中考 状语从句专题讲解加配套练习

中考状语从句专题讲解加配套练习中考状语从句专题讲解加配套练习中考状语从句专题讲解加配套练习中考状语从句专题讲解加配套练习编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:第四讲状语从句知识要点列举要点一、状语从句概述状语主要是用来修饰动词和形容词的，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果等。状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。要点二、状语从句的分类按照其意义不同一般可分为九大类，分别是：1、时间状语从句2、原因状语从句3、目的状语从句4、结果状语从句5、条件状语从句6、让步状语从句7、地点状语从句8、比较状语从句9、方式状语从句初中阶段主要掌握前面1到6种状语从句。要点三、状语从句的分类讲解时间状语从句用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until如：Ididn'trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.知识拓展知识拓展（一）由when,while,as引导的时间状语从句的区别用法▲when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。如：①Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)②WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.当我的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）③Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。（就在那时）▲While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。如：①Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.(wasreading是延续性的动词，并且wasreading和waswatching同时发生)②Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）▲As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。如：①Wealwayssingaswewalk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）②Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）（二）由before和after引导的时间状语从句的区别用法▲before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。如：Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他们要过四天才能回来。Einsteinalmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。Theyhadnotbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredivorced.他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。▲after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。如：Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）（三）till或until引导的时间状语从句的区别till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。但要注意的是：①如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；②如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。③till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。如：Ididn'tgotobeduntil（till）myfathercameback.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。Ididn'tworkuntilhecameback.他回来我这才开始工作。PleasewaituntilIarrived.在我到达之前请等我。（四）since引导的时间状语从句的用法since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在Itis＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。如：IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。（五）在时间状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时或祈使句表示将来的意义时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。如：I’lllethimknowassoonasshecomes.她一来，我就会让你知道。Janedidn’tgotoworkuntilshefinishedherhomework.简直到完成作业才睡觉。原因状语从句用表示原因的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是原因状语从句。原因状语从句通常由because,since,as,for引导。如：Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.知识拓展知识拓展①because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。②as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。③for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。如：---Whyaren'tyougoingthere？

---BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.目的状语从句用表示目的的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是目的状语从句。引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear等。如：IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.我租了一条船去约鱼。Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains(shouldrain).带上雨衣以防下雨。Hestudiedhardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他努力学习是为了能通过考试。知识拓展知识拓展sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：①目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。②从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。

如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)

Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)4.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有sothat,so…that，such…that等。如：Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.他气得话都说不出来。Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.他关窗子用力太大，玻璃都震破了。【注】：so…that和such...that可以互换。▲在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。如：Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.▲在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything..Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.▲如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.▲so...that...句型的否定形式可用简单句too...to...或not...enoughto代替。如：Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.他太小了，不能上学。＝Heistooyoungtogotoschool.＝Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.5、条件状语从句①引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if,unless，as[so]longas等。如：Don'tcomeunlessItelephone.除非我打电话，否则你别来。Ifyouwatchcarefullyyouwillseehowtodoit.如果你仔细看，你会看出该怎样做。②在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（主将从现）。如：I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.③“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句（一般将来时）”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.6.让步状语从句①引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although,though,eventhough，evenif（即使），如：Thespeechisgood,thoughitcouldbebetter.这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。Hewentouteventhoughitwasraining.尽管下着雨，他还是出去了。②连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：Whilewedon'tagreewitheachother,wecontinuetobefriends.尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。③whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等引导让步状语从句。如：Don'tloseheartwhateveryoudo.不管你做什么，都不要灰心。Whoeveryouare,youcan'tpassthisway.不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。【注意】：表示“虽然”的though，although不可与but连用，但可与yet，still连用。④as也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略a或an。如：Teacherasheis,hecan'tknoweverything.虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。例题精析willstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.

A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where答案：A。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。

2.---Shallwegoonworking？

---Yes,_______Iprefertohavearest.

A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though

答案：D。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。

ofusknewwhathadhappened_______theytoldusaboutit.

A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though

答案：B。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not…until”这一句型。

hopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear!

---Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.

A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till答案：B。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用assoonas。5.Scientistssayitmaybeafewyears____itispossibletotestthenewmedicineonpatients.(2010，无锡)答案：C。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。根据题意可知从句的事情发生在主句之前。故选before。6.Wewillhavenowatertodrink_______wedon'tprotecttheearth.(2010，上海)答案：D。思路分析：从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选D。7.-Couldweplayfootballinyourplayground,Sir（2010，扬州）-No,_______youhavetheprincipal'snote.答案：B。思路分析：从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，句子意思是“除非你有校长的指示”。8.—Youboughtthecarabouttenyearsago(2011，黄岗)—Yes.______it’sold,itstillrunswell.A.BecauseB.SinceC.AlthoughD.But答案：C思路分析：本题考查让步状语从句。根据句意“尽管旧了，但它运转很好。”because因为，since既然，although尽管，but但是。故选C。9.—WillyoupleasegivethedictionarytoJane—Sure,I’llgiveittoher_____shearriveshere.(2011，天津)A.beforeB.untilC.becauseD.assoonas答案：D思路分析：本题考查时间状语从句。句意“她一到这儿，我就会给她”。before在……之前，不符合逻辑；until直到，不能与短暂性动词(give)连用；because因为，不符合逻辑；assoonas一……就，符合句意。故选D。10.—Whatwasyourbrotherdoingatthistimeyesterday(2011，滨州)—Hewasreadingamagazine_______Iwaswritinganemailathome.A.assoonasB.afterC.untilD.while答案：D思路分析：本题考查时间状语从句。表示“当……时”，连接两个同时进行的动作，用while。故选D。11.Thebookwaswrittenin___easyEnglish___evenprimaryschoolstudentscouldunderstandit.(2011，镇江)A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.very;that答案：B思路分析：本题考查结果状语从句。D本身为错误项，故排除；C项中to后接动词原形，排除；A项中so后接形容词，排除；such＋名词短语＋that从句表“如此……以至于……”。故选B。课堂巩固练习A组根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。Iamnotangrywithhim,____________________jokeshe______onme.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。MrsBrucewas_______kindtoherstudents______they______her_____theirmother.3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance________________wetryourbest.4.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？

Willyoupleasecallme__________________yougettoShanghai.5.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano__________________shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.6.虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。___________________________,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.7.他长大后相当一名记者。Hewantstobeajournalist___________________________.8.无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。______________windyorrainy,ourteacherisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.9.如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。______________________________toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.10.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。LiMingdidn'tcometoschool__________________________.Key：1.nomatterwhat;plays;that;regarded;as3.aslongas4.aslongas5.somuchthat6.Thoughshewasbusy7.whenhegrowsupit’s9.Ifeveryonemakesacontribution10.becausehewasillB组单项选择：()1._____wegavehimsomethingtoeat,hewouldsaveitupforhislittlesister.A.WhateverB.HoweverC.WheneverD.Whichever()2.Hard-workingthoughhewas,_____therewasneverenoughmoneytopaythebills.A./B.AndC.butD.therefore()3.Muchhard______hetried，heflailedtocatchupwiththefirstrunner.A.althoughB.AsC.whileD.when()4.IgotintouchwithCharles______Ireceivedhisletter.A.whenimmediatelyB.SoonC.immediatelyD.suddenly()5.Wewerejust_____callingyouup_____youcamein.A.about;whenB.onthepointof;whileC.onthepointof;whenD.onthepointof;as()6.Mostofhisgreatnovelsandplayswerenotpublishedorknowntothepublic____histragic(悲剧)deathin1786.A.evenbeforeB.eversinceC.untilafterD.untilbefore()7.Mr.SaddamHusseinhadtogowiththeAmericansoldiers,______.A.nomatterhelikesornotB.nomatterheshouldlikeitornotC.nomatterwhetherhelikesornotD.nomatterhemaylikeitornot()8._____,Ihavetoputitawayandfocus(集中)myattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing()9.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,____theyhuntthemforfood.A.ifB.WhileC.unlessD.as()10.______hethoughthewashelpinguswiththework,hewasactuallyintheway.A.AlthoughB.UnlessC.BecauseD.When()11.Babiessleepl6tol8hoursinevery24hours,andtheysleepless______theygrowolder.A.whileB.asC.whenD.after()12.Ihavebeenkeepingtheportrait_____Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmychildhoodinParis.A.sinceB.WhereC.asD.if()13.________yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck()14.Iwouldneverspeaktosomeonelikethat_____theysaidsomethingunpleasanttome.A.evenifB.sothatC.asifD.eversince()15.－DidyouremembertoreturnthebooktoourEnglishteacher－Yes.Igaveittohim________Isawhim.A.onceB.whileC.ifD.themoment()16.AwarningnewsreportfromQatarannouncesthatagroupofIslamwillcontinuetokillAmericanswherevertheyare________theyleavetheArabworldforever.A.eventhoughB.incaseC.wheneverD.until()17.—MayIgonow—______you'vefinishedyourwork,youmaygo.A.AfterB.AlthoughC.NowthatD.Assoonas()18."______Ilivethereareplentyofsheep."saidtheboy______pride.A.Where;withB.When;inC.That;inD.Why;with()19.Heseemedtohavebeenasleep,soIsaidnothing,butsat_____hewouldseeme_____waking.A.whether;whenB.that；whenC.which；whereD.where；when()20.Itwillbefiveyears______wemeetagain.A.sinceB.UntilC.beforeD.when()21.Neverloseheart______difficultyyoumaymeetwith.A.whatB.whateverC.howD.however()22.______weareallowed______,wecan’tdrinkanybeer.A.Aslongas;todoB.If;toC.Unless;toD.Onconditionthat;doingso()23.Youcanstillfindbonesofthebirds______theyusedtolive.A.inwhichB.intheplaceC.whereD.that()24.Howcantheylearnanything______theyspendalltheirsparetimewatchingTVA.whereB.whenC.whileD.but()25._____Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.A.WhileB.IfC.AsD.Unless答案与思路分析：1.A.因为gave后面已经有表示物的直接宾语了，排除代词A、C、和D。however意为“无论如何”；whenever意为“每当…”，根据句意，只有选C，意义才通。2.A.因为前面已经连词though了，所以不再需要连词了。Hard-workingthoughhewas=Althoughhewashard-working。3.B.因为as引导让步状语从句，要求将从句的表语或状语等放到句首。而although,while表示让步时，都用正常语序；另外，though引导的让步状语从句，其表语或状语等可提前也可不提前。4.C.因为immediately,instantly,directly和themoment,theinstant,theminute等都可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas。5.C.因为表示“正要做某事时，突然又发生另一件事”的句型是：was/werejustabouttodosth.when…did…或was/werejustonthepointofdoingsth.when…did…6.C.因为not…until…“直到…才…”，再接before语意上不通，要用after。7.C.因为nomatter后一定要接疑问词或whether。8.C.引导状语从句时nomatterhow=however，其后接形容词或副词，只有C正确。9.C.unless“除非、如果不”。句意是：大多数动物与其它不同种类的动物都没有什么联系，除非是把它们猎为食物。10.A.句意是：虽然他认为他在帮我们做工，但事实上他是在挡事。11.B.表示主、从句的谓语动词同时变化的“随着…”只能用as。12.B.因为keeptheportrait(把照片放在…)后面一定是指所放的“地方”了，所以用where(在…的地方)引导一个地点状语从句。13.C.因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，mistakes不能check，排除A和D；若用B，则前后是两个句子，又无连词，排除B。14.A.只有先A，前后意义才通：evenif即使、纵然；sothat为了、以便；asif.好象；eversince从(那时)到现在。15.D.因为themoment可作连词，与assoonas相当。16.D.until(直到…)与肯定句连用，引出的时间是主句谓语动词结束的时间。eventhough即使；incase以防万一；whenever每当、无论何时。17.C.因为nowthat=since“既然”。18.A.因为withpride(骄傲地)是固定短语；where(在…的地方)引导一个地点状语从句，19.D.由where引导一个地点状语从句，表示坐(sat)的地方；后面是带有连词的现在分词作时间状语，whenwaking=whenhewoke。20.C.因为Itwillbe+时间段+before…是固定句式，意为“过…之后才…”。句意是：要过五年之后，我们才会再次见面。21.B.因为whatever=nomatterwhat引导一个让步状语从句，并作difficulty的定语。句意是：你无论遇到什么困难，也决不要灰心丧气。22.C.句意是：如果不允许我们喝啤酒，我们就不能喝。23.C.因为无先行词，不是定语从句，而是由where引导的一个地点状语从句。句意是：在它们过去居住的地方，你仍然可以找到鸟的骨头。24.B.题中when=since既然。句意是：既然他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，他们还能学到什么呢25.A.因为while可以表示让步，与although相当，意为“虽然”。能力提升A组阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。MysonJoeywasbornwithclubfeet.Thedoctorssaidthatwithtreatmenthewouldbeabletowalk,butwouldneverrunverywell.Thefirstthreeyearsofhislifewas1inhospital.Bythetimehewaseight,youwouldn'tknowhehasaproblemwhenyousawhim2.Childreninourneighborhoodalwaysranaround3theirplay,andJoeywouldjumpandranandplay,4.Wenevertoldhimthatheprobablywouldn'tbe5torunliketheotherchildren.Sohedidn'tknow.In6gradehedecidedtojointheschoolrunningteam.Everydayhetrained.Heranmorethananyoftheothers,7onlythetopsevenrunnerswouldbechosentorunforthe8.Wedidn'ttellhimheprobablywouldnevermaketheteam,sohedidn'tknow.Heranfourtofivemileeveryday-evenwhenhehadafever.Iwas9,soIwentto10himafterschool.Ifoundhimrunning11.Iaskedhimhowhefelt.“Okay,”hesaid.Hehastwomoremilestogo.Yethelookedstraightaheadandkept12.Twoweekslater,thenamesoftheteam13werecaked.Joeywasnumbersixonthelist.Joeyhad14theteam.Hewasinseventhgrade-theothersixteammemberswerealleighthgraders.Wenevertoldhimhecouldn'tdoit…sohedidn'tknow.Hejust15it.()1.A.spentB.takenC.costD.paid()2.A.talkB.sitC.studyD.walk()3.A.afterB.beforeC.duringD.till()4.A.eitherB.tooC.thoughD.yet()5.A.ableB.sorryC.gladD.afraid()6.A.sixthB.seventhC.eighthD.ninth()7.A.soB.ifC.thenD.because()8.A.neighborhoodB.familyC.schoolD.grade()9.A.excitedB.tiredC.pleasedD.worried()10.A.thinkaboutB.hearfromC.agreewithD.lookfor()11.A.aloneB.awayC.almostD.already()12.A.ridingB.walkingC.playingD.running()13.A.jumpersB.runnersC.doctorsD.teachers()14.A.gotB.keptC.madeD.found()15.A.didB.hadC.leftD.took

Keys：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A6.B7.D8.C9.D10.D11.D12.D13.B14.C15.DB组阅读文章，选择最佳答案（A）Unlesswespendmoneytospot(认出，发现)andpreventasteroids(小行星)now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteoroids(流星体)thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddon’tthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandsofasteroidswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.But$500millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow,thenspend$10millionayearforthenext25yearstolocatemostofthespacerocks.Bythetimewespotafatalone,thescientistssay,we’llhaveawaytochangeitscourse.IsitworthitTwothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskare(i)Howlikelytheeventis;(2)Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs.ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstrikeEarthonceevery500,000years.Soundsprettyrarebutifonedidfall.Itwouldbetheendoftheworld.“Ifwedon’ttakecareofthesebidasteroids,they’lltakecareofus,”saysonescientist.“it’sthatsimple.”Thecure,though,mightbeworsethanthedisease.Dowereallywantfleets(舰队，车队)ofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth“theworldhaslessfearfromdoomsday(毁灭性)rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem.”SaidaNewYorkTimesarticle.()1.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutasteroidsandmeteoroidsA.Theyareheavenlybodiesdifferentincomposition.B.Theyareheavenlybodiessimilarinnature.C.Theyaremoreasteroidsthanmeteoroids.D.Asteroidsaremoremysteriousthanmeteoroids.()2.WhatdoscientistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarthA.Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.B.Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.C.CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.D.It’sstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.()3.WhatdopeoplethinkofthesuggestionofusingnuclearweaponstoalterthecourseofasteroidsA.Itsoundspracticalbutitmaynotsolvetheproblem.B.Itmaycreatemoreproblemsthanitmightsolve.C.ItisawasteofmoneybecauseacollisionofasteroidswithEarthisveryunlikely.D.Furtherresearchshouldbedonebeforeitisprovedapplicable.()4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.A.Whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworld.B.AsteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfuture.C.Theworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetime.D.WorkablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarth.()ofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthispassageA.Optimistic(乐观的)(批评的)C.Objective(客观的)D.Arbitrary(武断的)Key：BABDC(B)DoanimalshaveacultureWhatdowemeanby“culture”Latelysocialscientistshavebeguntoaskifcultureisfoundjustinhumans,orifsomeanimalshaveaculturetoo.Whenwespeakofculture,wemeanawayoflifeagroupofpeoplehaveincommon.Cultureincludesthebeliefsandattitudeswelearn.Itisthepatternsofbehaviorthathelppeopletolivetogether.Itisalsothepatternsofbehaviorthatmakeonegroupofpeopledifferentfromanothergroup.Ourcultureletsusmakeupforhavinglostoutstre