考研考博-英语-厦门理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit（）.

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

问题2选项

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

问题3选项

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

问题4选项

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

问题5选项

A.RoleofInheritance.

B.AnUnbornChild.

C.Functionofinstincts.

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干意为:以下哪项不正确？A:孕期妈妈通过学习诗歌、艺术或者数学，以影响宝宝的某种品质。B:完全不能从产前发育中学到什么。C:母亲的血管和孩子没有直接连接。D:母亲和宝宝之间的神经系统没有连接。文章第一句指出:Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible(孕期妈妈通过学习诗歌、艺术或者数学，以影响宝宝的某种品质，以期获得众所周知的“产前发展”，但是，这似乎是不可能的)。因此A项正确,B项错误。第一段还指出:Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly(母亲和宝宝之间的神经系统没有连接。甚至，母亲的血管和孩子没有直接连接),因此C和D项正确。答案选B。

2.细节事实题。题干意为:在什么情况下，母亲影响未出生的宝宝？第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse(妈妈情绪上的波动会影响到宝宝，因为这能改变她腺体的活性和血液中的化学成分。妈妈血液中化学成分的任何改变都会或好或坏的影响到宝宝)。因此，A项“她的情绪波动”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干意为:根据文章，孩子会遗传什么？根据题干关键词child和inherit定位至第二段:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而，可能是孩子或多或少遗传了相当普通的能力,我们把它称之为智力)。因此，C项“我们称之为智力的一种相当普通的能力”正确。

4.细节事实题。题干意为:如果孩子从母亲那遗传了一些东西，如特别灵敏的耳朵、构造独特的双手和特别的发音器官，那么，他会怎么样？第三段指出:Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(对于音乐才能，宝宝可能遗传的可能是特别灵敏的耳朵、构造独特的双手、由神经和肌肉相互连接的发音器官，而上述条件能让一个人相对容易地习得音乐家的动作和特别饱满的感情。如果这些因素都围绕音乐而被组织起来，那么，孩子可能成为音乐家)。因此选D项“在所有因素都围绕着音乐而组织的时候，他会成为音乐家”。

5.主旨大意题。题干意为:最适合文章的标题是…文章主要是通过介绍孕期妈妈与未出生的宝宝相关品质的关系，进而分析在宝宝的天赋形成过程中，遗传起到什么样的作用。因此A项“遗传的角色”比较适合做文章标题。

2.单选题

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

问题1选项

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

问题2选项

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

问题3选项

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

问题5选项

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段的内容为：在大气中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面单面镜子或温室屋顶上的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，但阻止热量溢出。因此选D，在大气中二氧化碳的浓度将提高地球表面的温度。

第2题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段主要讲了二氧化碳对全球气候的影响，最后两段主要讲了太阳活动对全球气候变暖的影响，因此选D，本文主要解释影响天气的原因。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一种可能是太阳的变化行为）可知选D，部分的原因是太阳活动的变化。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（问题是，这些模型预测，世界应该进入一个新的冰河时代，但事实并非如此）可知A选项“世界气候应该变得更冷”符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的温室效应可以抵消太阳热量的减少）可知选B，如果关于新冰河延期的假设是正确的，那么冰很快就会覆盖北半球。

3.单选题

Someorganizationsfindthemselvesfacedwithnewproductopportunities,orwithprojectsthathavea（）startingandendingpoint.

问题1选项

A.definite

B.definitive

C.defined

D.defining

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definite“一定的；明确的”；B选项definitive“最后的；确定的”；C选项defined“界定的；轮廓清晰的”；D选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”。句意：一些组织发现他们自己面临着新的产品机会，或者有起点和终点的项目。根据句意可推断出空格处应为“明确的”，A、B选项均有此意，但侧重点不同，definite强调明显、清楚、有把握；definitive强调最终、权威、不可更改，侧重于最终的结果，这里是修饰“起点和终点”，并非强调结果，因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

问题1选项

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项muchmore“更加；多得多”，后面接形容词；B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”，后面可跟名词、代词和从句；C选项muchlesstodo非固定搭配；D选项stillmore“更加”。句意：这位父亲甚至不能约束自己，______给他的孩子做个好榜样了。根据语境，这里指不能约束自己，就更加不能做个好榜样了，B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

______isyoursubstitutionofsomeoneelseforyourselfinregardtoaskingforyourlegalright.

问题1选项

A.Subjugation

B.Subrogation

C.Subversion

D.Submerge

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项subjugation“征服，镇压”，B项subrogation“代理，代替”，C项subversion“颠覆，破坏”，D项submerge“淹没，把……浸入”。根据关键词substitution“代替”可知，空格处对应的单词是B项subrogation“代理，代替”。句意：代理权是指你以他人代替你自己来要求你的合法权利。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“legitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.英国是游说欧盟放松拟议数据保护规则的9个国家之一。此举将让日益担心其业务受到潜在影响的谷歌和社交网站“脸书”等美国科技公司松一口气，因为这些公司一直都担心它们的业务可能受到影响。

47.然而，这些规则的最终确定和实施可能需要数年时间。

48.欧盟的目标是为欧盟所有27个成员国建立一套统一的隐私标准，消除导致混乱的国家差异。

49.她在2012年1月公布了这一想法，她建议除非有合法理由保留这些数据，否则人们应该有能力要求公司在数据存储中删除关于他们的数据。

50.谷歌公司尤其对这个想法进行了激烈的游说反对，因为它会破坏它的数据存储并在历史记录中产生漏洞。

7.单选题

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewestanotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisiansandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisaded（用栅围护）Indiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics（陶器）finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmica（云母）sheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintoolmaking,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed（

）.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewas

located（

）.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheMississippianculture.

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture.

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians.

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes.

问题2选项

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

问题3选项

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershed

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

问题4选项

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

问题5选项

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者以时间为轴线介绍了密西西比文化。

2.推断题。第一句为:ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,紧接着这种文化衰退的两个可能性的因素，进而又讲述了另一种文化的繁荣。因此推测上一段应该是关于'theMoundBuilderculture’。

3.细节题。文章介绍完‘筑堤人文化’之后接着说到‘Tothewestanotherculture/因此可以得知‘密西西比文化位于筑堤人文化的西边。

4.细节题。文章指出:begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes(密西西比文化开始向东影响大多数技术落后的林地部落的生活)。

5.细节题。文章指出:builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces(‘themounds'是用来做葬礼和祭祀的地方)。

8.单选题

AttheendoftheSecondWorldWar,Americanspendingonresearchanddevelopment（

）

halftheworld’stotal;today,ithasdroppedtoonethird.

问题1选项

A.madeup

B.madefor

C.madeupfor

D.madefrom

【答案】A

【解析】句意:二战结束吋，美国在研究和发展上的支出占世界在这些方面总支出的一半，如今该比例下降到了三分之一。

考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。makeup和解，和好，组成，构成，编造，化妆，拿定主意;makefor为…生产；走向，有利于，扑向；makeupfor补偿，弥补，补救；makefrom由…制造，用…制成，以…谋生。

9.单选题

Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.

问题1选项

A.makingout

B.sortingout

C.figuringout

D.turningout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makingout“理解；证明；填写完”；B选项sortingout“整理；挑选”；C选项figuringout“解决；算出”；D选项turningout“原来是”。句意：她______她的硬币和邮票，度过了一个快乐的下午。根据语境，sortingout“整理；挑选”搭配coinsandstamps“硬币和邮票”比较合适。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttryto（1）thatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience（2）itcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnot（3）theminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublichasaratherambivalentattitude（4）science.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardof（5）thatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.Thisdistrustisevidentinthecartoon（6）ofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.Itisalsoanimportant（7）behindsupportfortheGreenparties.

Whatcanbedoneto（8）thisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoften（9）inadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon’tseeits（10）totheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareaconciseandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicsideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.

问题1选项

A.assess

B.discern

C.ensure

D.anticipate

问题2选项

A.because

B.sothat

C.despitethat

D.though

问题3选项

A.clutch

B.leave

C.fabricate

D.nurture

问题4选项

A.about

B.with

C.upon

D.toward

问题5选项

A.living

B.life

C.survival

D.lives

问题6选项

A.literature

B.person

C.art

D.figure

问题7选项

A.role

B.concept

C.element

D.index

问题8选项

A.constrain

B.harness

C.foster

D.extinguish

问题9选项

A.presented

B.conducted

C.portrayed

D.utilized

问题10选项

A.meaning

B.contribution

C.application

D.relevance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。assess“评估”;discern“辨别”;ensure“确保”;anticipate“预期”。句意：我们不能阻止科学和技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保这些改变是正确的。选项C符合题意。

（2）逻辑推理。根据文意，在民主社会中，公民需要对科学有一个基本的了解，以便于他们可以自己做出明智的决定。选项B符合题意。

（3）动词词义辨析。clutch“抓住”;leave“留给”;fabricate“编造”;nurture“养育”。句意：人们可以做出明智的决定，而不会把问题都留在专家手中。选项B符合题意。

（4）短语搭配。attitudetowards“对……的态度”，选项D符合题意。

（5）短语搭配。根据文意，人们想要提高生活水平，故“standardofliving”生活水平符合题意。选项A符合题意。

（6）根据文意，人们对科学的不信任，体现在动画中塑造的那些科学家卡通人物，他们在实验室制造科学怪人。选项D符合题意。

（7）名词词义辨析。role“角色，任务”；concept“概念，想法”；element“要素”；index“指数”。句意：这个在支持绿党中发挥着重要作用。选项A符合题意。

（8）动词词义辨析。constrain“强迫”；harness“利用”；foster“培养”；extinguish“熄灭”。句意：为了让公众们做出明智的决定，我们应该怎么做去培养他们的兴趣以及给他们提供科学背景呢？选项C符合题意。

（9）动词词义辨析。present“提出”；conduct“指挥，管理”，portray“描绘”；utilize“利用”。句意：但是在学校，科学往往是以一种枯燥无味的方式描绘出来的。选项C符合题意。

（10）名词词义辨析。meaning“含义”；contribution“贡献”；application“应用”；relevance“相关性”根据文意，孩子们学习科学只是为了通过考试，不了解科学对他们周围的世界带来的好处。选项B符合题意。

11.写作题

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsentitledStudentsWouldBenefitsMorefromanEducationofEmotions.

【答案】【略】

12.单选题

Theguestswereinajubilantmoodastheweddingbegan.

问题1选项

A.exultant

B.conciliatory

C.reverent

D.receptive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ajubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。

句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。

13.单选题

Thechildrensinginganddancingonthemeadowmadeacharmingspectacle.

问题1选项

A.tool

B.glasses

C.scenery

D.sight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tool“工具”；B选项glasses“眼镜”；C选项scenery“景色”；D选项sight“视力”。句意：孩子们在草地上唱歌和跳舞，构成了一幅迷人的景象。划线部分spectacle是景象的意思。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thailand'sPrimeMinistertoldthenationonalivetelevisionthatthegovernmentwasgoingto（）terrorists（）the"red-shirt"protesters.

问题1选项

A.hinder…from

B.distinguish…from

C.prevent..from

D.distinct…from

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。hinder…from妨碍，阻止；distinguish…from区分，辨别；prevent..from预防，防止；distinct…from与…不同。句意：泰国总理阿披实星期一在电视上对全国人民说，将把恐怖分子和红衫军抗议者区分开。只有B项符合句意。

15.单选题

TheChinesevolleyballteamannouncedthattheywouldnot（

）firstplacetoanyteam.

问题1选项

A.yell

B.yield

C.yoke

D.yearn

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项yell“叫喊，大声叫”；B选项yield“屈服，投降，让步，放弃”；C选项yoke“给……上轭，强行；使结合，使联合”；D选项yearn“渴望，渴求”。由firstplace（第一名）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：中国排球队宣布他们不会把第一名让给任何一支球队。

16.单选题

Thechairmanmadea(n)（）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessofthemeeting.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.operational

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。intensive加强的，集中的；intermediate中间的，起媒介作用的；preliminary初步的；operational操作的，运行的。句意：主席在开始会议的主要工作之前作了初步发言。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.

问题1选项

A.neglected

B.worried

C.mentioned

D.reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家……几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。

18.填空题

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualfromensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.

Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bfrom改为by

【解析】【考查点】介词。

【解题思路】protect为这里的谓语动词，指的是维护个体自由，B部分到句尾指的是维护个体自由的方式，介词by“（表示方式）”符合语境。

【句意】竞争可以权力垄断，维护个体自由。与全能的政府相比，许多企业为了利润而相互竞争。

19.问答题

Increasingthetaxonhouseholdgoodsisboundtocausetrouble.(It’sasking)

【答案】It’saskingfortroubletoincreasethetaxonhouseholdgoods.

20.单选题

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad（

）bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

问题1选项

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似词辨析。traversed横越，穿过；transferred使转移，使调动；trampled践踏，无视；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一个有经验的旅行者，在她二十多岁的时候就穿越了非洲和欧洲。只有A项符合题意，答案A

21.单选题

HistorianJacksonTurnerclaimedthatthefrontierproducedtheindividualismthatisthe（

）ofAmericancultureandthatthisindividualisminturnpromoteddemocraticinstitutionsandeconomicequality.

问题1选项

A.hallmark

B.drawback

C.continuity

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hallmark“特质；品质证明”；B选项drawback“缺点；不利条件；退税”；C选项continuity“连续性”；D选项ambiguity“含糊；模棱两可的话”。句意：历史学家杰克逊•特纳声称边疆地区产生了个人主义，而个人主义正是美国文化的……，这种个人主义反过来又促进了民主制度和经济平等。由句意可知A选项符合题意。

22.单选题

BeijingisthepoliticalcentreofChina，neverthelessitisarguablyatleastasimportantasacentreofthearts，includingsuchfieldsaspainting,dramaandfilm.

问题1选项

A.China，nevertheless

B.arguablyatleastasimportant

C.asacentreofthearts

D.includingsuchfieldsas

E.没有错误

【答案】E

23.单选题

Iregret___somuchtimeandmoneyonstamps.

问题1选项

A.towaste

B.forwasting

C.havingwasted

D.atwasting

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。waste表示“浪费，滥用；消耗；使荒芜”，regretdoing“对做过的事表示遗憾、后悔”。句意：我___在邮票上浪费了那么多时间和金钱。本句表达“后悔已经在邮票上浪费那么多钱和时间”，因此C选项正确。

24.单选题

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（）theactiononthescreen.

问题1选项

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。contaminate“污染，弄脏”；compliment“恭维，称赞”；contemplate“沉思，注视”；complement“补足，补助”。句意：电影导演运用音乐去补充屏幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。

25.单选题

Theyoungartistcreates（

）.

问题1选项

A.marbletranslucentsculptures

B.translucentmarblesculptures

C.marblesculpturestranslucent

D.translucentsculpturesmarble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词序。当名词前有多个形容词做定语时，这些形容词的排序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词等）+表示观点的描述性形容词+形状、大小、长短、高低+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、地区+物质材料+中心词。translucent（半透明的）指颜色，marble（大理石）指物质材料，sculpture（雕像）