【英语】英语阅读理解专项及解析

【英语】英语阅读理解专项及解析一、高中英语阅读理解.阅读理解ArobotcreatedbyWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU)scientistscouldhelpelderlypeoplewithdementia(痴呆)andotherlimitationsliveindependentlyintheirownhomes.TheRobotActivitySupportSystemorRAS,usessensorsinstalledinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities.Itnavigates(定位)throughroomsandaroundobstaclestofindpeopleonitsown,providesvideoinstructionsonhowtodosimpletasksandcanevenleaditsownertoobjectsliketheirmedicationorasnackinthekitchen."RAScombinestheconvenienceofamobilerobotwiththeactivitydetectiontechnologyofaWSUsmarthometoprovideassistanceinthemoment,astheneedforhelpisdetected,"saidBryanMinor,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience.Currently,anestimated50percentofadultsovertheageof85needassistancewitheverydayactivitiessuchaspreparingmealsandtakingmedicationandtheannualcostforthisassistanceintheUSisnearly$2trillion.Withthenumberofadultsover85expectedtotripleby2050,researchershopethattechnologieslikeRASandtheWSUsmarthomewillrelievesomeofthefinancialstrainonthehealthcaresystembymakingiteasierforolderadultstolivealone.RASisthefirstrobotresearchershavetriedtoincorporateintotheirsmarthomeenvironment.TheyrecentlypublishedastudyinthejournalCognitiveSystemsResearchthatdemonstrateshowRAScouldmakelifeeasierforolderadultsstrugglingtoliveindependently."Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising,"Minorsaid."ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performancewithagroupofolderadultstogetabetterideaofwhatprompts,videoremindersandotherpreferencestheyhaveregardingtherobot."iiB.Throughobjects.D.Throughtheirdailyactivities.iiB.Throughobjects.D.Throughtheirdailyactivities.A.Throughsensors.C.Throughamobilerobot.WhatcanweknowaboutRAS?Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.C.Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.Itsfunctionremainstobetested.Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.C.Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.Itsfunctionremainstobetested.D.Itcancookforownersonitsown.What'sMinor'sattitudetowardthefutureofRAS?A.Doubtful. B.Negative. C.Optimistic. D.Uncertain.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Elderlypeopleleavethenursinghome.B.SmartHomeTestsfirstelder-Carerobot.C.RAS,thefirstrobottomakehomesmart.D.OlderadultshavebenefitedfromRAS.【答案】(1)A⑵BCB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人，可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。1）考查细节理解。根据章第二段中的 “TheRobotActivitySupportSystem,orRAS,usessensors（传感器）equippedinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities可知机器人活动支持系统”（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器（传感器）来确定其居民在哪里，他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助，说明传感器起到了重大的作用，故选 A。2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 “ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance•・可知，这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测，说明正在测试阶段，故选B。3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 “Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising可知，Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信”心、非常乐观，故选C。4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。再根据最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance可知，机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试，故选” B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists（人类学家）.Descriptionslike"Palaeolithic（旧石器时代的 ）Man"."Neolithic（新石器时代的）Man",etc.neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel"LeglessMan".Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived（剥夺）oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.Whenyoutravelbycarortrain,anunclearpictureofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,especially,aremixedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays"I'vebeenthere."Youmentiontheremotest,andsomeoneisboundtosay"I'vebeenthere"-meaning,"Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse."Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.Anthropologistslabelmannowadays"LeglessMan"because.A.peopleprefercars,busesandtrainsB.peopleusetheirlegslessandlessC.liftspreventpeoplefromwalking D.peopletravelwithoutusinglegs2)Accordingtothepassage,whatmightmakepeoplelosetherightofusingtheireyes?A.themodernmeansoftransportation. B.Abird's-eyeviewoftheworld.C.Theunclearsightfromthevehicles. D.Thefast-pacedlifestyle.Fromthepassage,weknowtravelingathighspeedsmeans.A.appreciatingbeautifulscenery B.experiencinglifeskillsC.focusingonthenextdestination D.feelingphysicaltirednessWhatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Moderntransportationdeviceshavereplacedlegs.B.Travelingmakestheworldasmallplace.C.Human'shistorydevelopsveryfast. D.Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.【答案】(1)B⑵DCD【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于种种现代化交通设施，人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看风景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机……汽车、飞机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼，成为 无脚之人”，一切都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步 ——经历现实。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 "Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel 'LeglessMan'.Histortimewillgosomethinglikethis:"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."可知，人类学家给人类贴上了无腿人”的标签，因为人们使用腿越来越少了。故选 Bo(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 "Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived(录U夺)oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.可知，”根据这篇文章，快节奏的生活方式会让人们失去使用眼睛的权利。故选 Do(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 "Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.可知，我们知道高速旅行意味着关注下一个目的地。故选 C。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.可知，旅行的最好方法是步行。故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3.阅读理解TheotherdayIwasshoppingatthelocalChinesegrocerystore.Therewasalineatthefishcounter,butonlyonestaffpersonwastheretotakecareofthecustomers.Somecustomersorderedquiteanamountoffishforthatstaffpersontoworkon.AtlastIwasthesecondinline.AllIwantedwasacoupleofcrabsandshouldgetoutofthereinnotime.Noticingitwasverybusyatthefishcounter,anotherstaffpersoncameovertohelp.Iwasreadytobeserved,butthestaffpersonwenttotheendofthelineandbegantohelpacoupleofladieswithsnail(蜗牛).Thecustomersinfrontofme,beingserved,turnedaroundandlookedatmesympatheticallyandthecustomerbehindmecalledtothestaffperson,“Yoishouldstarthere,"pointingatme.Hewawell,ignored.Ifsomeoneaskedme,"WhatisthemostimportantruletofollowinAmerica?"Iwouldreplywithouthesitation."Waityourturnatalltimes."Whereveryougohereinthiscountry,youwillfindpeoplewaitinginalinequietlytogetanything:whetherinthesupermarkets,departmentstores,busstops,orgasstations,it'sjustamatterofwaitingyourturn.Inalargersense,"waityourturn"ismorethanjustaguideline——itisaverybasicrulethatreflectsthefundamentalvalueofthewesterncultures.Butinsomesituationsyourturndoesnotalwayscomebasedonwhenyougetthereandhowlongyouhavewaitedinline,justlikemycaseatthestore.Eventhoughthisdidnotoftenhappen,itdidmakemefeelupset.11)Whathappenedtotheauthoratthestore?A.Hewasill-treatedbyacustomer.B.Hewasn'tserveduponhisorder.C.Hewasaskedtobeservedlater.D.Hewasaskedtodoothersafavor.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Hisbelief.B.Hisculture.C.Hisexperience.D.Hisrule.Whydidtheauthorwritethetext?A.Toemphasizehiskindnesstoothers.B.Tointroducesomewesternculturestous.C.Toexpresshisbeliefandhisfeeling.D.ToshowhisdisbeliefinQueuingRule.【答案】（1）BCC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排队很久，受到不公平待遇的经历，借此表现了西方文化的特点——要遵守次序，同时也表明了作者的感受和建议。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Iwasreadytobeserved,butthestaffpersonwenttotheendofthelineandbegantohelpacoupleofladieswithsnail（蜗牛）.可知，我准备好了接”受服务，但服务员走到了队尾给几个想买蜗牛的女士提供了服务，因此轮到作者的次序时，作者并没有得到服务。故选 B。（2）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中的 “Butinsomesituationsyourturndoesnotalwayscomebasedonwhenyougetthereandhowlongyouhavewaitedinline,justlikemycaseatthestore.可知，在某些情况下，是否能轮到你的次序并不取决于你几点到这里、排了多久的”队，就像作者的情况一样，因此 “this指代的是作者的亲身经历。故选Co（3）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排了很久队却受到不公平待遇的经历。再根据最后一段中的“Eventhoughthisdidnotoftenhappen,itdidmakemefeelupset.可知，作者认为这种经历并不经常发生，但仍使作者感到比较失望，表达了作”者的想法和感受。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。．阅读理解WhenIwasthreeyearsold,Icouldn'tspeak.ItwasastrangerealitythatnoneofthedoctorsIvisitedcouldunderstand.Oneday,Iwasshadowing（跟随）mymother.Shefoundherselflookinginamirror,andthroughitoureyesmet.Shebegantospeaktomethroughthereflection,andIslowlybegantomimic（模仿）hermouth'smovementsuntilIformedaword.ItturnedoutI'mdeafinmyleftear,andhaveaslightprobleminmyright.Beinghardofhearinghasbeendifficult,butI'veneverlivedinastateofself-hatingsorrow.Imaginebeingabletoshutoutallsoundasyoulayyourheaddowntosleepbysimplyrollingoverontooneside.That'smyrealitywhenIsleeponmy"goodear",anditmakesmefeellikeasuperherosometimes.Peoplecallmydeafsidemy"badear",butwhenIwearmyhearingaid,Ihaveaccesstoarangeoffeaturesthatsomeotherdeafpeopledon't.Incinemas,forexample,withoneclickofabuttonIcanenjoyawholefilmasthoughitwerewhisperedtomefromthemouthsoftheactors.Owningahearingaidhasn'talwaysfeltgood,however.OnthefirstdayIgotmyaid,whenIwaseight,Itookittoschoolforshow-and-tell.AsIexplainedhowitworkedtomyclassmates,aboyyelledout,"Aren'tthoseforoldmen?"Atthatmoment,Ifeltdifferent.Ittookmealongtimetogetoverthatsenseofbeingsounlikemypeers.Butit'snotjustschoolkidswhocanmakeusdeafandhard-of-hearingpeoplefeellikeburdens.Everyvideoonsocialmediathatlackssubtitles（字幕）,forexample,meansanentirecommunityofdeafpeopleisunabletoenjoyit.Completelydeafpeopleareexcludedfromenjoyingmanymoviestoo,assubtitlesincinemasarealmostimpossibletofind.Andwithhearingaidscostingaround$2,500each,itcanbehardformanypeopletoaffordtobeabletolistentothethingsthatotherstakeforgranted.Asforme,Icanlistentomusic,enjoyfilms,andcatchconversations-I'mlucky.I'mdeaf,butIcanstillheareverything.I'vebeenblessedwithwonderfullifeexperiences,andIamhuman.Andwhenitcomestosleeping,I'mevensuperhuman.（1）Howdoestheauthorviewhishearingdifficulty?A.It'sadisasterandcauseshimalotoftrouble.B.Itgavehimachancetoexperiencesomethingspecial.C.Itmadehimfeelembarrassedinfrontofhisclassmates.D.Ithelpedhimtoliveinhisownworldwithoutbeinginterrupted.（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheauthor?A.Hewasborndeaf.B.Heisoptimisticandhelpful.C.Thehearingaidbringsconveniencetohisdailylife.D.Hisfamilyandclassmateshavesupportedhimalot.（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardhislife？A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Grateful.D.Disappointed.（4）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Togiveadviceonlifetodisabledpeople.B.Toshowhowdifficultlifeisfordisabledpeople.C.Toshowtheconvenienceahearingaidcouldbring.D.Tosharehisexperienceoftreatingadisadvantagewithgratitude.【答案】（1）BCCD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者天生有听力障碍，但是他却乐观地对待自己的缺陷，想办法让自己的生活充满了快乐。（1）考查细节理解。根据作者对自己日常生活 的描述，可知作者的听力障碍让他有机会经历了一些特殊的事情，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 “Andwithhearingaidscostingaround$2,500each,itcanbehardformanypeopletoaffordtobeabletolistentothethingsthatotherstakeforgranted.Asforme,Icanlistentomusic,enjoyfilms,andcatchconversations-I'mlucky.对我来说，我可以听音乐，欣赏电影，捕捉对话 ——我很幸运。可知助听器给他的日常生活带来了方便，故选C。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"hGeenblessedwithwonderfullifeexperiences,andIamhuman.可知作者对生活充^感激，故选 C。(4)考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者天生有听力障碍，但是他却乐观地对待自己的缺陷，想办法让自己的生活充满了快乐，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是以感激的心情分享他对待劣势的经验，故选 Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作意图两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。.阅读理解Nothinggoodgenerallycomesofaconversationthatstartwiththewords,"IthinkyoushouldprobablysitdownbeforeItellyouthis. ”Andsoitcametopass.AwayforChristmas,wegotacallfromkindfriendsathome,ourneighbour'shousehadcaughtfirewhiletheywereout.Thefiredidn'tspreadtoourhousebutthesmokeverymuchdid.It'sweeksofeitherthrowingout,orsendingawayforspecialistcleaning,everysinglethingintowhichsmokecouldhavepermeated(渗透)becausetheparticles(微粒)areanongoinghealthriskandwashingisn'tenough.Anythingsoft—sofasandcarpetsandchildren'steddybears,clothes—issuspected.WewillbeseeingintheNewYearinadecidedlyminimalistfashion.WhatIdidn'texpecttofeel,however,isthislucky.Friendsandneighbourshavecometogetherwithincrediblegenerosity.Wewillneveragainunderestimatetheclosenessofthevillagecommunityinwhichwelive,ortheinnatekindnessthatismostpeople'snaturalreactiontotrouble,andaregratefultoberemindedofsomuchthatisgood.Butthat'snottheonlythingI'velearned.Forinasense,wehaveachancetostartagain.Thesurpriseonbeingforcedtothinkaboutwhatmighturgentlyneedreplacingishowshortthelistofessentialsseems;howmuchwemusthavebeenhangingontooutofhabit,andhowmuchwehavebeenconditionedtothinkwasimportant.It'salltooeasilyassumedthatfamilyhistorylivesintangible(有形的)things—oldphotographs,adressboughtdecadesagoforanightheavywithmemories——butthat'snotquiteright.Thesethingswereonlyremindersofwhatwealreadycarrywithusinheadandheart.Walkingthroughthehouse,sweepingupthebrokenglass,Irealisedthattheanswertotheoldquestionof"Whatwouldyousaveinafire?"isactuallythatnothingreallymattersbuteachother.11)Whathappenedtotheauthor'shouse?A.Itcaughtafire.B.Itwasaffectedbyafire.C.Itwasbrokenintobyfriends.D.Itswindowswerebroken.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"suspected"inParagraph3referto?A.somethingthatmaybedamaged.B.somethingthatmaynotbegenuine.C.somethingthatmaynotbesogood.D.somethingthatmaybedangerous.（3）Whatdidtheauthorexpecttofeel?A.Peoplearoundhimwerecoldtoothers'trouble.B.Hisfriendsandneighboursweresogenerous.C.Peopleinhiscommunitywereclosetoeachother.D.Hewassoluckytofindmuchthatwasgood.HowwilltheauthorprobablyfeelwhentheNewYearfinallycomes?A.Worried.B.Surprised.C.Excited.D.Contented.【答案】（1）BAAD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩。作者感受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ourneighbour'shousehadcaughtfirewhiletheywereout.Thefiredidn'tspreadtoourhousebutthesmokeverymuchdid.；第三段中的”“everysinglethingintowhichsmokecouldhavepermeated可知邻”居家在外出时着火了，虽然火没有蔓延到作者家，但烟殃及了房子，作者家的房子受到了影响。故选B。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“everysinglethingintowhichsmokecouldhavepermeated（渗透）becausetheparticles（微粒）areanongoinghealthriskandwashingisn'tenough.可知每件被烟雾渗透的物品都要专门清洗或扔掉，因为那些微粒威胁健康，有”的仅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔软的东西被认为可能是被污染损害的东西，suspected指的就是这些东西。故选 A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的 “WhatIdidn'texpecttofeel,however,isthislucky.作者没想到的是自己家很幸运，下文提到朋友们和邻居们都提供了帮助，作者从中感受到了他们的善良。由此推知作者原来认为的是人们会对别人家的困难很冷漠，故选 A。（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 “WewillbeseeingintheNewYearinadecidedlyminimalistfashion.可知作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，作者认为”即将到来的新年肯定是简约的。但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩；再根据最后一段中的“Irealisedthattheanswertotheoldquestionof ‘Whatwouldyousaveinafire? 'isactuallythatnothingreallymattersbutea麻尚her1至U拥有彼此才是最重要的。这些说明作者是满足的，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。.阅读理解Notre-Dame,thecathedral(大教堂)thatservesasoneofParis'smostbelovedmonuments,isonfire.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,thefirebeganaround6:30p.m.localtime,whentouristsurgentlyrushedoutofthebuilding.WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,toldTheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhiledamagetothebuildingappearscatastrophic(灾难性的)CNNreportsthatover400firefightershavebeensenttofightthefire,butthattheymaybeunabletosavethecathedral.Builtinthe12thcentury,Notre-DamehousesseveralrelicsimportanttoCatholics(天主教徒).NBCNewsreportsthatrelicsfromSaintGenevieveandSaintDenismaybeenlost,togetherwitharelicbelievedtobefromJesusChrist'scrownofthorns,butitstatesthatauthoritiesnowbelievethatthecathedralhasbeensavedfrom “totaldestrucNotre-Dameisvisitedbyareported30,000peopleadayand13millionpeopleperyear.Itsdestructionrepresentsaglobalculturalloss."Thisisjusthorrible",MohamedMegdoul,33,afilmproducerandwitnesstothefiretoldTheTimes,speakingthroughtears."Athousandyearsofhistoryisbeingwipedaway.Thisbelongedtothewholeworld,andnowit'sdisappearing."FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronexpressedhissadnessonTwitter."Notre-DameofParisinflames,"readsanEnglishtranslationofhisstatement."Emotionforawholenation.ThoughtsforallCatholicsandforalltheFrench.Likeallourcountrymen,I'msadtogethertoseethispartofusburn."Otherpoliticians,includingMelanisTrump,LondonMayorSadiqKhan,U.K.PrimeMinisterTheresaMayalsosharedtheirsadnessonTwitter.WhatdoweknowaboutNotre-Dameaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasbeencompletelydestroyedbythefire.B.It'sahugepoliticallosstotheworld.C.It'sonlymeaningfultoCatholics.D.Thereasonofthefireremainedtobefoundout.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?A.ThehistoryofFranceisdestroyedbecauseofthefire.B.Thelossthefirecausedishuge.C.ThedamageofNotre-Dameisbeingwipedoff.D.Thecathedralhasbeensavedfrom"totaldestruction".What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.ToreportadisasterofNotre-Dame.B.Toexpresspeople'ssadnessofthedestruction.C.ToemphasizethevalueofNotre-Dame.D.Toshowtheconcernsfromtheworldwide.【答案】(1)D⑵BA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关信息。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,toldTheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhiledamagetothebuildingappearscatastrophic(灾难性的)”这起火灾的原因还不得而知，对建筑的破坏是灾难性的，并没有说建筑被完全破坏了。故选Do(2)考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的 "ItsdestructionrepresentsaglobalculturallossAthousandyearsofhistoryisbeingwipedaway.，可知，它的毁灭代表了全球文化的损失。MohamedMegdoul说道：这很糟糕，一千年的历史就这样被破坏殆尽。 wipeaway擦掉，破坏殆尽由此判断出这就话显示了火灾造成的损失是巨大的。故选 Bo(3)考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关信息。因此本文的目的在于报导巴黎圣母院遭遇的巨大灾难。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。.阅读理解TheAmericannewspaperhasbeenaroundforaboutthreehundredyears.In1721,theprinterJamesFranklin,Benjamin'solderbrother,startedtheNewEnglandCourant,andthatwaswhatwemightrecognizetodayasarealnewspaper.Hefilledhispaperwithstoriesofadventure,articlesonart,onfamouspeople,andonallsortsofpoliticalsubjects.ThreecenturiesaftertheappearanceofFranklin'sCourant,fewbelievethatnewspapersintheirpresentprintedformwillremainaliveforlong,Newspapercompaniesarelosingadvertisers,readers,marketvalue,andinsomecases,theirsenseofpurposeataspeedthatwouldnothavebeenimaginablejustseveralyearsago.ThechiefeditoroftheTimessaidrecently,“Aplaceswheretheygather,editorsaskoneanother,'Howareyou?',asiftheyhavejustcomeoutofthehospitaloralostlawcase.AnarticleaboutthenewspaperappealedonthewebsiteoftheGuardian,undertheheadline "NOTDEADYET.”Perhapsnot,buttheriseoftheInternet,whichhasmadethedailynewspaperlookslowandoutofstepwiththeworld,hasbroughtaboutarealsenseofdeath,SomeAmericannewspapershavelost42%oftheirmarketvalueinthepastthreeyears.TheNewYorkTimesCompanyhasseenitsstock(股票)dropby54%sincetheendof2004,withmuchofthelosscominginthepastyear.AmanageratDeutscheBanksuggestedthatstock-holderssellofftheirTimesstock.TheWashingtonPostCompanyhaspreventedthetroubleonlybychangingpartofitsbusinesstoeducation;itstestingandtest—preparationservicenowbringsinatleasthalfthecompany'sincome,WhatcanwelearnabouttheNewEnglandCourant?A.Itismainlyaboutthestockmarket. B.Itcarriesarticlesbypoliticalleaders.C.Itmarksthebeginningofnewspapers. D.ItremainsasuccessfulnewspaperinAmerica.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewspapereditors?A.Theyoftenacceptreaders'suggestions.B.Theycawalotabouteachother'shealth.C.Theystopdoingbusinesswithadvertisers.D.Theyfacegreatdifficultiesintheirbusiness.(3)Whichofthefollowingfoundanewwayforitsdevelopment?A.theWashingtonPost. B.TheGuardian.C.TheNewYorkTinier. D.NewEnglandCourant.(4)Howdoestheauthorseemtofeelaboutthefutureofnewspapers ”?A.Satisfied. B.Hopeful. C.Surprised. D.Worried.【答案】(1)C⑵DAD【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国报纸的由来，以及现在面临的挑战和做出的调整。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 "theprinterJamesFranklin,Benjamin'solderbrother,startedtheNewEnglandCourant,andthatwaswhatwemightrecognizetodayasarealnewspaper.可知，JamesFranklin创办的NewEnglandCourant就是我们今天所知的真正的报纸，也就标志着美国报业的开始，故选 Co(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 aNewspapercompaniesarelosingadvertisers,readers,marketvalue可知，报社正在逐渐失去广告商，读者和市场价值，以及后面编辑的话 "Atplaceswheretheygather,editorsaskoneanother,'Howareyou?',asiftheyhavejustcomeoutofthehospitaloralostlawcase.",编辑们现在见面聊天的时候都会互相问候 你还好吗”仿佛刚出院或输了一场官司，其实隐含的意思就是因为报纸业的不景气，编辑们现在正面临着困难，所以这个问候应该是你们报社生意怎么样？故选 Do(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段可知，找到一种新的发展方式的是 TheWashingtonPost《华盛顿邮报》。故选Ao(4)考查推理判断。通读全文，作者列举了报业所面临的种种问题，可以判断作者对此很担忧。故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。8.阅读理解SamantaSchweblin,oneofthebestyoungSpanishlanguagenovelistsnominated（提名）byBritishliterarymagazineGranta,hasvisitedBeijingtopromotethefirstChineseeditionofacollectionofhershortstories.Thecollection,BirdsintheMouth,hasbeentranslatedandpublishedbyShanghai-basedpublisherReader.“SometimesIholdtheChineseeditionandchooseastoryatrandomandtrytoguesswhichoneitis.Butitisalmostimpossibleforme;eventhelengthisdifferent. "saysSchwebliibookistranslatedintoaWesternlanguage,Icanatleastunderstandsomepartsofmystories,andthereforesuffersomedoubtaboutthequalityofthetranslation.ButmyChineseeditionismorelikeanactoffaith. ”BorninArgentinain1978,SchweblinsayssheisinfluencedbytheliterarytraditionsoftheLaPlataarea,hometomanyfamousLatin-Americannovelists.Interestedinwritingstoriesofordinaryliveswheresuddenlysomethingextraordinaryhappens,somethingnew,strangeorunknown,shethinks, “Thestrangerandtheunknownarenotalwaysrelatedtoghostsoraliens,butcanbesomethingrelatedtotheknownworld,somethingthatactuallycouldhappen.”BirdsintheMouthtellsofadivorcedfatherwhoworriesabouthis13-year-olddaughterandhermysteriousappetites.Itturnsoutthathisdaughtereatslivebirds.TheideaforthisstorycametoSchweblinwhenshewasbrowsingtheInternet, “Click,clicclick,apictureofalittlegirlwholooksfrightenedwithherhandscoveringhermouthcametomyeyes.Littlebylittle,Idevelopedthestoryinmymind,andthenwroteitdown"recallsSchweblin.AlthoughthereareelementsofviolenceandbloodinessinSchweblin'sstories,sheskillfullyhidesthem,thinkingthetricktowritingathrillingstoryistostopthemonsterfromappearing,whilemaintainingafrighteningandmysteriousatmosphere.SamantaSchweblincametoChinato.A.payavisittoBeijing B.translateherstoriesintoChineseC.helptomakeherbookmorepopularD.publishhercollectionWhenmenti