的，只能为自己所在的社区带来经济利益。C项“它们可以为它们所处的地区提供真正的经济利益。”正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企业只雇佣了一小部分受过专门训练的制造劳动力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土产业和人才被留在国内，创造了一个既提供就业又促进进一步创业的环境”。可知作者是对本土的企业持有比较乐观的态度。

3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs这种办法比夺走其他地理地区的工作而使其受害要好”可知与B项“它不会牺牲一个当地劳动力的利益而使另一个劳动力受益。”相符。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要目的在于通过讲解三种不同的经济发展策略，告诉读者哪种发展策略优势比较明显，同时三种发展策略对经济有哪些好的促进作用。故D项“审查和评估用于刺激经济发展的战略和方案。”符合题意。

5.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

YourSmartphoneHasOfficiallyHijackedYourLife(46)It’stimeforyoutotakestepNo.1andacknowledgedthatthereisaproblemthatyouarepowerlesstoresolve—thatthemomentyouandyourdatefinishorderingdinneryoupulloutyoursmartphonesandstarttextingsoyoudon’thavetofacethepossibilityofsilence;thatyouhavecometobelievethatyoumore-or-lessactuallyhavereadWarandPeacebecauseyoureadtheplotsummaryonWikipedia;thatyoufindoutwhatyourkidisuptonotbytalkingtoherbutbymonitoringherFacebookpage;(47)thatatworkyousimplycannotgomorethan10minuteswithoutsurreptitiouslycheckingemailnomatterhowmuchelseyouhavetodo—andthatiftherearenonewmessagesyoufeellikeatotalloser;thatyou’realwaystakingpicturesofyourselfwithyourfriendssoyoucancheckonhowgoodyoulook;thatyoucheatonthecrosswordpuzzle;thateventhoughyou’remarriedyouarealwaysassessingyourmarketvalueon—whichisnotcheating,right?

(48)Butthinkoftheupsides.Youcannevergetlostanymore,youalwaysknowhowtopackforwhereveritisyou’regoing.Youdealwithfewermediocremeals,fewerhotelswithlousyservice.Therearenoticketlinesforthemovie,noneedforpick-uplinesatbarsorexcruciatingintroQ-and-Asatparties,noriskofboredomasyouplayTempleRunorcheckstockpricesbetweensubwaystops.(49)Goneisthefrustrationofnotbeingabletoidentifythesongyou’rehearing,ortheinadequacyofnotknowingthemeaningoftheacronymthattheknow-it-allinthenextofficeusedatyesterday’sstaffmeeting.Instantexpertiseoneverysubject,andallthedatayoucouldimaginetobackupyourownpersonalconvictionsabouttheevilsofgluten,deliveredtoyourbraininpredigestedparagraphs.Cameraatthereadyforeveryphotoop,voicerecorderforwhateverideapopsintoyourheadandoutofyourmouth.(50)Sowhatifyourattentionspanhasbeenfragmentedintonanoseconds,ifyoumeasureyoursociallifebyFacebookfriends,yourprofessionalworthbyGooglehits,andtheworstwordsyoucanimagineare“airplanemode”?

Weareallone-marshmallowOCDnarcissists,grantedbyourdevicesthemagicofcomprehensiveinstantgratification,ofself-reinforcingworldviews,ofcontroloverthedailyminutiaofourfatesandfortunes.Tonotbeirrevocablyaddictedtooursmartphoneswouldbesenseless.

Thatbeingsaid,whyisitthattheessenceofourapp-mediatedexistenceseemssoeerilyreminiscentofsomeofourmostfamousandenduringvisionsofdystopia?

【答案】【参考译文】

46.是时候采取第一步，承认你有一个无力解决的问题。

47.在工作中，不管你还有多少事要做，你根本无法超过十分钟不去偷偷地查看邮件，而且如果没有新消息，你会觉得自己是一个十足的失败者。

48.但是想想好的方面。你再也不会迷路了，而且无论去哪里，你都知道怎么打包行李。

49.无法辨别听到的歌曲的挫败感，或者不知道隔壁办公室那个万事通在昨天的员工会议上使用的首字母缩略词的意思的不足感都已经消失了。

50.所以，如果你的注意力被分割成几纳秒，如果你用脸书上的好友数来衡量你的社交生活，用谷歌点击量来衡量你的职业价值而你能想到的最糟糕的词是“飞行模式”，那将会怎么样？

6.单选题

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?

问题1选项

A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.

B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

问题2选项

A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.

B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.

问题3选项

A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.

B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thecostoflabor.

问题4选项

A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.

C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.

问题5选项

A.Howtotapnaturalresources.

B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.

C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.

D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，一个商品的机会成本是什么？”。根据第二段中的Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.（比如说，建造一架超音速飞机的真正成本是因此造成学校和冰箱永远不会被建立。每一种生产行为都会消耗一些社会可用资源；它意味着放弃一个生产其他东西的机会。在决定如何最有效地利用资源以满足社会需求时，必须考虑到这种机会成本。）可知，机会成本是指一种生产行为导致了另外一种生产的机会的丧失，即生产一种产品的机会成本可能是生产其他产品的价值，D项“本可以生产的东西的价值”正确；A项“生产过程中所消耗的材料、劳动力和其他要素的价格”、B项“生产它所花费的时间和金钱”和C项“生产过程中使用的所有资源的价值”都是包括在“生产一种产品是生产其他产品的价值”内。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“生产与资源的关系是什么？”。根据第一段Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity…Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（无论在绝对意义上还是相对意义上，资源都可以说是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，这是绝对稀缺……为一种目的使用的材料不得同时为其他目的使用；如果一种投入的数量是有限的，那么它在一个生产过程中的增加使用必然会导致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）可以推知，如果资源投入的数量有限，生产过程中的增加使用会减少可用资源的数量，A项“生产减少了可用资源的数量”正确；由此也可知B项“生产与资源无关”和C项“生产随着资源的增加而增加”错误；D项“生产是由可用资源刺激的”不能推断出来。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在市场经济中，什么决定了一件商品的价格？”。根据第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.（在市场经济中，一种商品的价格和供给量取决于生产该商品的成本，而成本最终是不生产其他商品的成本。）可知，A项“生产中涉及的所有要素的成本”正确；由此也可知B项“提供材料的数量”和C项“生产过程的效率”错误；D项“劳动力成本”是包括在成本之内的，除了劳动力成本还有其他要素的成本。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？”。由第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere…（在市场经济中，一种商品的价格和供给量取决于生产该商品的成本，而成本最终是不生产其他商品的成本。比方说，一双鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生产过程中所消耗的其他元素的价格。但反过来，这些原料的价格取决于它们在其他地方能生产什么……）可知，产品的价格取决于生产中涉及的所有要素的成本，反过来，投入的材料的价格由能够生产的其他产品决定，即机会成本，所以可以推断，产品的价格反映了机会成本，D项“产品的价格反映了它的机会成本”正确；由此也可知C项“产品的价格反映了它在社会中的实用性”错误；A项“产品成本反映了它在社会中的实用性”表述不正确，产品的成本有很多要素，其中的原料要素成本才是反映它在社会中的实用性；B项“产品的成本取决于它的质量”错误，产品的成本包括很多要素，而其中的原料成本取决于能够生产的其他产品是什么。因此，该题选择D项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在资源方面，经济学家关心什么？”。第一段讲了资源的相对稀缺性：Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（无论在绝对意义上还是相对意义上，资源都可以说是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，这是绝对稀缺；但是，经济学家关注的稀缺性是不同用途资源的相对稀缺性。为一种目的使用的材料不得同时为其他目的使用；如果一种投入的数量是有限的，那么它在一个生产过程中的增加使用必然会导致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）然后第二段主要阐述产品的机会成本，综合推理可知，在资源方面，经济学家关心的是如何利用现有的资源，C项“如何合理利用现有资源”正确；A项“如何开发自然资源”文中没有提及；B项“如何应对资源的绝对稀缺”不正确，在第一段就提到了经济学家关注的是相对稀缺性；D项“如何将资源的绝对稀缺转化为相对稀缺”与文意不符。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Iwillholdyoupersonally（）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.diverse

C.feasible

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项responsible“负责的，可靠的”；B选项diverse“不同的，相异的”；C选项feasible“可行的，可能的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意：如果这个项目出了什么差错，我将追究你的（）。本句表达的意思是“会追究你的责任”，因此A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Don’tgettheideathatI’veboughtanewcar.SincethemotorofmyoldVolkswagenstartedtomakeanoddnoiselastweek,I’mhavingitrepaired.Idrivethissubstituteforafewdays.

问题1选项

A.gettheideathat

B.I’mhavingitrepaired

C.drive

D.forafewdays

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】时态错误。把drive改成havebeendriving。根据后面的afewdays跟句意可知C处应该用现在完成进行时。

9.单选题

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisifporedwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreattentionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningis（

）.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresult,achildshouldalsolearnto

（

）.

3.Childrentendtoimitatethemodels

（

）.

4."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson（

）.

问题1选项

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

问题2选项

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

问题3选项

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

问题4选项

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第二段“Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.如果儿童对新情况缺乏一个快速的反应，并且不能推断出该做什么，他就会观察学习那些能给出正确结果的人。孩子寻找权威人士或专家来告诉他们该做什么。”可知孩子模仿学习的首要原因是他们需要找到一种能得到想要的结果的方式，他们并不是模仿所有的东西。由此可知B项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段的举例及“Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.孩子也许能够达到他的直接目标，但却发现他的方法招致了观察他的人的批评。”以及“Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.因此，解决任何客观情况的愿望都被以恰当方式解决问题的愿望所覆盖。”可知用适当的方法来解决问题很重要。答案A

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.如果一个学生想成为一名优秀的小提琴手，他会观察并尝试模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜欢阅读，那么书本上的对他影响最大的人可能是其想模仿的对象。”故C项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由第五段第一句“Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.欣赏一个人的某种品质常常会令我们仰慕整个人，这个人就变成了我们的榜样。由“admireapersonasawhole”可推断出该词意为“榜样”，故答案A

10.单选题

TheRomanswerehardworkingandfrugal,self-reliant,seriousabouttheirresponsibilitiesandsteadfastinthefaceofadversity.

问题1选项

A.economical

B.cautious

C.courageous

D.righteous

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.economical节俭的，节约的B.cautious小心的，谨慎的

C.courageous勇敢的，无畏的D.righteous公正的，正直的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】frugal的意思为“（对金钱、食物等）节约的，节俭的”，用来形容theRomans，指的是罗马人很勤俭节约，economical与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】罗马人勤劳节俭，自力更生，认真履行他们的责任，面对逆境也坚定不移。

11.单选题

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

问题1选项

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。while在这里的意思为“尽管”；since“因为；由于，既然”，because“因为”；when“当……”。根据句子意思推断选项A最符合题意。句意为：尽管我们对于乳腺癌了解很多，但是关于治疗的最精准的方法仍处于测试阶段。

12.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.

问题1选项

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，却做了。句意：早知道是个小型家庭聚会，我们本不必穿这么正式。因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

问题1选项

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语词义辨析。题目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A选项为“渴望去做某事”；B选项为“迟到”;C选项为“对……漠不关心”；D选项为“开心做某事”。由题意可知，我已经迫不及待要听你的英语课了。因此，正确答案是A项。

14.单选题

Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.

问题1选项

A.aerosol

B.crate

C.margarine

D.gadget

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.aerosol喷雾器B.crate大木箱；板条箱

C.margarine人造黄油D.gadget小器具；小配件

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由第二句句意“这是用来分离蛋黄和蛋白的”可知，空格处是一种将鸡蛋的蛋清和蛋白分离的工具，D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】你见过那个方便的小工具吗？它可以用来分离蛋黄和蛋白的。

15.单选题

ThescientistshaveWadea（）studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.

问题1选项

A.exhausted

B.exhausting

C.exhaustive

D.exhaustion

【答案】C

【解析】句意:科学家已经对产生疾病的病菌做了详尽的研究。

考查形近词辨析。exhausted筋疲力尽的，耗尽的；exhausting使人疲惫不堪的；exhaustive详尽的，彻底的，全面的；exhaustion筋疲力尽，耗尽。因此C项正确。

16.不定项选择题

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

问题1选项

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

问题2选项

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

问题3选项

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

问题4选项

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

问题5选项

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，适应环境的根本事实是，所有的动物和植物都有一定的能力来适应环境的变化。A选项“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意为“有适应环境的能力”，与原文相符；B选项“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意为“一次只能适应环境的一种变化”，原文没有相关表达；C选项“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意为“能成功地让自身适应环境的变化”，有一定的适应环境变化的能力，并不等于成功；D选项“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意为“能适应环境的自然变化，但不能适应人为诱导的变化”，原文未提及人为诱导的变化。因此A选项符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需要四个选项逐个分析。A选项“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意为“环境的任何变化都需要生物适应”，原文是适应与生物不适合或者致命的环境，但不是所有变化都要适应；B选项“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意为“植物和动物的相似之处多于它们的不同之处”，原文并未就动植物的相似处与不同处进行比较；C选项“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意为“随着科学的发展，术语的内涵可能会发生变化”与原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”随着知识和理解的增加，单词的意义也在变化；D选项“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意为“生物学家和生理学家本质上研究的是