细胞生物学高等教育

TextbookMolecular

Cell

Biology.

4th

ed.

Lodish

et

al.

2013，7th

edMolecular

Biology

of

the

Cell

4th

Edition,

Bruce

Albertsetal.,

2002(

)、 孝、

.

细胞生物学，高等教育

，2011，第四版课件上传

：

Teachers:Yuan

LiYe

JunJin

QuanwenYu

XianwenFinal

score:20%Mid-term

exam

40%Final

exam

40%Introduction

of

Molecular

Cell

Biology

(Ye,

2.15)Culturing,Visualizing,and

Perturbing

Cells

(week,Jin,

2.19,

2.22)Biomembrane

Structure

(Ye,

2.29)Transmembrane

transport

ofIons

and

small

Molecules

(Ye,3.4,3.7)Cellular

energetics

(Ye,3.14)Moving

Proteins

into

Membranes

and anelles

(Ye,3.18)Vesicular

Traffic,Secretion,and

Endocytosis

(Ye,3.21)SignalingTransduction

and

G

Protein-Coupled

Receptors(Yu,3.28)Signaling

Pathways

that

Control

Gene

Activity(Yu,4.1)Arrangement

of

this

curriculumCellCellanization

and

MovementI:Microfilament

(Yu,4.4)anization

andMovement

II:Microtubules

and

InternediateFilaments

(Yu,4.11)Half-course

test,

9th

week,4.15)Nucleus

(Ye,

4.19)The

Eukaryotic

Cell

Cycle

(Jin

4.25;4.29)Cell

Senecence

(ye,

5.2)Integrating

Cells

Into

Tissue

(Yuan,5.9;5.13)Stem

Cells,Cell

Asymmetry,andCell

Death

(Yuan,5.16;5.23)Cancer

(Yuan,5.27;5.30)Final

test

(18th

week)Research

objectives

of

the

cell

biologyMicroscope

and finding

of

the

cellCell

theoryElectronic

microscope

and

the

rise

ofcell

biologymodernChronology

of

the

events

in

cell

biologyResearch

of cell

biology

in

ChinaIntroduction

to

Molecular

biology

of

the

cellUnderstanding

of

the

structure

and

functionThe

molecular

mechanisms

of

complex

processes

in

cellsThe

methods

used

in

Molecular

and

CellBiology.Research

objectives

of

the

cell

biologyCell

biology

derived

from

Cytology

whichfocus

on

observation

on

morphology

of

thecell（Especially

for

chromosome）.The

researchinghotspot

on

cell

biologyCellular

signal

transductionGene

regulationand

expressionCell

cycle

regulationCell

aging(senescence)

and

ApoptosisThe

invention

of

the

compound

microscope

can

becredited

to

Zacharias

Janssen

in

the

late

sixteenthcentury.Microscope

and finding

of

the

cellRobert

Hooke

（1635-1703）Cork

tissueA.van

LeeuwenhoekMagnification

ranges

at

50-275x.(1632-1723)Leeuwenhoek

described

microscopic

lifeFigure

8-1.

Microscopiclife.

A

sample

of

"diverseanimalcules"

seen

byvanLeeuwenhoek

using

hissimple

microscope.(A)Bacteria

seen

inmaterialhe

excavatedfrombetween

his

teeth.

Thosein

fig.

B

he

describedas"swimming

forwardand

then

backwards"(1692).

(B)

The

eucaryoticgreen

alga

Volvox

(1700).http://w/micro_1.htmThe

21st

century

Microscope1.Matthias

Schleiden

(1804-1881),German

botanist

，publishedhis

results

in

Beiträge

zur

Phytogenesis(Contributions

of

Phytogenesis,

1838)，conceivedthat

all

plants

were

made

up

of

recognizable

units,or

cells

.Cell

theory2.

Th r

Schwann（1810~1882)，German

physiologist

.

In

1839,

heextended

Schleiden's

cell

theory

toanimals,

stating

that

all

living

thingsare

composed

of

cells.Th r

Schwann

：The

cell

is

the

unit

of

structure,

physiology,

andanization in

living

things.The

cell

retains

a

dual

existenceas

a

distinct

entity and

abuilding

block

in

the

construction

of

anisms.Cells

form

by

free-cell

formation,

similar

tothe formation

ofcrystals

(spontaneous

generation).Twenty

years

later

in1855

Rudolf

Virchowproposed

an

importantextension

of

cell

theorythat

"

All

l

iving

cellsarise

from

pre-existingcells"1821-1902The

modern

tenets

of

the

CellTheoryAll

known

living

things

are

made

up

of

cells.The

cell

isstructural

&

functional

unit

of

all

living

things.All

cellscome

from

pre-existing

cellsby

division.(Spontaneous

Generation

does

not

occur).Cells

contains

hereditary

information

whichis

passed

fromcell

to

cellduring

cell

division.All

cells

are

basically

the

same

in

chemical

composition.All

energy

flow

(metabolism

&

biochemistry)of

life

occurswithin

cells.Ernst

Ruska（1906-1988）,

Germanelectrical

engineer

who

invented

theelectron

microscope

(50nm)

in

the

world.Won

the

the

nobel

prize

in

physics1986

Electronic

microscope

and

the

rise

ofmodern

cell

biology1925,E.B.

wilson1961,J.BrachetChronology

of

the

events

in

cell

biologyFlemming,Walther

(1843-1905),German

anatomist,named

the

division

of

somatic

cells

mitosis

in

1882.Eduard.Strasburger

(1844~1912)observed

mitosis

inplant

cell。Edouard

van

Beneden

(1846-1910)

the

Belgianzoologist

,

discoved

meiosis

in

Ascaris

megalocephala.Friedrich

.

Miescher

(Swiss)(1844-1895)

discoverednucleic

acids

in

1869.English

bacteriologistF.Griffith

(1881-1941)demonstration

of

bacterialtransformation

withStreptococcusp oniaein

1928.American

O.

Avery，C.Macleod and

M.

McCarthydiscover

DNA

as

thegenetic

materials

in

1944.Frederik.Zernike

(18881966)

，DutchThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physics

1953"for

his

demonstration

of

the

phase

contrast

method,

especially

for

hisinvention

of

the

phase

contrast

microscope

in

1932"J.

D.

WatsonF.

H.

C.CrickM.H.F.

WilkinsThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiologyor

Medicine

1962"for

their

discoveries

concerning

the

molecular

structure

of

nucleic

acidsand

its

significance

for

information

transfer

in

living

material"The

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

1984"for

theories

concerning

the

specificity

in

development

and

control

ofthe

immune

system

and

the

discovery

of

the

principle

for

production

ofmonoclonal

antibodies"Niels

K.

JerneGe es

J.F.KöhlerBasel

Institute

forImmunologyBasel,SwitzerlandCésar

MilsteBasel

Institutefor

ImmunologyBasel,SwitzerlandMRC

Laboratoryof

MolecularBiologyCambridge,United

KingdomAmerican

K.B.Mullis

inventedthe

polymerase

chain

reaction(

PCR)

method

in

1983

andwon

the

The

Nobel

Prize

inChemistry

1993The

Discovery

of

p53(Cho

et

al.,

Science

265(1994)346).Leland

H.HartwellR.

TimothyHuntSir

Paul

M.NurseThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

2001"for

their

discoveries

of

key

regulators

of

the

cell

cycle"Fred

HutchinsonCancer

ResearchCenterSeattle,WA,

USAImperial

CancerResearch

FundLondon,

UnitedKingdomImperial

CancerResearch

FundLondon,

UnitedKingdomSydneyBrennerH.

Robert

HorvitzJohn

E.

SulstonThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

2002"for

their

discoveries

concerning

'genetic

regulation

of

andevelopment

and

programmed

cell

death'"The

MolecularSciences

InstituteBerkeley,

CA,

USAMassachusettsInstitute

ofTechnology

(MIT)Cambridge,

MA,

USAThe

e

TrustSanger

InstituteCambridge,

UnitedKingdomAmerican

Peter

Agre

and

Roderick

Mackinnon

won

theNobel

Prize

in

Chemistry

2003

"for

discoveries

concerningchannels

incellmembranes"Peter

AgreRoderick

MacKinnon"for

the

discovery

of

waterchannels""for

structural

andmechanisticstudies

of

ion

channels"The

Nobel

Prize

in

Chemistry

2008"for

the

discovery

and

development

of

the

green

fluorescent

protein,

GFP"OsamuShimomuraMarine

BiologicalLaboratory

(MBL)Woods

Hole,

MA,USA;

BostonUniversityMedical

SchoolMassachusetts,MA,

USAMartin

ChalfieRoger

Y.

TsienUniversity

ofCaliforniaSan

Diego,

CA,USA;

HowardHughes

MedicalInstituteColumbiaUniversityNew

York,

NY,USAClony

Dolly

sheep

born

inRoslin

Institute,

Scottland,1997DollyJuly

5,1996

~

February

14,2003Ian

WilmutKeith

cambellStem

cellsThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

2007"for

their

discoveries

of

principles

for

introducing

specific

genemodifications

in

mice

by

the

use

of

embryonic

stem

cells"Mario

R.C

cchiUniversity

ofUtahSalt

Lake

City,UT,

USA;Howard

HughesMedical

InstituteSir

Martin

J.EvansOliverSmithiesCardiffUniversityCardiff,

UnitedKingdomUniversity

ofNorth

Carolinaat

Ch l

HillCh l

Hill,

NC,USAThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

2009"for

the

discovery

of

how

chromosomes

are

protected

byomeres and

the

enzyme

omerase"Elizabeth

H.BlackburnCarol

W.GreiderJack

W.SzostakInduced

pluripotent

stem

(ips)

cellhtt/nbt/journal/v26/n11/fig_tab/nbt1108-1246_F1.htmlOct3/4、Sox2、Klf4、c-MycThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

orMedicine

2012"for

the