考研考博-英语-佛山科学技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-佛山科学技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theideawasapowerfulvariableinexplainingwhysomecountriesfaredfarbetterthanothers:topromoteincomegrowthovermanyyears,heavyinvestmentinschoolingwasnecessary.Andithelpedexplaintheshrinkageoffamiliesinwealthycountries:ifincreasingvalueisplacedonhumancapital,parentsmustinvestmoreineachchild,makinglargefamiliescostly.ManycriticsbristledatBecker’smarket-drivenlogic,whichseemedtoreducepeopletocold,calculatingmachine.

2.Whichisit?Thehomeoffreespeech,theruleoflawandtherichworld’smostdynamiceconomy?Oralandofsocialdecay,septicpoliticsandtherichworld’sworstroadsandschools?Americadividesforeignobserves.Itdividesforeignfirms,too.Somebossesfallheadoverheelsforitsinsatiableconsumersanddazzlingtechnology.Otherexecutivesareputoffbyitsinsufferablelawyersandhypocriticalprotectionism.DonaldTrumppromisestogiveforeignfirmsarudeawakeningwhenhereachestheWhiteHouse:lastmonthhebeatupToyotaformakingcarsinMexicoandsellingthemnorthoftheborder.ButintruthmanyforeignfirmsfelloutoflovewithAmericayearsago.

【答案】1.在解释为何一些国家比其他国家过得好得多时，这个观点是一个强有力的变量：对教育进行大量的投资是有必要的，为了促进多年来的收入增长。而且该观点也有助于解释富裕国家里的家庭规模缩小的原因：如果人力资本的价值不断増加，那么父母就必须要为在每个孩子身上投入更多，而这会使得大家庭的成本更大。许多批评者对贝克尔的市场驱动逻辑感到愤怒，该逻辑似乎让人变得冷漠、精于计算。

2.美国属于哪一种呢？是言论自由、法治之地、富裕世界中最具活力的经济体？还是社会堕落、政治腐败、道路和学校状况都是发达国家中最糟糕的国家？外国观察家对美国的情况看法不一。外国公司也同样如此。一些老板为其无法满足的消费者和眼花缭乱的技术而神魂颠倒。其他高管则对其令人难以忍受的律师和虚伪的保护主义而感到厌恶。唐纳德•特朗普承诺当他入主白宫后，会让外国公司如梦初醒：上个月，他严厉谴责了丰田在墨西哥生产汽车并向美国北部销售的行为。但事实上，许多外国公司在多年前就失去了对美国的兴趣了。

2.单选题

AsistheChinesecook’scustom,mymotheralwaysmade（）remarksaboutherowncooking.

问题1选项

A.optional

B.plural

C.negative

D.slender

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。optional“可选的”；plural“复数的，多样的”；negative“消极的，否定的”；slender“细长的，苗条的”。句意：就像许多中国厨师一样，我母亲经常对自己的厨艺予以否定评价。能修饰remarks的只有C项。

3.单选题

Silver______easilyandturnsblackifnotpolishedregularly.

问题1选项

A.snookers

B.stews

C.tarnishes

D.douse

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.snookers阻挠B.stews炖；焦虑

C.tarnishes失去光泽，变暗淡D.douse浇灭，熄；沉浸

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由后半句的句意“银器如果不定期擦拭就会变黑”可知，银器很容易失去光泽，C项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。

【句意】银器很容易失去光泽，如果不定期擦拭就会变黑。

4.单选题

Onestudentafteranother______uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.

问题1选项

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.tostand

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词形式。以“one...afteranother”做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。句意：学生一个接一个地站起来回答老师的问题。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Theexperimentsoftenscientistswere（）inthereport.

问题1选项

A.embodied

B.submerged

C.intensified

D.replied

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项embodied“呈现；体现”；B选项submerged“淹没；沉浸”；C选项intensified“加剧；加强”；D选项replied“回答；回复”。句意：十位科学家的实验都……在这份报告中。主语是experimentsoftenscientists“十位科学家的实验”，句中缺少谓语动词，由inthereport“在这份报告中”可知，这一份报告囊括了十位科学家的实验，也即是说这份报告呈现了十位科学家的实验。因此A选项符合题意。

6.翻译题

Translatethe.followingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

本世纪初，小麦简直就是加拿大西部的命脉。小麦收成好，经济则繁荣；小麦歉收，经济则萧条。城市中大街小巷的人们都在关注着小麦的收成和价格，这种心情就好像他们就是种植者一样。小麦的市场行情成了人们的热门话题。

战争使西部粮食市场发生了许多戏剧性的变化。多年以来，农民们不信任在粮食交易所从事的粮食投机买卖。秋季的麦价一般都较低，但是农民们等不到市场好转。他们常常在小麦一收割后就卖掉，过后则眼睁睁看着小麦涨价，投机者从中发财。在各种时机，农民团体曾多次要求政府对市场严加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到战争期间，麦价有失控的危险时，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通货膨胀和生活费用上涨，联邦政府设立了一个粮食监督委员会来处理从1917年至1918年的粮食收缴工作。

【答案】Atthebeginningofthiscentury,wheatwasthelifelineofWestofCanada.Theeconomywouldprosperiftherewasagoodharvest,otherwisetheeconomywouldbedepressed.Peopleinurbanareasallpaidattentiontotheharvestandpriceofwheat,asiftheyweretheplanters.Andthemarketconditionofwheatbecameahottopic.

Warhasbroughtaboutnumerousdramaticchangesinwesterngrainmarket.Formanyyears,farmershaveneverbeentrustinggrainspeculationactivities.Generally,thepricewasrelativelylowinfall,however,theycouldnotwaitthehighprice.Theywouldsellwheatonceharvested,andcouldonlyseespeculatorsgaingreatbenefitfromtheincreasingofwheatprice.Duringvariousperiodsoftime,farmergroupshadrequiredthegovernmentstocarryoutstrictcontroluponthegrainmarket,butthegovernmentwouldn’twillingtointerveneuntilthepricewaslostcontrolduringthewar.Asitbecameurgenttocontrolinflationandlivingexpenses,theFederalgovernmentsetuptheGrainOversightCommitteetodealwiththebuyingandsellingofgrainduring1917to1918.

7.不定项选择题

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

问题2选项

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

问题3选项

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

问题4选项

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

问题5选项

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节推断题。根据题干中的STM可以将答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本题问记忆是如何进入短时记忆中的。第一段第四句提到，“进入短时记忆的信息是通过感觉储存区域传递到那里的。”并在下文解释说，“大脑有一个过滤机制，只允许当下有用的刺激通过，传递到短时记忆中。”由此可见，选项B“它们从感觉储存区域被过滤”是正确答案。其他三项文中均未提及。

第2题:细节题。题干说科学家认为普通人如何在短时间内记住更多的信息？通过题干我们可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是讲如何记住更多的信息，我们再看到第二段的最后一句，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”这里提示了我们答案为A，也就是重新组织我们需要记忆的东西可以帮助我们提升短时间的记忆容量。

第3题:作者意图题。问题是：作者写“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我们可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者说这种类型的记忆一旦被打断就会被忘掉，之后举例给了一个情景来描述这个现象，他说当一个人在想通过重复读来记下一个电话号码时，如果被门铃或狗叫打断，那么他就会忘记那个他一直通过重复朗读而记下来的号码；那么这里的“dogbark”就是一种打断的方式，因此B正确。

第4题:事实细节题。根据题干的关键词我们定位到最后一段，A项就是上文讲的重点，因此保留；B项不对，这个方法确实是方法之一，但是文章并没有说它是最有效的；C项与原文正好相反；D项为无关项，因此答案为A。

第5题:细节推断题。问选项正确与否，我们需要四个选项都看。A项，死记硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因为一旦被打断就无法记住，因此A错误；B项是无关项，全文都没有提过要写下来信息，因此B错误；C项是正确的，最后一段的倒数第二句是提示点；D项错误，文章只是说多选题可以考查的信息比较多，但是并没有说它是最难的，没有论据支持，错误，答案为C。

8.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在苏格兰，和英国其他地方一样，义务教育从5岁开始，到16岁结束。

考查形容词辨析。compelling引人注目的，强制的；forced被迫的;obliged必须的；compulsory义务的。这里想表达“义务教育”，故选D。

9.单选题

Wecanhardlyavoidmakinganymistakesinourwork____hardwetry.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.how

C.nomatter

D.however

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。此句为让步状语从句，根据后面的副词hard可以判断，答案只能从B和D选择，D项however=nomatterhow，根据句意：无论我们多么努力，在工作中都会不可避免地犯错误，因此D更合适。

10.单选题

Diggingthefoundationisthefirst（

）ofourbuildingproject.

问题1选项

A.procession

B.solution

C.phase

D.achievement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。procession“行列；游行”；solution“解决”；phase“阶段”；achievement“成就；成绩”。句意：我们工程的第一个阶段是挖地基。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Hetoldanyonewhowouldlistenhowhisbrilliantdaughterhadbeenacceptedbythemost（

）universitiesinthecity.

问题1选项

A.precious

B.prescriptive

C.prestigious

D.presumptuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:他告诉所有愿意听他聪明的女儿己经被最有名的大学录取。

Precious珍贵的。prescriptive规定的，规范的；指定的。prestigious有名望的；享有声望的presumptuous专横的；放肆的；冒昧的。

12.单选题

Distrustingwomen,heremaineda（

）allhislife.

问题1选项

A.marshal

B.bandit

C.bachelor

D.burglar

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。marshal意为“元帅”；bandit意为“土匪，强盗”；bachelor意为“未婚男子，单身汉，学士”；burglar意为“窃贼”。

句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一辈子单身汉。

13.单选题

Whentherentwasdue,thepoorman（

）formoretime.

问题1选项

A.pleaded

B.squashed

C.exerted

D.cursed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:当房租到期时,这个可怜的人恳求多给些时间。pleadfor意为请求,符合句意,选项A正确。

14.单选题

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

Foreachofthefollowingquestionsorunfinishedstatements,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

1.Researchcompletedin1982foundthatintheUnitedStatessoilerosion（）.

2.Bythemid-1980s,farmersinDenmark（）.

3.WhichoneofthefollowingincreasedinNewZealandafter1984?

4.Thewriterreferstosomerichcountriesasbeing“lessenlightenedthanNewZealand”because（）.

5.ThewriterbelievethattheUruguayRoundagreementsontradewill（）.

问题1选项

A.educedtheproductivityoffarmlandby20percent

B.wasalmostassevereasinIndiaandChina

C.wascausingsignificantdamageto20percentoffarmland

D.couldbereducedbyconvertingcultivatedlandtomeadoworforest

问题2选项

A.used50percentlessfertilizerthanDutchfarmers

B.usedtwiceasmuchfertilizerastheyhadin1960

C.appliedfertilizermuchmorefrequentlythanin1960

D.morethandoubledtheamountofpesticidetheyusedinjust3years

问题3选项

A.farmincomes

B.useoffertilizer

C.over-stocking

D.farmdiversification

问题4选项

A.theydisapproveofpayingfarmersfornotcultivatingtheland

B.theirnewfuelcropsareasharmfulastheonestheyhavereplaced

C.theirpoliciesdonotrecognizethelong-termbenefitofendingsubsidies

D.theyhavenotencouragedtheirfarmerstofollowenvironmentallyfriendlypractices

问题5选项

A.encouragemoresustainablefarmingpracticesinthelongrun

B.domoreharmthangoodtotheinternationalenvironment

C.increasepressuretocultivatelandintherichcountries

D.bemorebeneficialtorichthantopoorcountries

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据SectionC，“TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.”，1982年的调查发现，美国大约五分之一的农田表层土壤正在流失，可能会降低土壤的生产力。可判断出1982的调查发现美国的土壤侵蚀对五分之一（20%）农田造成了破坏。选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据SectionD,“FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark”，在1960年至1985年期间，丹麦化肥使用量翻了一番，荷兰化肥使用量增加了150%。杀虫剂的使用量也增加了：1975年至1984年，丹麦的杀虫剂使用量增加了69%。可判断出20世纪80年代中期，丹麦的农民对化肥的使用量增加了。选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据SectionD,“thatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984…Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.”，新西兰在1984年取消了大部分农业补贴，取消补贴控制了土地的过度开荒和过度放牧，这在过去是土壤侵蚀的主要原因。农场开始多样化。可判断出新西兰在1984年后，农业开始呈现多样化的特点。选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据SectionD部分第三段，“Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.”，在不那么开明的国家和欧盟，趋势是减少而不是取消补贴，并引入新的补贴，以鼓励农民以更环保的方式对待他们的土地，或者让土地休耕。可推断出在一些不那么开明的国家并没有取消农业补贴，只是减少了补贴。根据下文，“Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.”，农民种植的农作物残余生产出来的能源很少能与化石燃料竞争，除非得到补贴，而且种植这些农作物对环境的危害不亚于其他作物。可判断出减少补贴而不取消补贴并不能带来收益和好处，这些国家没有看到取消补贴的长期好处。选项C符合题意。

5.作者观点态度。根据SectionF,“Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.”，它也会产生许多令人满意的环境影响。可判断出表述“domoreharmthangoodtotheinternationalenvironment”对国际环境弊大于利是错误的，选项B可排除。根据下文，“Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.”，发达国家的农业生产密度应该会下降，肥料的使用也会减少。可判断出表述“increasepressuretocultivatelandintherichcountries”增加富裕国家土地耕作的压力是错误的。选项C可排除。而文章并没有将乌拉圭回合协议对富裕国家和贫穷国家的影响进行对比，表述“bemorebeneficialtorichthantopoorcountries”对富国比对穷国更有利是错误的。选项D可排除。运用排除法，可判断出选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe______tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

问题1选项

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.contemplated考虑，思量B.deemed认为，视为

C.acknowledged承认（属实）D.anticipated预料，预期

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“凡在本月底前未缴纳报名费者将被______退出该课程”可知，bedeemedto（被认为，被视为）符合句意，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】凡在本月底前未缴纳报名费者将被视为退出该课程。

16.单选题

Theenergy（）bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.released

C.conveyed

D.delivered

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。Transfer转让,转移;release释放;convey传达,运输;deliver递送,释放。句意:链式反应的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。

17.单选题

Theyturned（）attheparty,despitetheawfulweather.

问题1选项

A.round

B.in

C.back

D.up

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项turnround“转身，转向”；B选项turnin“交上；归还”；C选项turnback“往回走；阻挡”；D选项turnup“出现；发生”。句意：尽管天气很糟糕，他们在聚会上还是……。根据句意可推测，他们还是出现了，因此选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Twothirdsofthebooks______soldoutbutonly10percentoftheincome______tome.

问题1选项

A.was;were

B.was;was

C.were;was

D.were;were

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.was;were是（单数）；是（复数）B.was;was是（单数）；是（单数）

C.were;was是（复数）；是（单数）D.were;were是（复数）；是（复数）

【考查点】主谓一致。

【解题思路】第一个空格的主语是Twothirdsofthebooks（三分之二的书籍），book是可数名词且用的是复数形式，所以第一个空格要填入were；第二个空格的主语是10percentoftheincome（百分之十的收入），income是不可数名词，所以第二个空格填入was，该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合主谓一致原则。

【句意】三分之二的书卖完了，但只有10%的收入归我所有。

19.单选题

Aninternationaltreatysignedseveralyearsago（

）tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies.

问题1选项

A.bans

B.eliminates

C.promotes

D.protects

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。ban意为“明令禁止，取缔”；eliminate意为“排除，取消”；promote意为“促进，推进”；protect意为“保护，保卫”。由主语aninternationaltreaty（国际条约）和宾语tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies（濒危动植物的贸易）可知谓语动词用ban符合逻辑。

句意：几年前签署的一项国际条约禁止濒危动植物贸易。

20.单选题

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybe