微机软件实验习题与答案

-PAGE.z.微机原理软件实验实验1 两个多位十进制数相加的实验实验内容：将两个多位十进制数相加，要求加数和被加数均以ASCII码形式各自顺序存放以DATA1和DATA2为首的5个内存单元中〔低位在前〕，结果送回DATA1处。完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码STRING1DB'inputthefirstnumber:','$'STRING2DB13,10,'inputthesecondnumber:','$'STRING3DB13,10,'theoutputis:','$'DATA1DB6DUP(00H),'$'DATA2DB6DUP(00H),'$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码LEASI,DATA1LEADI,DATA2L0:LEAD*,STRING1;打印字符串STRING1MOVAH,09INT21HINPUT1:;输入第一个数MOVAH,01;输入字符至AL中INT21HCMPAL,'/'JEL1MOV[SI],ALINCSIJMPINPUT1L1:LEAD*,STRING2;打印字符串STRING2MOVAH,09INT21HINPUT2:;输入第二个数MOVAH,01;输入字符至ALINT21HCMPAL,'/'JEL2MOV[DI],ALINCDIJMPINPUT2L2:MOVSI,0CLC;清空进位标志位CFMOVC*,6PLUSE:;相加;SUBDATA1[SI],30H;SUBDATA2[SI],30H;这里不能使用这两条指令,因为如果DATA1[5]=00H,00H-30H需要借位相减，使CF=1MOVAL,DATA1[SI]ADCAL,DATA2[SI]AAA;加法调整指令，可使两个ASCII数直接相加MOVDATA1[SI],AL;和赋给DATA1[SI]INCSILOOPPLUSEL3:LEAD*,STRING3;打印字符串STRING3MOVAH,09INT21HMOVC*,6MOVSI,6SHOW:DECSICMPDATA1[SI],00HJESHOWSHOW2:MOVDL,DATA1[SI]ADDDL,30HMOVAH,02INT21HCMPSI,0JEL4DECSIJMPSHOW2L4:MOVAH,4CHINT21HCODESENDSENDSTART运行结果如下：输入为低位在前，即输入1234和99999相加实际上是4321和99999相加〔即：4321+99999=104320〕实验2 两个数相乘的实验〔无符号数相乘〕实验内容：实现十进制数的乘法。要求被乘数和乘数均以ASCII码形式各自顺序存放在内存中，乘积在屏幕上显示出来。完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码STRING1DB'theoutputis:','$'DATA1DB31H,32H,33HDATA2DB35H,36HDATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码MOVDL,10MOVAL,DATA1[0];AL=31HSUBAL,30H;AL=01HMULDL;乘10;AL=10ADDAL,DATA1[1];AL=10+32HSUBAL,30H;AL=10+32H-30H=12MULDL;AL=120ADDAL,DATA1[2];AL=120+33HSUBAL,30H;AL=120+33H-30H=123MOVBL,AL;BL=AL;MOVAL,DATA2[0];AL=35HSUBAL,30H;AL=5MULDL;乘10;AL=50ADDAL,DATA2[1];AL=50+36HSUBAL,30H;AL=50+36H-30H=56MULBL;A*=123*56=6888SUBD*,D*;D*清零MOVB*,1000DIVB*;(D*,A*)/1000,商6在A*中，余数888在D*中PUSHD*MOVDL,ALADDDL,30HMOVAH,02;打印最高位6INT21HPOPD*MOVBL,100MOVA*,D*;888赋给A*DIVBL;A*/100，商放在AL中，余数88放在AH中MOVDL,ALMOVCL,AH;！！！这里千万不能把AH直接赋给AL,因为经过INT21H指令后AL,AH会改变ADDDL,30HMOVAH,02;打印第二位INT21HMOVBL,10MOVAL,CLSUBAH,AH;清空AHDIVBL;A*/10，商放在AL中，余数8放在AH中MOVDL,ALMOVCL,AHADDDL,30HMOVAH,02;打印第三位INT21HMOVDL,CLADDDL,30HMOVAH,02;打印第四位INT21HCODESENDSENDSTART运行结果为：实验3 字符串匹配实验实验内容：编写程序实现两个字符串比拟。如果一样，则屏幕显示"match〞，否则屏幕显示〞nomatch〞，完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码PRINT1DB'inputthefirststring:','$'PRINT2DB13,10,'inputthesecondstring:','$'PRINT3DB'match','$'PRINT4DB'nomatch','$'PRINT5DB13,10,'output:','$'STRING1DB30DUP(00H),13,10,'$'STRING2DB30DUP(00H),13,10,'$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKS,ES:DATASSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码LEAD*,PRINT1;打印字符串PRINT1MOVAH,09INT21HLEASI,STRING1;STRING1地址赋给SILEADI,STRING2;STRING2地址赋给DIINPUT1:MOVAH,01;输入字符至ALINT21HCMPAL,'/';输入字符串以‘/’完毕，转L0JEL0MOV[SI],ALINCSIJMPINPUT1L0:LEAD*,PRINT2;打印字符串PRINT2MOVAH,09INT21HINPUT2:MOVAH,01;输入字符至ALINT21HCMPAL,'/'JEL1MOV[DI],ALINCDIJMPINPUT2L1:MOVC*,30;C*=30代表比拟30次MOVSI,00HCOMPARE:;字符串一个一个比拟MOVAL,STRING1[SI];取STRING1存储单位中的第SI个字符赋给ALCMPAL,STRING2[SI];AL与STRING2存储单位中的第SI个字符比拟JNENOMATCHINCSILOOPCOMPAREJMPMATCHNOMATCH:;打印output:nomatchLEAD*,PRINT5MOVAH,09INT21HLEAD*,PRINT4MOVAH,09INT21HJMPL2MATCH:;打印output:matchLEAD*,PRINT5MOVAH,09INT21HLEAD*,PRINT3MOVAH,09INT21HL2:MOVAH,4CHINT21HCODESENDSENDSTART运行结果：实验4 从键盘输入数据并显示的实验实验内容：将键盘输入的2位十六进制数转换为等值的二进制数，并在屏幕上显示。列如：键入f2,则显示11110010.完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码STRING1DB'pleaseinputastring:','$'STRING2DB13,10,'theoutputis:','$'STRING3DB13,10,'inputerror',13,10,'$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码L0:LEAD*,STRING1;打印字符串STRING1MOVAH,09INT21HMOVAH,01;输入第一个字符至AL中INT21HCMPAL,'0'JBERROR1CMPAL,'9'JBEENTER1CMPAL,'A'JBERROR1CMPAL,'F'JBEENTER1CMPAL,'a'JBERROR1CMPAL,'f'JBEENTER1ERROR1:LEAD*,STRING3;打印字符串STRING3MOVAH,09INT21HJMPL0ENTER1:CALLASC2BCD;把ASCII码转化成十进制数BCD码MOVCL,4ROLAL,CLMOVBL,AL;把高四位放到BL存放器中;输入第二个字符MOVAH,01;输入第二个字符至AL中INT21HCMPAL,'0'JBERROR1CMPAL,'9'JBEENTER2CMPAL,'A'JBERROR1CMPAL,'F'JBEENTER2CMPAL,'a'JBERROR1CMPAL,'f'JBEENTER2ENTER2:CALLASC2BCD;把ASCII码转化成十进制数BCD码ADDBL,ALLEAD*,STRING2;打印字符串STRING2MOVAH,09INT21HMOVC*,9CLC;清空标志位SHOW:;显示BL中的二进制数DECC*CMPC*,0JENE*T;输出完八位之后返回DOSROLBL,1;循环左移一位，假设溢出为1，则CF=1JCM1JMPM2M1:MOVDL,'1';假设CF=1，转至M1打印‘1’MOVAH,02INT21HJMPSHOWM2:MOVDL,'0';假设CF=0，转至M1打印‘0’MOVAH,02INT21HJMPSHOWNE*T:MOVAH,4CHINT21HASC2BCDPROCCMPAL,'9'JBEL1;假设AL≤9，转L1SUBAL,07H;假设输入的数为A~F,或者a~f,则减7，A接在39H后面，A~F=3AH~3FH,a~f=5AH~5FHL1:SUBAL,30H;减30HANDAL,0FH;滤除高位，保存低位，因为a~f恰好比A~F大20H,这样a~f就和A~F的数值一样了RETASC2BCDENDPCODESENDSENDSTART输出结果为：〔假设输出不在0~9，A~F,a~f内，则重新输入〕实验5 字符和数据计算的实验实验内容：先在屏幕上显示"inputstring,〞,输入字符串;再显示"result=〞。如为0~9的数字，则计数器加1，如为非数字，则直接显示，但不计数。完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码STRING1DB'inputstring:','$'STRING2DB13,10,'result=','$'STRING3DB13,10,'zifu:','$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码LEAD*,STRING1;打印字符串1MOVAH,09INT21HMOVC*,0MOVB*,0INPUT:MOVAH,01;输入字符至ALINT21HCMPAL,'/';输入/后转L0JEL0CMPAL,'0';下溢出转RUZHANJBRUZHANCMPAL,'9';上溢出转RUZHANJARUZHANINCCL;假设为数字则计数器+1JMPINPUTRUZHAN:;非数字字符入栈PUSHA*ADDBL,1;BL代表入栈的字符个数，方便待会输出JMPINPUTL0:LEAD*,STRING3;打印字符串3MOVAH,09INT21HCHUZHAN:POPA*MOVD*,A*MOVAH,02INT21HSUBBL,1CMPBL,0;入了多少个栈，出多少栈JNECHUZHANOUTPUT:;输出数字的个数LEAD*,STRING2;打印字符串2MOVAH,09INT21HMOVDL,CLADDDL,30HMOVAH,02INT21HMOVAH,4CHINT21HCODESENDSENDSTART输出结果为：〔这里非数字字符输出顺序与输入顺序相反〕实验6改变年月日的实验实验内容：先在屏幕上显示"whatisthedate(mm/dd/yy)""从键盘输入的月日年能把计算机的系统日期改为你键入的值。完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT S1DB0AH,0DH,"whatisthedate(mm/dd/yy)":",'$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENTSTACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*MOVD*,OFFSETS1MOVAH,09H;打印字符串"whatisthedate(mm/dd/yy)":"INT21HMOVD*,0H;D*=CH=0MOVCH,0;MOVSI,0AHKAISHI:MOVCL,0;用来压缩移位SHURU:MOVAH,01H;输入字符存入AL中INT21HMOVAH,0AH;10赋给AHCMPAL,0DH;AL=13则完毕，设置日期JEGENGGAICMPAL,'/';计算来判断是年，月，日JEZIZENGANDAL,0FHCMPCH,0;等于0则转月JEYUECMPCH,1;等于1则转日JERICMPCH,2;等于2则转年JENIANZIZENG:INCCHJMPSHURU;无条件转移至SHURUYUE:ADDDH,ALCMPCL,0JNZKAISHIINCCLMOVAL,DHMULAHMOVDH,ALJMPSHURU;无条件转移至SHURURI:ADDDL,ALCMPCL,0JNZKAISHIINCCLMOVAL,DLMULAHMOVDL,ALJMPSHURU;无条件转移至SHURUNIAN:CMPCL,0JNZ*IABUADDBL,ALMOVCL,03H;3赋给CLJMPSHURU;无条件转移至SHURU*IABU:MOVAH,0;清空AHMOVSI,B*;SI=B*SHLB*,CL;B*左移三位，乘以8SHLSI,1;SI左移一位，乘以2ADDB*,SI;两个相加，即乘以10ADDB*,A*;B*加上新输入的数字JMPSHURUGENGGAI:MOVC*,B*MOVAH,2BH;设置日期INT21HMOVAH,4CHINT21HCODESENDSENDSTART输出结果为：〔设置2008年12月3日，注意如果要设置好系统，否则可能计算机的日期改变不了〕实验7 将小写字母转换为大写字母的实验实验内容：接收键入字符〔以Ctrl-c为完毕〕，将小写字母变为大写字母，并在屏幕上显示。完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码STRING1DB13,10,'pleaseinputastring:','$'STRING2DB13,10,'theoutputstringis:','$'DATADB100DUP(00H),'$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码M:LEASI,DATALEAD*,STRING1;打印字符串1MOVAH,09INT21HINPUT:MOVAH,01;输入字符CINT21HCMPAL,03HJEOUTPUTCMPAL,'a'JBMCMPAL,'z'JAMSUBAL,20H;减20H变小写MOV[SI],ALINCSIJMPINPUTOUTPUT:LEAD*,STRING2;打印字符串2MOVAH,09INT21HLEASI,DATAL1:MOVDL,[SI]CMPDL,00HJEENDINGMOVAH,02INT21HINCSIJMPL1ENDING:MOVAH,4CHINT21HCODESENDSENDSTART运行结果为：〔如果输入的不在a~f中，则重新输入〕实验8 排序实验(0~9)实验内容：从首地址为1000H开场存放10个数，将这些数按降序排列.完整代码如下：DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码STRING1DB'pleaseinput10numbers:','$'STRING2DB13,10,'thesortednumbersare:','$'ORG1000HDATADB10DUP(00H),'$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码LEAD*,STRING1;输入提示语'pleseinput10numbers:'MOVAH,09INT21HMOVC*,10LEASI,DATAINPUT:MOVAH,01;输入字符至ALINT21HMOV[SI],AL;把AL赋给偏移地址为SI指向的单元INCSILOOPINPUTMOVBL,0L0:MOVC*,9LEASI,DATAL1:;比拟第SI个数和第SI+1个数的大小MOVAL,[SI]INCSICMPAL,[SI]JBCHANGE;假设小于则转CHANGEL2:LOOPL1;小循环〔C*自动减1〕，假设C*=0则完毕L3:INCBLCMPBL,10JBL0;假设大循环有10次了，则转OUTPUTJMPOUTPUTCHANGE:;交换两个数*CHGAL,[SI];交换，MOV[SI-1],AL;赋给SI-1JMPL2OUTPUT:LEAD*,STRING2;输入提示语'thesortednumbersare:'MOVAH,09INT21HMOVC*,10LEASI,DATAL4:;循环输出MOVDL,[SI]MOVAH,02INT21HINCSILOOPL4MOVAH,4CHINT21HCODESENDSENDSTART输出结果为：实验8 排序实验(多位数排序)实验内容：从首地址为1000H开场存放10个数，将这些数按降序排列.完整代码如下：DATASEGMENT;CHANGE函数DI,SI为入口函数，交换SI,DI的值，SI,DI值已经大变BUFFERDB100DB"DB100DUP(")DB"$"ORG1000HNEQU10STOREDATADB110DUP(30H);每个数最大为10位TEMP1DB12DUP(24H);中间变量TEMP2DB12DUP(24H);中间变量TEMP3DB12DUP(24H);中间变量DATAENDSSTACKSEGMENTPARASTACKDW60HDUP(0)STACKENDSCODESEGMENTASSUMEDS:DATA,CS:CODE,SS:STACKSTART:MOVA*,DATAMOVDS,A*;MOVA*,STACK;MOVSS,A*;可以有可以无，因为其已经默认为SS了MOVD*,OFFSETBUFFERMOVAH,0AHINT21HCALLTURNLINELEASI,BUFFERLEADI,STOREDATACALLBUFFERTOSTORECALLTURNLINELEASI,STOREDATACALLCOMPAREGO:MOVSI,OFFSETSTOREDATAMOVCL,110PRINT:MOVDL,[SI]CMPDL,30HJNEPRINT1CMPAL,1JEPRINT1;打印该有的0INCSILOOPPRINTPRINT1:CMPDL,2CHJEPRINT0JI*U:MOVAH,02HINT21HCMPDL,2CHJNEGOON5MOVAL,0JMPGOON6PRINT0:CMPAL,0JNEJI*UMOVDL,30HMOVAH,02HINT21HMOVDL,2CHJMPJI*UGOON5:MOVAL,1GOON6:INCSILOOPPRINTMOVAH,01HINT21HMOVAH,4CHINT21HCOMPAREPROC;以SI为入口传递MOVB*,SI;LEADI,TEMP2;GETLAST:;CALLTEMPSAVE;INCDL;CMPDL,N;JEGOON1;LEADI,TEMP2;JMPGETLAST;TEMP2始终指向当前最后一个数;GOON1:MOVCL,NCOMPARE1:MOVSI,B*LEADI,TEMP1CALLTEMPSAVE;TEMP1指向第一个数,错啦，为什么呢，因为那样比不会进展变化MOVSI,B*MOVDH,1LEADI,TEMP1PUSHSICOMPARE2:LODSBMOVAH,[DI]CMPAL,2CHJEEQUALCMPAL,AHJBBELOWCMPAL,AHJAABOVEINCDIJMPCOMPARE2BELOW:INCDHPOPSIPUSHSILEADI,TEMP1CALLTEMPSAVE;使TEMP1存入当前最小,因为TEMP1当前元已经存在了;不可以再转存,否则出错POPSIADDSI,NINCSIPUSHSICMPDH,CLJAGOON2LEADI,TEMP1JMPCOMPARE2EQUAL:INCDH;不交换POPSIADDSI,NINCSIPUSHSICMPDH,CLJAGOON2;比拟CL次LEADI,TEMP1JMPCOMPARE2ABOVE:;TEMP1始终指向当前最小，假设当前值大于时最小时前移;此时TEMP1不便，只需前移就好，交换前后两个数的大小INCDHPOPSIPUSHSISUBSI,NSUBSI,1MOVDI,SIPOPSIPUSHSICALLCHANGEPOPSIADDSI,NINCSIPUSHSICMPDH,CLJAGOON2;比拟CL次LEADI,TEMP1JMPCOMPARE2GOON2:LOOPCOMPARE1JMPGORETCOMPAREENDP;存储函数思路：从最后一位开场存，首位均置零，最高10位BUFFERTOSTOREPROCMOVCL,10ADDSI,2;SUBDI,3STORE:MOVAL,[SI]CMPAL,2CH;直到SI指向,(完毕一个数),再进展存储JESTORE2INCSIJMPSTORESTORE2:MOVB*,SI;存储SISTOREIN:ADDDI,N;ADDDI,3MOVD*,DI;存储DISTOREIN1:MOVAL,[SI]MOV[DI],ALDECSIDECDILEAA*,BUFFERADDA*,1;注意边界要取好,因其也有值CMPSI,A*JEJMP1MOVAL,[SI]CMPAL,2CHJEJMP1JMPSTOREIN1;条件控制循环JMP1:MOVSI,B*INCSI;进展存储下个数INCD*;使DI加1因为前几位已经用了MOVDI,D*LOOPSTORE;MOVAL,"$";INCDI;MOV[DI],ALRETBUFFERTOSTOREENDPCHANGEPROCPUSHDIPUSHSILEADI,TEMP3CALLTEMPSAVE;TEMP3存放SI当前值POPDI;往SI存入值POPSIPUSHSICALLTEMPSAVE;******把DI的值存入SI中POPDILEASI,TEMP3CALLTEMPSAVE;*******把SI的值存入DI中RETCHANGEENDPTEMPSAVEPROC;存储中间变量的函数，以DI,SI,为入口,以,标志位完毕STEMP:LODSBMOV[DI],ALINCDICMPAL,2CHJENE*TJMPSTEMPNE*T:RETTEMPSAVEENDPTURNLINEPROCMOVDL,0AHMOVAH,02HINT21HRETTURNLINEENDPCODEENDSENDSTART输出结果为：实验9 设置光标的实验实验内容：设置光标，起始位置为第5行第6列，完毕位置为第8行第6列。完整代码如下:DATASSEGMENT;此处输入数据段代码DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKSSTART:MOVA*,DATASMOVDS,A*;此处输入代码段代码MOVAH,08;输入无回显INT21HMOVDH,5;设置行MOVDL,6;设置列MOVBH,0;设置页MOVAH,02INT10HMOVAH,08;输入无回显INT21HMOVDH,8;设置行MOVDL,6;设置列MOVBH,0;设置页MOVAH,02INT10HMOVAH,08;输入无回显INT21HMOVAH,4CHINT21HCODESENDSENDSTART输出结果为：〔任意输入一个字符，光标跳到5行6列，再任意输入一个字符，光标跳到8行6列〕这里光标截图后是看不到的，所以就不截图了实验10 计算N!的实验实验内容：在键盘输入数字，结果显示在屏幕上。DATASSEGMENT;段定义〔构造〕;此处输入数据段代码P1DB'inputthenumber(0-6):','$'p2DB13,10,'theresultis:','$'DATASENDSSTACKSSEGMENT;此处输入堆栈段代码ST1DW40HDUP(0)STACKSENDSCODESSEGMENTASSUMECS:CODES,DS:DATAS,SS:STACKS;段分配〔构造〕START:MOVA*,DATAS;设置段地址〔构造〕MOVDS,A*MOVA*,STACKSMOVSS,A*;此处输入代码段代码LEAD*,P1;显示提示字符串'inputthenumber:'MOVAH,09INT21HMOVAH,01;键入N到A