2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit4SpaceExploration单元主题训练新人教版必修第三册

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！UNIT4单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022·佛山二模)Thefutureofspaceexplorationmaydependonanartformfromthepast:origami(折纸艺术),theancientartofpaperfolding.ResearchersfromWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU),US,haveusedorigamitopossiblysolvetheproblemofstoringandmovingfueltorocketengines,akeychallengeinspacetravel,accordingtoNewswise.They'vedevelopedafoldableplasticfuel“bladder(囊状物)”resistanttosupercoldtemperatures,whichcouldbeusedtostoreandpumpfuelinspacecraftsofthefuture.TheirfindingshaverecentlybeenpublishedinthejournalCryogenics.“Folkshavebeentryingtomakebagsforrocketfuelforalongtime，”saidJakeLeachman,oneoftheleadresearchers.“Wecurrentlydon'tdolarge,long-durationtripsbecausewecan'tstorefuellongenoughinspace.”Meanwhile,NASAisalsolookingtopaperfoldingtohelpobservedistantplanets.TheagencyiscurrentlydevelopingStarshade,afoldable,sunflower-shapedpieceofhardwarethatwouldhelpblockstarlightandenabletelescopestoviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.“Ahugepartofmyjobislookingatsomethingonpaperandasking,‘Canweflythis？’”MananArya,atechnologistinCalifornia,said.“OnceIrealizedthisishowyoufoldspacecraftstructures,Ibecameinterestedinorigami.IrealizedIwasgoodatitandenjoyedit.Now,Ifoldconstantly.”Usingorigamiforspacepurposesisn'tnew,however.Solararrays(太阳能阵列),experimentalwingsforspaceshuttleprogramsandaninflatable(可充气的)satellitewerealsoinspiredbyorigamiinbothpastandpresentspaceprojects.“Withmostorigami,themagiccomesfromthefolding，”RobertSalazar,whohelpeddesigntheStarshadeandnowworksontheTransformersproject,saidinastatement.“Therearesomanypatternstostillbeexplored.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。1．Whichcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．Foldingintospace.B．Theartofpaperfolding.C．Spaceexploration.D．Theorigami-inspiredprojects.解析：选A标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“Thefutureof...,theancientartofpaperfolding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。2．Howcouldthe“bladder”helpinfuturemissions?A．Toprotectspacecraftsfromextremeweather.B．Tobeusedtostoreandsupplyfuelinspacecrafts.C．Tohelprocketenginescutenergyconsumption.D．Tobeusedtoimproveenergyefficiency.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中“They'vedeveloped...inspacecraftsofthefuture.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。3．WhatcanweknowaboutNASA'sStarshade?A．Itcanbeusedtogettelescopesclosertostars.B．Itcanenlargetheviewoftelescopesinspace.C．Itcanabsorbastar'slightbeforeitenterstelescopes.D．Itcanhelptelescopesgetclearerpicturesofobjectsinspace.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theagencyis...toviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。4．Whichsectionisthistextfrom?A．Atraveljournal. B．Adigest.C．Asciencereport. D．Anadvertisement.解析：选C推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。B(2022·南京模拟)Starman,thedummy(人体模型)ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadster(特斯拉跑车)throughspace,hasmadeitsclosestapproachevertoMars.TheelectricroadsteranditspassengerwereattachedtothetopofaFalconHeavyrocketduringtheSpaceXrocket'sfirsttestlaunchon6February,2018.Twoyearslater,theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstiparemakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.MrMcDowell,aHarvardastrophysicist,foundthatStarmanwouldbe7.4millionkilometresawayfromMarson7October,2020.TheclosestrecentdistancebetweentheEarthandMarswasabout56millionkilometresin2003,thoughtheplanetsareoftenhundredsofmillionsofmilesapartdependingonwheretheyareintheirorbits.NoonecanseetheFalconHeavyrocketatitscurrentdistance,butorbitsoverperiodsofafewyearsarefairlystraightforwardtopredict,andMrMcDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth'sgravitybehindtolocateitsrecentmovementsexactly.LasttimeStarmancircledtheSun,McDowellsaid,itcrossedMars'orbitwhiletheRedPlanetwasquitefaraway.Butthistimethecrossingwouldbecompletedwithinafairlyclosedistance,thoughstillnotcloseenoughtofeelastrongtugfromMars.Atthispointintime,ifyouwereabletogolookattheRoadster,itwouldprobablylookprettydifferent.Thestrongsolarradiationenvironmentbetweentheplanetswouldprobablyhavedestroyedalltheexposedorganicmaterials.WithouttheEarth'satmosphericandmagnetic(磁场的)protection,eventheplasticsandcarbon-fibrematerialswouldstarttobreakup.Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies,thecarwillendupwithitsaluminium(铝)frameandhardglassparts—that'sassumingthatnoneofthemgetdestroyedinimpactswithpassingspacerocks.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了安装在SpaceX猎鹰重型火箭上的特斯拉跑车和人体模型Starman进行第二次绕太阳飞行，此次飞行已经相当接近火星。5．Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．StarmanisnowcirclingaroundtheEarthinitsorbit.B．StarmanhassetoutonitssecondtriparoundtheSun.C．Starmanhastravelled7.4millionkilometresafterlaunch.D．StarmanstillhasalongwaytogobeforegettingtoMars.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Starman,thedummy(人体模型)ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadster(特斯拉跑车)throughspace,hasmadeitsclosestapproachevertoMars”和第二段中的“theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstiparemakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun”可以推断，Starman已经开始了它的第二次绕太阳飞行。6．HowdidMcDowellmanagetolocateStarman?A．BykeepingStarmanundervisualobservation.B．BypredictingitsfutureorbitaroundtheEarth.C．ByseekingprofessionalhelpfromSpaceX.D．Byanalyzingdataabouttherocket'smovement.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，麦克道尔先生通过分析火箭运行的数据成功定位Starman。7．Theunderlinedword“tug”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto________.A．pull B．driveC．resistance D．pressure解析：选A词义猜测题。根据上文中的“thistimethecrossingwouldbecompletedwithinafairlyclosedistance,thoughstillnotcloseenough”可知，尽管这一次Starman穿越火星轨道时，离火星相当近，然而仍旧不够，据此可以推断，这次环绕太阳的飞行仍旧感觉不到来自火星的引力，故A项与画线词tug的意思最为接近。8．WhatwillhappentoStarmanindecadesorcenturies?A．ItiscirclingaroundMarsandwillfinallycrashontoit.B．ItwillfinishitsmissionandreturntoSpaceXontheEarth.C．Starmanislikelyreducedtoatmostitsframeandglass.D．SpaceXwilltrytorecoveritduringitsnextspacemission.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，几十年或几百年以后，Starman很可能只剩下框架和玻璃。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2022·泸州诊断)TheCassini-Huygensspaceprobe,whichreachedSaturnlastweek,hassentbackamazingphotographsoftheplanet'sfamousringsviewedinultravioletlight.__9__Thedifferentcoloursshowexactlywhattheringsare.Theredmeanstheringcontainstinypiecesofrockandtheblueandgreenislikelytobeamixtureofwaterandfrozengases.__10__That'swhyitissolightanditcouldfloatonwater—ifabigenoughoceancouldbefound!__11__Itaimstoexploretheplanetanditsringsandmoons.Itwaslaunchedin1997anditsmissionwastoexplorethe“gasgiant”planet,whichisthefurthestplanettobeseenfromtheEarthwithoutatelescope.Scientistssaythespacecraft'sfour-yeartourofSaturnmaytellthemhowtheringsareformed.__12__TheprobehassentbackpicturesofsomeofSaturn'smoons,includingPhoebeandTitan.Phoebehasastrangeshape.___13__Saturn'sbiggestmoon,Titan,isbelievedtobetheonlybodyinthesolarsystemotherthantheEarthwithliquidonthesurface.TheimagesofPhoebeandTitanlookstrangelylikephotosoftheEarthandourownmoon,takendecadesagobytheearliestspacemissions.A．Saturnitselfismadeofgases.B．Thepicturesarehardtotakeinspace.C．Theprobeisaninternationalspaceproject.D．Theywilldiscovermoresecretsaboutthespacecraft.E．Thepicturesshowtheminshadesofblue,greenandred.F．Itwillalsostudytheplanet'satmosphereandmagneticfield.G．Unlikeotherplanetsandtheirmoons,itisnotperfectlyround.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Cassini-Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。9．选E根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中Thepictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。10．选A根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。11．选C根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中Theprobe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。12．选F根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中thespacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。13．选G根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空InSeptember2016,sixpeoplecameoutfromasmallsolar-poweredbuildingonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.Theywere__14__ofasimulated(模拟的)missiontoMars,andtheyhadbeenlivinginthebuildingfornearlyoneyear,__15__fromtherestoftheworld.ThismissiontoMarswaspartofanongoing__16__toseehowpeoplewoulddealwiththechallengesoflivingonanotherplanet.Basedonthe__17__oftheexperimentsofar,herearefourabilitiesyouwouldneedto__18__onMars.ThefirstisResourcefulness(足智多谋)．Whenthewatersystembroke,thegrouphadtwo__19__.Theycouldfigureouthowtofixitortheycould__20__monthsforsuppliestobedeliveredfrom“Earth”—bywhichpointtheywouldbedead.Sothey__21__itthemselves.ThesecondisImagination.Thegroupmembershavesaidboredomwasamajor__22__.OnMars,youwouldn'thaveNetflixorXbox,soyou'dhaveto__23__otherformsofentertainment.ThethirdisTolerance.Thebuildingisonlyaquarterofthesizeofabasketballcourt.Ifyou're__24__annoyedbypeople,lifeonMarsmightnotbeforyou.Whethereating,working,exercising,orrelaxing,youwouldhardlybe__25__.ThelastisIndependence.Duringamission,thereisnoreal-time__26__betweenthegroupandanyoneon“Earth.”Theyhaveemail,__27__messagesareona20-minutedelay,simulatinghowlongitwouldtakemessagesto__28__betweenEarthandMars.SoyouwouldberemovedfromthelivesofyourlovedonesbackonEarth.语篇解读：本文是说明文。六名成员经过长达近一年与世隔绝的“火星生活”体验，总结了人类移居火星前应该必备的四种能力。14．A.captains B．directorsC．astronauts D．members解析：选D由上文中的“sixpeoplecameoutfromasmallsolar-poweredbuildingonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii”和下文中的“Thegroupmembers”可知，这六个人是一项模拟火星任务的成员。15．A.pulled B．cutoffC．protected D．keptfree解析：选B由最后一段提到的“youwouldberemovedfromthelivesofyourlovedonesbackonEarth”可知，六名成员是在与世隔绝的状态下参与此次模拟火星任务。cutoff(切断)符合语境。16．A.explanation B．holidayC．experiment D．game解析：选C由上文中的“asimulated(模拟的)missiontoMars”和下文中的“theexperimentsofar”可知，这项模拟任务是一项正在进行的“实验(experiment)”的一部分。17．A.wishes B．originsC．results D．requirements解析：选C由上文中的“sixpeoplecameout”可知，该模拟体验火星生活的实验已经结束；再由该空所在句可知，下文中提及人类移居火星前应该必备的四种能力是基于实验“结果(results)”而得出的结论。18．A.survive B．copyC．argue D．refuse解析：选A由上文中的“howpeoplewoulddealwiththechallengesoflivingonanotherplanet”可知，下文提到的足智多谋、想象力、容忍度、自立都是人类在火星上“生存(survive)”所必备的能力。19．A.tasks B．choicesC．dreams D．conditions解析：选B由下文可知是参与模拟实验的小组成员面临的两种“选择(choices)”。20．A.spread B．waitC．prepare D．leave解析：选B由常识可知，从地球运送物资到火星需要很长时间；再由本空后的“bywhichpointtheywouldbedead”可知，当供水系统出现故障时，他们可以选择等待来自“地球”的援助，但那时他们可能早就死了。21．A.planted B．wateredC．called D．fixed解析：选D由上文可知，为了避免等待时间过长，这些参与者选择自己维修供水系统。22．A.desire B．habitC．ability D．challenge解析：选D由下文中的“youwouldn'thaveNetflixorXbox”可知，无聊是此次模拟实验中参与者遇到的主要困难。23．A.limit B．findC．forget D．leap解析：选B由本段总结的能力Imagination可知，他们需要发挥想象力，“找到(find)”其他形式的娱乐活动。24．A.easily B．hardlyC．secretly D．suddenly解析：选A由本段所说的“容忍”是人类在火星生活必备的能力之一和下文中的“lifeonMarsmightnotbeforyou”可知，此处是说如果你“容易地(easily)”被别人激怒，那么火星生活就不适合你。25．A.alone B．politeC．successful D．normal解析：选A由上文中的“Thebuildingisonlyaquarterofthesizeofabasketballcourt”可知，此次模拟实验的房屋并不大，因此与世隔绝的六个人生活在同一屋檐下，基本没有“独处(alone)”的时候。26．A.meeting B．systemC．teaching D．communication解析：选D由下文中的“messagesareona20-minutedelay”可知，在此次模拟实验中，参与者与“地球”上的人类没有实时的“通信(communication)”。27．A.so B．butC．if D．unless解析：选B“有邮件来往”与“信息延迟20分钟”之间是转折关系，故选but。28．A.escape B．walkC．travel D．change解析：选C本空所在部分是对a20-minutedelay的解释，说明20分钟的信息延迟是为了模拟信息在地球和火星之间传输所需的时间。Ⅳ.语法填空The500-metreApertureSphericalRadioTelescope,alsoknownasChina'sTianyanor“SkyEye”，has__1__(official)openedtoglobalscientistssinceMarch,2021.Asweknow,radiotelescopes__2__(design)to“listen”or“receive”signalsemittedfromtheuniverse.Withspecializedantennas(天线)andradioreceivers,thesetelescopescandetectradiowavesfromstars,galaxiesandblackholes.Thedatacollectedinturnhelpscientists__3__(good)exploretheuniverse.Itwillalsobeusedoccasionallytosearchforalienlife.Thegiantradiotelescopewillalsohelpfindmorepulsars(脉冲星),whichsendoutsteadysignalsandwavesinaregularrhythm.Scientistsusepulsars__4__(study)theextremestatesofmatter,measurecosmic(宇宙的)distancesandtracktimeinanultra-precise(超精密)way.Sofar,it__5__(discover)morethan240pulsars.__6__(locate)insouthwestChina'sGuizhouProvince，__7__largestsingle-dishradiotelescopeoftheworldwascompletedin2016.Itwasputtouse__8__January11,2020.FASTisnowtheonly“SkyEye”__9__humanscanusetoobservecosmicwaves.Ithasimmensepotentialtodetectfastradioburstsandgravitationalwaves,__10__(provide)datasupportforresearchintothephysicalprocessoftheBigBang,accordingtoexpertsattheNAO.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“天眼”望远镜已经投入使用和其工作原理，它为研究大爆炸的物理过程提供了数据支持。1．officially考查副词。使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。2．aredesigned考查时态和语态。该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语radiotelescopes(复数意义)和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。3．better考查比较级。科学家这样做的目的是为了研究宇宙，那么通过收