考研考博-英语-北京协和医学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京协和医学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thereisalready（）cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.

问题1选项

A.witness

B.certification

C.identify

D.evidence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。witness“证人，目击者”；certification“证明，鉴定”；identify“鉴定，识别”；evidence“证据”。句意：有证据清晰地表明植物和动物受到气候变化的影响。D项符合题意。

2.单选题

Inhistime,heenjoyedareputation（）.

问题1选项

A.asgreatasthatofMozart’sifnotgreater

B.asgreat,orevengreater,thanMozart

C.asgreatalsogreaterthanMozart

D.greater,orasgreatasMozart

【答案】A

【解析】考查比较级。比较级的常见搭配为n.+as+adj.+assb/sth和某人/某物一样……。空格前面的是名词reputation“声誉”，B，C，D选项不符合同级比较和比较级的语法习惯。句意：这次，他获得了如莫扎特一样高的声望（如果不是更高的话）。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

HamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontendedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural

问题1选项

A.inclined

B.struggled

C.argued

D.competed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。contend表示“主张，斗争”；A项incline“倾向于”，B项struggle“奋斗，斗争”，C项argue“争论，辩论”，D项compete“竞争，比赛”。句意：汉密尔顿希望国家是由城市组成的，而杰斐逊则主张国家应以农业为主。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。

4.单选题

Idon'tthinkitisimpartialfortheprofessortoflunkmyChemistrytest.

问题1选项

A.unbiased

B.compatible

C.exonerative

D.effusive

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我不认为教授让我的化学考试不及格是公正的。impartial意为公平的，不偏不倚的。unbiased公正的，无偏见的；compatible兼容的，可并立的；exonerative免罪的，免除的；effusive流出的，感情横溢的。选项A与之意思最为相近。

5.单选题

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

问题1选项

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

问题2选项

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

问题3选项

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

问题4选项

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知,食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题,最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国,每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题,在过去的五年中,抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。

2.根据第八段的内容可知,选项A,C,D均符合原文;根据第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有这些排列在我们消化系统中的神经元不仅仅是处理消化,偶尔也会引起紧张情绪。选项B描述太绝对,所以不正确。

3.根据第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁症经常与肠胃炎联系在一起。所以选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”这项名为“饮食扫描”的饮食耐受不良测试,可以发现饮食耐受不良潜在的诱因。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

6.单选题

Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’scrust,buttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)theycontainnofossils;(2)theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayersand(3)theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.

Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransported,individualfragmentsareassortedaccordingtosize.Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravel,sand,andclaybuildup,astheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryinsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.

Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocks,thenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thus,smallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontothese,othersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstances,suchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.

Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressure,heat,solution,orcementingaction.Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlock,theyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestone,asedimentaryrock,whensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarble,ametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingaresedimentaryrocksEXCEPT（）.

3.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

4.Therelationshipbetweenigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybestbecomparedtotherelationshipbetween（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbebestdescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.explainthefactorsthatmaycauserockstochangeinform

B.showhowthescientificnamesofrocksreflecttherock’scomposition

C.defineanddescribeseveraldiversekindsofrocks

D.differentiatebetweendifferentkindsofigneousrocks

问题2选项

A.shale

B.schist

C.sand

D.gravel

问题3选项

A.newspaperfeatureexplaininghowoilisfound

B.pamphletpromotingconservationofnaturalresources

C.teachingmanualaccompanyinganearthsciencetext

D.nonfictionbookexplainingwheretofindfossils

问题4选项

A.waterandland

B.sandandclay

C.nucleusandcellwall

D.leavesandcompost

问题5选项

A.objective

B.meditative

C.concerned

D.ironic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石。因此判断C项“定义和描述了几种不同种类的岩石”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.”，中文大意为：例如，属于火成岩的花岗岩，可能变形成片麻岩或结晶片岩。B选项“片岩”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石，判断C选项“附带在地球科学课本上的教学手册”，正确。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词igneousandsedimentaryrocks可以定位到原文第一段“Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.”，中文翻译为：火成岩通常被称为原生岩，因为它们是在沉淀物和变质物体中被发现的原材料。故选D“树叶和（树叶）堆肥”。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者的对三种岩石的描述都客观的。因此A选项“客观的”符合题意。

7.单选题

It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges________placeinourever-changingworld.

问题1选项

A.taking

B.totake

C.take

D.taken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很容易会把人们对话的减少怪罪在当代生活的快节奏和发生在我们这个不断变化的世界里的难以言说的变化。句子中连词连接两个介词结构，没有从句引导词，因此我们得用非谓语，排除C选项。这些变化是一直在发生的，所以我们要用现在分词形式，所以答案选A。

8.单选题

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

问题1选项

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。notmorethan不超过，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，仅仅，同样不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。

9.单选题

______peopledependtosuchagreatextentonforests,everyeffortmustbemadetopreservetreesandwildlife.

问题1选项

A.How

B.Since

C.That

D.Which

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子逻辑。A项how引导疑问句，表示“怎样”，B项since表示“自从，由于”，C项that连接词，用来引导从句，D项which疑问代词表示“哪一个”。该句前后为两个完整的句子，形成因果关系，句首缺少一个表达原因的连词，故B项符合句意。句意：由于人们在很大程度上紧紧依赖森林资源，故我们必须全力以赴保护树木与野生动物。故正确答案为B。

10.单选题

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

问题1选项

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.

D.Thejudicialreviewfocusesobjects,whereitshouldbeginwithsubjects.

问题2选项

A.equallyimportant

B.informingsamebackground

C.asinformativeas

D.grammaticalrelationshipamongthewords

问题3选项

A.thewordsofastatute

B.whetherthefactsofacasehavedevelopedsufficientlytopermitausefuldecisiontobemade

C.aparty’srighttomakealegalclaim

D.whethertoinvalidatethewholecontractoronlytheoffendingwords

问题4选项

A.thinksthatMarburyv.MadisonwasthefirstcaseofjudicialreviewintheUS

B.disagreeswiththecourts’previouspracticeofjudicialreview

C.thinksthatequallytextualstructureisequallyimportantaswordsinjudicialreview

D.thinksthatthepuzzlesoffederaljurisdictionmaybesolvedonceandforall

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知A选项“司法审查是对某些法律客体的审查”并不是作者认为法院在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因；第一段Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.（司法审查就是对这种行为的审查。行动需要参与者：行动需要主语。所以在司法审查把重点放在行动上，更不用说客体，应该从主体开始）可知D选项“司法审查以客体为中心，应以主体为起点”和原文不符，作者认为是以“行为”为中心，排除，以及C选项“动作需要主语”并不是在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因，排除；同时可知B选项“司法审查是对行为的审查”符合题意，作者认为目前存在的困惑是司法审查应该先审查行为，而不是审查某些法律课题，但是传统司法审查所做的内容与之相悖，所以产生了困惑。因此B选项符合题意。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干定位到划线句子处Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.（这些词之间的语法关系可能就像这些词本身一样具有启示意义。）可知本句中asrevealingas表示“启示意义”，选C选项“提供有用信息”；A选项“同样重要”，B选项“告知相同的背景”以及D选项“语法关系”不符合原文的语境，排除。因此C选项正确。

61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干问：笔者认为，除了___之外，对违宪主体的困惑是造成以下困惑的根本原因。结合原文第二段最后一句Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.（事实上，在无数杂乱无章的学说中，对违宪谓词的困惑直接源于对主体更基本的困惑）第三段第一句Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（这种基本的混乱，就像法律中的大多数混乱一样，源于对文本的关注不够）可知是对于文本关注不够，导致了对主体更基本的困惑。因此对于文字的困惑并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的，而是文字的困惑造成了对违宪主体的困惑，则A选项“法令的文字”并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的；B选项“一个案件的事实是否已经发展到足以做出有用的决定”，C选项“当事人提出法律要求的权利”以及D选项“是使整个合同无效还是仅仅使冒犯的文字无效”在原文中并未涉及，排除。因此A选项符合题意。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（当然，单个单词很重要，但同样重要的是文本结构）可知作者认为同等的文本结构与词语同等重要，选C选项“认为在司法审查中，同等的文本结构与词语同等重要”；第一段第一句TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.（Marburyv.Madison案已经过去两个世纪了，人们对法院在进行司法审查时究竟在审查什么仍有很深的困惑。）无法推断出A选项“认为马布里诉麦迪逊案是美国第一个司法审查的案件”，排除；第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知作者是认为传统观点并不正确，而不是不同意法院以前司法审查的做法，B选项“不同意法院以前司法审查的做法”排除；倒数第二段最后一句Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.（只要关注这一重要的宪法特征，即宪法的主体，这些困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决）可知作者认为只要关注宪法的主体，联邦联邦管辖权的困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决，不能简单地说D选项“认为联邦管辖权的难题可以一劳永逸地解决”，太过片面，排除。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground，buttherearestillmany（）supportersofsingle-sexeducation.

问题1选项

A.compulsory

B.pervasive

C.critical

D.passionate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compulsory“义务的，强制的”，B选项pervasive“遍布的，普遍的”，C选项critical“批判性的，关键的”，D选项passionate“狂热的，热情的”，句意：认为男孩和女孩有不同的学习方式的观点似乎正在失势，但仍有许多普遍支持男女分校教育的人。因此，B选项符合句意。

12.单选题

Veterandoctorscanoftenreflectonpastexperiencestodrawlessonsforthepresent;youngresidentdoctors,however,rarelyhavetheadvantagesofsuch（

）.

问题1选项

A.retrospection

B.vagueness

C.hostility

D.misconceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。retrospection回顾；反省；追忆；vagueness模糊；含糊；茫然；hostility敌意；misconception误解。句意：经验丰富的医生可以经常反思过去的经历来汲取教训，然而，年轻的住院部医师却很少有这样反省的优势。由Veterandoctorscanoftenreflectonpastexperiences以及while可知，句子前后形成对比，经验丰富的医生有经历可反思和回顾，而年轻的医生却没有这样的优势。空格处所填单词应与reflect意思接近，答案为A。

13.单选题

Itwouldbewrong（）thatfactor.

问题1选项

A.tonotconsider

B.nottoconsider

C.toconsidernot

D.tobeconsidering

【答案】B

【解析】考查不定式的否定形式。由于不定式的否定形式为not+to+动原，所以选项A、C、D均错误，B选项正确。句意：不考虑那个因素将是错误的。

14.问答题

Theteachersaidthatif(A)webelievedsomethingwas(B)trueandgoodweshould(C)holdontothem(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;it

【解析】考查代词用法。something意为“某物，某事”，其不定代词要用单数代词it，不能用them。

15.单选题

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

问题1选项

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

动词词义辨析。reject“拒绝”；belittle“轻视，贬低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“开拓，回收利用”。句意：环保人士正在尽其所能将石油泄漏的影响降到最低。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain,butoneofthemost（1）heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladderevenifitmeans（2）thepavementintoabusystreet!（3）youmustpassunderaladderyoucan（4）badluckbycrossingyourfingersand（5）themcrosseduntilyouhaveseenadog.（6）,youmaylickyourfingerand（7）acrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andnotlookagainattheshoeuntilthe（8）hasdried.Anothercommon（9）isthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse—itwilleitherbring（10）tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole（11

）.Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatheris（12

）,asitinevitablybringsrain!

Thenumber13issaidtobeunluckyforsome,andwhenthe13thdayofthemonth（13）onaFriday,anyonewishingtoavoidabadeventhadbetterstay（14）,theworstmisfortunethatcanhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingamirror,（15）itbringssevenyearsofbadluck!Thesuperstitionissupposedto（16）inancienttimes,whenmirrorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods.

BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,eventhoughtheyare（17）witchcraft...Itis（18

）luckyifablackcatcrossesyourpath—althoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.

Finally,acommonlyheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwood（19

）luck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas“mycarhasnever（20）,touchwood?”

问题1选项

A.broadly

B.widely

C.quickly

D.speedily

问题2选项

A.runningfrom

B.jumpingoff

C.steppingoff

D.keepingfrom

问题3选项

A.If

B.As

C.Though

D.Unless

问题4选项

A.erase

B.remove

C.avoid

D.ease

问题5选项

A.keep

B.keeping

C.kept

D.tokeep

问题6选项

A.Consequently

B.However

C.Comparatively

D.Alternatively

问题7选项

A.make

B.print

C.perform

D.produce

问题8选项

A.label

B.symbol

C.mark

D.cut

问题9选项

A.argument

B.superstition

C.opinion

D.idea

问题10选项

A.loss

B.difficulty

C.tragedy

D.misfortune

问题11选项

A.house

B.household

C.home

D.circle

问题12选项

A.unwise

B.unintelligent

C.unpopular

D.unfortunate

问题13选项

A.falls

B.arrives

C.drops

D.happens

问题14选项

A.away

B.outdoors

C.indoors

D.far

问题15选项

A.when

B.as

C.if

D.though

问题16选项

A.haveoriginated

B.beoriginating

C.originated

D.beoriginate

问题17选项

A.concernedabout

B.relatedwith

C.associatedwith

D.connectedin

问题18选项

A.especially

B.specially

C.frequently

D.rarely

问题19选项

A.as

B.for

C.in

D.of

问题20选项

A.brokenup

B.brokenoff

C.brokenaway

D.brokendown

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】（1）副词辨析。broadly大体的；widely广泛的。根据原文：在英国有许多迷信，但其中最广为流传的是...选项B符合原文。

（2）runningfrom飞奔似的逃离；jumpingoff跳下来；steppingoff步测；keepingfrom隐瞒，阻止。从人行道上走到繁忙的街道上,用stepoff。

（3）这里指假设：如果你一定要从梯子下走过...。

（4）霉运只能避开，不能消除，所以选项C正确。

（5）根据and前面的crossing可知这里也应该用ing形式。所以选项B正确。

（6）根据下文的内容可知，这里指避开霉运的另一种方法，选项D正确。

（7）makeacross为固定搭配，意为画十字。

（8）根据原文可知，填空处填入的词指代上句提到的在鞋上画的十字。用mark最恰当。

（9）上文提到的一个迷信已经描述完毕，这里指另一个迷信，选项B正确。

（10）上文提到的迷信会给人带来不幸（unlucky），这里也指不幸，所以选项B正确。

（11）根据原文可知，在室内撑伞不仅给个人,甚至会给家庭带来不幸，选项B正确。

（12）原文指：不论是谁,在天气好的时候撑伞都是不受欢迎的，因为这必然会导致下雨。选项C符合语境。

（13）fallon为固定搭配，意为轮到,恰逢。原文指：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时...

（14）根据原文：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时，要是想避开不好的事情，最好是待在家里。stayindoors指待在家里，符合句意。

（15）根据原文：一个人最大的不幸是打碎了镜子，因为这会带来好几年的坏运气。选项B符合句意。

（16）原文指过去发生的事情对现在的影响,所以用现在完成时。选项A正确。

（17）将...与...联系在一起用associatedwith。concernedabout关心，担忧；relatedwith使相关，使符合，这里没有被动的意思，所以不选B；connected一般与to搭配。所以选项C正确。

（18）根据句意：如果有一只黑猫穿过你面前的路，你那就特别幸运了。选项A符合句意。specially专门地；frequently频繁地；rarely罕见地。

（19）for表目的,原文指：触摸木头,以此来获得好运。

（20）根据原文：如果你认为自己说了一些冒险的话，比如“我的车从没坏过，碰木头吧?”选项D符合句意。breakup分手；breakoff断裂；breakaway挣脱；breakdown损坏。

17.单选题

Thepeoplewillrebeliftheyfeelthattheyareexcluded（

）sharingthewealthofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.out

B.by

C.from

D.without

【答案】C

【解析】考察短语搭配。beexcludedfrom“从······中被排除”是固定搭配。选项C符合题意。句意：如果他们觉得自己被排除在国家财富分享之外，人民就会起来反抗。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe（

）tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

问题1选项

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析题。contemplate“沉思，注视”；deem“认为，视作”；acknowledge“承认”；anticipate“预期，期望”；句意：到本月底还没有交纳注册费的人将被视为已取消该课程。B项符合句意，答案B

19.单选题

Backin1992,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemand....inafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.

Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthor,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.

Thebottomline,saysDrAngrist,isthat“thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky”.Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept（）.

3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgovernments’packing