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-/r/n.z./r/n2018/r/n年河南省中考数学试卷/r/n(满分/r/n120/r/n分,考试时间/r/n100/r/n分钟)/r/n一、选择题(每小题/r/n3/r/n分,共/r/n30/r/n分)/r/n的相反数是()/r/nA/r/n./r/nB/r/n./r/nC/r/n./r/nD/r/n./r/n今年一季度,河南省/r/n对/r/n"/r/n一带一路/r/n”/r/n沿/r/n线国家进出口总额达/r/n214.7/r/n亿元.数据/r/n"/r/n214.7/r/n亿/r/n”/r/n用/r/n科学记数法表示为()/r/nA/r/n./r/n2.147×10/r/n2/r/nB/r/n./r/n0.2147×10/r/n3/r/nC/r/n./r/n2.147×10/r/n10/r/nD/r/n./r/n0.2147×10/r/n11/r/n*正方体的每个面上都有一个汉字,如图是它的一种展开图,则在原正方体中,/r/n与/r/n"/r/n国/r/n”/r/n字/r/n所在面相对的面上的汉字是()/r/nA/r/n.厉/r/nB/r/n.害/r/nC/r/n.了/r/nD/r/n.我/r/n下列运算正确的是()/r/nA/r/n./r/nB/r/n./r/nC/r/n./r/nD/r/n./r/n河南省游资源丰富,/r/n2013/r/n~/r/n2017/r/n年旅游收入不断增长,同比增速分别为:/r/n15.3%/r/n,/r/n12.7%/r/n,/r/n15.3%/r/n,/r/n14.5%/r/n,/r/n17.1%/r/n.关于这组数据,下列说法正确的是()/r/nA/r/n.中位数是/r/n12.7%B/r/n.众数是/r/n15.3%/r/nC/r/n.平均数是/r/n15.98%D/r/n.方差是/r/n0/r/n《九章算术》中记载:/r/n"/r/n今有共买羊,人出五,不足四十五;人出七,不足三.问人数、羊价各几何?/r/n”/r/n其大意是:今有人合伙买羊,若每人出/r/n5/r/n钱,还差/r/n45/r/n钱;若每人出/r/n7/r/n钱,还差/r/n3/r/n钱.问合伙人数、羊价各是多少?设合伙人数为/r/n*/r/n人,羊价为/r/ny/r/n钱,根据题意,可列方程组为()/r/nA/r/n./r/nB/r/n./r/nC/r/n./r/nD/r/n./r/n下列一元二次方程中,有两个不相等实数根的是()/r/nA/r/n./r/nB/r/n./r/nC/r/n./r/nD/r/n./r/n现有/r/n4/r/n张卡片,其中/r/n3/r/n张卡片正面上的图案是/r/n"/r/n♢/r/n”/r/n,/r/n1/r/n张卡片正面上的图案是/r/n"/r/n♣/r/n”/r/n,它们除此之外完全相同.把这/r/n4/r/n张卡片背面朝上洗匀,从中随机抽取两张,则这两张卡片正面图案相同的概率是()/r/nA/r/n./r/nB/r/n./r/nC/r/n./r/nD/r/n./r/n如图,已知/r/n□/r/nAOBC/r/n的顶点/r/nO/r/n(0/r/n,/r/n0)/r/n,/r/nA/r/n(/r/n-/r/n1/r/n,/r/n2)/r/n,点/r/nB/r/n在/r/n*/r/n轴正半轴上.按以下步骤作图:/r/n①/r/n以点/r/nO/r/n为圆心,适当长度为半径作弧,分别交边/r/nOA/r/n,/r/nOB/r/n于点/r/nD/r/n,/r/nE/r/n;/r/n②/r/n分别以点/r/nD/r/n,/r/nE/r/n为圆心,大于/r/nDE/r/n的长为半径作弧,两弧在/r/n∠/r/nAOB/r/n内交于点/r/nF/r/n;/r/n③/r/n作射线/r/nOF/r/n,交边/r/nAC/r/n于点/r/nG/r/n.则点/r/nG/r/n的坐标为()/r/nA/r/n./r/nB/r/n./r/nC/r/n./r/nD/r/n./r/n如图/r/n1/r/n,点/r/nF/r/n从菱形/r/nABCD/r/n的顶点/r/nA/r/n出发,沿/r/nA/r/n→/r/nD/r/n→/r/nB/r/n以/r/n1cm/s/r/n的速度匀速运动到点/r/nB/r/n.图/r/n2/r/n是点/r/nF/r/n运动时,/r/n△/r/nFBC/r/n的面积/r/ny/r/n(/r/ncm/r/n2/r/n)随时间/r/n*/r/n(/r/ns/r/n)变化的关系图象,则/r/na/r/n的值为()/r/nA/r/n./r/nB/r/n./r/n2C/r/n./r/nD/r/n./r/n图/r/n1/r/n图/r/n2/r/n二、填空题(每小题/r/n3/r/n分,共/r/n15/r/n分)/r/n计算:/r/n__________/r/n./r/n如图,直线/r/nAB/r/n,/r/nCD/r/n相交于点/r/nO/r/n,/r/nEO/r/n⊥/r/nAB/r/n于点/r/nO/r/n,/r/n∠/r/nEOD/r/n=50°/r/n,则/r/n∠/r/nBOC/r/n的度数为/r/n____________/r/n./r/n不等式组/r/n的最小整数解是/r/n___________/r/n./r/n如图,在/r/n△/r/nABC/r/n中,/r/n∠/r/nACB/r/n=90°/r/n,/r/nAC/r/n=/r/nBC/r/n=2/r/n,将/r/n△/r/nABC/r/n绕/r/nAC/r/n的中点/r/nD/r/n逆时针旋转/r/n90°/r/n得到/r/n△/r/nA′B′C′/r/n,其中点/r/nB/r/n的运动路径为/r/nEQ\o\ac(/r/nBB'/r/n,\s\up9(/r/n︵/r/n))/r/n,则图中阴影部分的面积为/r/n____________/r/n./r/n如图,/r/n∠/r/nMAN/r/n=90°/r/n,点/r/nC/r/n在边/r/nAM/r/n上,/r/nAC/r/n=4/r/n,点/r/nB/r/n为边/r/nAN/r/n上一动点,连接/r/nBC/r/n,/r/n△/r/nA′BC/r/n与/r/n△/r/nABC/r/n关于/r/nBC/r/n所在直线对称./r/nD/r/n,/r/nE/r/n分别为/r/nAC/r/n,/r/nBC/r/n的中点,连接/r/nDE/r/n并延长交/r/nA′B/r/n所在直线于点/r/nF/r/n,连接/r/nA′E/r/n.当/r/n△/r/nA′EF/r/n为直角三角形时,/r/nAB/r/n的长为/r/n____________/r/n./r/n三、解答题(本大题共/r/n8/r/n个小题,满分/r/n75/r/n分)/r/n(/r/n8/r/n分)共化简,再求值:/r/n,其中/r/n./r/n(/r/n9/r/n分)每到春夏交替时节,雌性杨树会以满天飞絮的方式来传播下一代,漫天飞舞的杨絮易引发皮肤病,呼吸道疾病等,给人们造成困扰.为了解市民对治理杨絮方法的赞同情况,*课题小组随机调查了部分市民(问卷调查表如图所示),并根据调查结果绘制了如下尚不完整的统计图./r/n治理杨絮/r/n——/r/n您选哪一项?(单选)/r/nA/r/n.减少杨树新面积,控制杨树每年的栽种量/r/nB/r/n.调整树种结构,逐渐更换现有杨树/r/nC/r/n.选育无絮杨品种,并推广种植/r/nD/r/n.对雌性杨树注射生物干扰素,避免产生飞絮/r/nE/r/n.其他/r/n根据以上统计图,解答下列问题:/r/n(/r/n1/r/n)本次接受调查的市民共有/r/n__________/r/n人;/r/n(/r/n2/r/n)扇形统计图中,扇形/r/nE/r/n的圆心角度数是/r/n__________/r/n;/r/n(/r/n3/r/n)请补全条形统计图;/r/n(/r/n4/r/n)若该市约有/r/n90/r/n万人,请/r/n估计赞同/r/n"/r/n选育无絮杨品种,并推广种植/r/n”/r/n的/r/n人数./r/n(/r/n9/r/n分)如图,反比例函数/r/n的图象过格点(网格线的交点)/r/nP/r/n./r/n(/r/n1/r/n)求反比例函数的解析式;/r/n(/r/n2/r/n)在图中用直尺和/r/n2B/r/n铅笔/r/n画出两个矩形(不写画法),要求每个矩形均需满足下列两个条件:/r/n①/r/n四个顶点均在格点上,且其中两个顶点分别是点/r/nO/r/n,点/r/nP/r/n;/r/n②/r/n矩形的面积等于/r/nk/r/n的值./r/n(/r/n9/r/n分)如图,/r/nAB/r/n是/r/n⊙/r/nO/r/n的直径,/r/nDO/r/n⊥/r/nAB/r/n于点/r/nO/r/n,连接/r/nDA/r/n交/r/n⊙/r/nO/r/n于点/r/nC/r/n,过点/r/nC/r/n作/r/n⊙/r/nO/r/n的切线交/r/nDO/r/n于点/r/nE/r/n,连接/r/nBC/r/n交/r/nDO/r/n于点/r/nF/r/n./r/n(/r/n1/r/n)求证:/r/nCE/r/n=/r/nEF/r/n;/r/n(/r/n2/r/n)连接/r/nAF/r/n并延长,交/r/n⊙/r/nO/r/n于点/r/nG/r/n.填空:/r/n①/r/n当/r/n∠/r/nD/r/n的度数为/r/n_________/r/n时,四边形/r/nECFG/r/n为菱形;/r/n②/r/n当/r/n∠/r/nD/r/n的度数为/r/n_________/r/n时,四边形/r/nECOG/r/n为正方形./r/n(/r/n9/r/n分)/r/n"/r/n高低杠/r/n”/r/n是女/r/n子体操特有的一个竞技项目,其比赛器材由高、低两根平行杠及若干支架组成,运动员可根据自已的身高和习惯在规定范围内调节高、低两杠间的距离.*兴趣小组根据高低杠器材的一种截面图编制了如下数学问题,请你解答./r/n如图所示,底座上/r/nA/r/n,/r/nB/r/n两点间的距离为/r/n90cm/r/n.低杠上点/r/nC/r/n到直线/r/nAB/r/n的距离/r/nCE/r/n的长为/r/n155cm/r/n,高杠上点/r/nD/r/n到直线/r/nAB/r/n的距离/r/nDF/r/n的长为/r/n234cm/r/n,已知低杠的支架/r/nAC/r/n与直线/r/nAB/r/n的夹角/r/n∠/r/nCAE/r/n为/r/n82.4°/r/n,高杠的支架/r/nBD/r/n与直线/r/nAB/r/n的夹角/r/n∠/r/nDBF/r/n为/r/n80.3°/r/n.求高、低杠间的水平距离/r/nCH/r/n的长./r/n(结果精确到/r/n1cm/r/n.参考数据:/r/nsin82.4°≈0.991/r/n,/r/ncos82.4°≈0.132/r/n,/r/ntan82.4°≈7.500/r/n,/r/nsin80.3°≈0.983/r/n,/r/ncos80.3°≈0.168/r/n,/r/ntan80.3°≈5.850/r/n)/r/n(/r/n10/r/n分)*公司推出一款产品,经市场调查发现,该产品的日销售量/r/ny/r/n(个)与销售单价/r/n*/r/n(元)之间满足一次函数关系.关于销售单价、日销售量、日销售利润的几组对应值如下表:/r/n销售单价/r/n*/r/n(元)/r/n85/r/n95/r/n105/r/n115/r/n日销售量/r/ny/r/n(个)/r/n175/r/n125/r/n75/r/nm/r/n日销售利润(元)/r/n875/r/n1875/r/n1875/r/n875/r/n注:日销售利润/r/n=/r/n日销售量/r/n×/r/n(销售单价/r/n-/r/n成本单价)/r/n(/r/n1/r/n)求/r/ny/r/n关于/r/n*/r/n的函数解析式(不要求写出/r/n*/r/n的取值范围)及/r/nm/r/n的值;/r/n(/r/n2/r/n)根据以上信息,填空:/r/n该产品的成本单价是/r/n_______/r/n元.当销售单价/r/n*/r/n=_______/r/n元时,日销售利润/r/nw/r/n最大,最大值是/r/n_________/r/n元;/r/n(/r/n3/r/n)公司计划开展科技创新,以降低该产品的成本.预计在今后的销售中,日销售量与销售单价仍存在(/r/n1/r/n)中的关系.若想实现销售单价为/r/n90/r/n元时,日销售利润不低于/r/n3750/r/n元的销售目标,该产品的成本单价应不超过多少元?/r/n(/r/n10/r/n分)(/r/n1/r/n)问题发现/r/n如图/r/n1/r/n,在/r/n△/r/nOAB/r/n和/r/n△/r/nOCD/r/n中,/r/nOA/r/n=/r/nOB/r/n,/r/nOC/r/n=/r/nOD/r/n,/r/n∠/r/nAOB/r/n=/r/n∠/r/nCOD/r/n=40°/r/n,连接/r/nAC/r/n,/r/nBD/r/n交于点/r/nM/r/n.填空:/r/n①/r/n的值为/r/n_____________/r/n;/r/n②∠/r/nAMB/r/n的度数为/r/n_____________/r/n./r/n(/r/n2/r/n)类比探究/r/n如图/r/n2/r/n,在/r/n△/r/nOAB/r/n和/r/n△/r/nOCD/r/n中,/r/n∠/r/nAOB/r/n=/r/n∠/r/nCOD/r/n=90°/r/n,/r/n∠/r/nOAB/r/n=/r/n∠/r/nOCD/r/n=30°/r/n,连接/r/nAC/r/n交/r/nBD/r/n的延长线于点/r/nM/r/n.请判断/r/n的值及/r/n∠/r/nAMB/r/n的度数,并说明理由./r/n(/r/n3/r/n)拓展延伸/r/n在(/r/n2/r/n)的条件下,将/r/n△/r/nOCD/r/n绕点/r/nO/r/n在平面内旋转,/r/nAC/r/n,/r/nBD/r/n所在直线交于点/r/nM/r/n.若/r/nOD/r/n=1/r/n,/r/nOB/r/n=/r/n,请直接写

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