高考化学方程式汇总

高中化学方程式汇总一、碱金属一、碱金属NaNaNaOHNaClNa2ONa2O2Na2CO3NaHCO3=1\*GB3①=2\*GB3②=3\*GB3③=4\*GB3④=5\*GB3⑤=6\*GB3⑥=7\*GB3⑦=8\*GB3⑧=9\*GB3⑨=10\*GB3⑩eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,1)4Na+O2=2Na2O(常温)eq\o\ac(○,2)Na2O+H2O=2NaOHeq\o\ac(○,3)2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑ eq\o\ac(○,4)2Na+O2Na2O2(淡黄色固体)eq\o\ac(○,5)2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑ eq\o\ac(○,6)2Na+Cl22NaCleq\o\ac(○,7)2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2↑eq\o\ac(○,8)2NaCl+2H2O2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑（电解饱和食盐水）eq\o\ac(○,9)NaOH+CO2=NaHCO3eq\o\ac(○,10)2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,11)Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOHeq\o\ac(○,12)2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑；NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,13)Na2CO3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO3；Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCleq\o\ac(○,14)Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑eq\o\ac(○,15)NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2↑注意：Na2O2+Na2SO3+H2O=2NaOH+Na2SO4（08年）2NaCl（熔化）2Na+Cl2↑（06年）NaOH+H2S=NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S=Na2S+2H2O（05年）NH3+CO2+NaCl+H2O=NaHCO3+NH4Cl↓（05年、联合制碱法）4Li+O22Li2O2Na+2H2O+CuSO4=Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑6Na+6H2O+2FeCl3=6NaCl+2Fe(OH)3↓+3H2↑3Na2O2+6FeCl2+6H2O=6NaCl+2FeCl3+4Fe(OH)3↓Na2O2+H2S=S↓+2NaOHNa2O2+SO2=Na2SO42Na+S=Na2SCl2Cl2NaClOHClNH4ClO2HClOCa(ClO)2NaClAgClPCl3PCl5CuCl2FeCl3FeCl2=1\*GB3①eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,23)eq\o\ac(○,24)eq\o\ac(○,25)eq\o\ac(○,26)eq\o\ac(○,18)二、卤素eq\o\ac(○,1)Cl2+H22HCl=2\*GB3②4HCl(浓)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O（氯气的实验室制法）eq\o\ac(○,3)Cl2+2Na2NaCleq\o\ac(○,4)2NaCl2Na+Cl2↑eq\o\ac(○,5)Cl2+2NaOH=NaClO+NaCl+H2O（氯气的尾气处理）=6\*GB3⑥NaClO+2HCl(浓)=Cl2↑+NaCl+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,7)NaClO+H2OHClO+NaOHeq\o\ac(○,9)Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClOeq\o\ac(○,10)2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+H2O（漂白粉的工业制取）eq\o\ac(○,11)Ca(ClO)2+H2O+CO2=CaCO3↓+2HClOeq\o\ac(○,12)2HClO2HCl+O2↑eq\o\ac(○,13)HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,14)2NaCl+H2SO4(浓)Na2SO4+2HCl↑（HCl的实验室制法）eq\o\ac(○,15)NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+NaNO3eq\o\ac(○,16)HCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+HNO3eq\o\ac(○,17)HCl+NH3=NH4Cl(白烟)eq\o\ac(○,18)Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2↑eq\o\ac(○,19)2Fe+3Cl22FeCl3（棕色的烟、黄色溶液）eq\o\ac(○,20)Cu+Cl2CuCl2（棕黄色的烟、蓝绿色溶液）eq\o\ac(○,21)2P+5Cl22PCl5eq\o\ac(○,22)2P+3Cl22PCl3eq\o\ac(○,23)PCl3+Cl2=PCl5注意：2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2NaI=2NaCl+I2Br2+2NaI=2NaBr+I2NaBr+AgNO3=AgBr↓(浅黄色)+NaNO3NaI+AgNO3=AgI↓(黄色)+NaNO35Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HClHClO+SO2+H2O=H2SO4+2HClSSSSO2SO3Na2SO4BaSO4CuSH2SH2SO3H2SO4Cu2SFeSFeS2=1\*GB3①eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)CuSO4eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,22)三、氧族元素eq\o\ac(○,1)Fe+SFeSeq\o\ac(○,2)2Cu+SCu2Seq\o\ac(○,3)H2+SH2SFeS+2HCl=H2S↑+FeCl2eq\o\ac(○,4)H2SH2+S；2H2S+O2=2H2O+2S↓eq\o\ac(○,5)H2S+CuSO4=H2SO4+CuS↓eq\o\ac(○,6)2H2S+3O22H2O+2SO2(完全燃烧)eq\o\ac(○,7)S+O22SO2eq\o\ac(○,8)2H2S+SO2=2H2O+3S↓eq\o\ac(○,9)4FeS+7O22Fe2O3+4SO2eq\o\ac(○,10)4FeS2+11O22Fe2O3+8SO2（工业制取SO2）eq\o\ac(○,11)SO2+H2O=H2SO3eq\o\ac(○,12)Na2O2+SO2=Na2SO4eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)2SO2+O22SO3eq\o\ac(○,15)SO3+H2O=H2SO4eq\o\ac(○,16)SO2+2H2O+X2=H2SO4+2HX(X=Cl，Br，I)eq\o\ac(○,17)2H2SO4+CuCuSO4+SO2↑+2H2ONa2SO3+H2SO4（浓）=Na2SO4+SO2↑+2H2O2H2SO4+CCO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2Oeq\o\ac(○,18)H2SO3+Cl2+H2O=H2SO4+2HCleq\o\ac(○,19)H2SO4+Cu(OH)2=CuSO4+2H2Oeq\o\ac(○,20)H2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2H2Oeq\o\ac(○,21)H2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4↓+2HCleq\o\ac(○,22)Na2SO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4↓+2NaOH注意：SO2+2H2O+Br2=H2SO4+2HBrSO2+Ca(OH)2=CaSO3↓+H2O(SO2不足)2SO2+Ca(OH)2=Ca(HSO3)2(SO2过量)2FeCl3+H2S=S↓+2FeCl2+2HClH2SO4(浓)+2HBr===SO2↑+Br2↑+2H2O2FeCl3+SO2+2H2O=2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HClSO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O(SO2不足、吸收SO2)2Na2SO3+O2=2Na2SO43O2O32H2O22H2O+O2↑H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2OO3+2KI+H2O=2KOH+I2+O2（使湿润的淀粉KI试纸变蓝）CuSO4·5H2OCuSO4+5H2OHH2SiO3SiO2SiCCO2CaCO3CaSiO3SiF4H2CO3COCa(HCO3)2Na2SiO3CaOCaC2Ca(OH)2eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,23)eq\o\ac(○,24)eq\o\ac(○,25)四、碳族元素eq\o\ac(○,1)Si+O2SiO2eq\o\ac(○,2)SiO2+2CSi+2CO↑(工业制单质硅) eq\o\ac(○,3)SiO2+Na2CO3Na2SiO3+CO2↑SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O(强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃)

eq\o\ac(○,4)SiO2+CaCO3CaSiO3+CO2↑eq\o\ac(○,5)H2SiO3SiO2+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,6)Na2SiO3+2CO2(过量)+H2O=H2SiO3↓+2NaHCO3eq\o\ac(○,7)H2SiO3+2NaOH=Na2SiO3+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,8)2Si+2NaOH+2H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2↑eq\o\ac(○,9)Si+2F2=SiF4eq\o\ac(○,10)SiO2+2CSi+2CO↑eq\o\ac(○,11)2C+O2(少量)2COeq\o\ac(○,12)CaO+3CCaC2+CO↑eq\o\ac(○,13)CO2+Mg2MgO+Ceq\o\ac(○,14)C+O2(过量)CO2eq\o\ac(○,15)CaC2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+C2H2↑eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)CO2+H2OH2CO3eq\o\ac(○,18)2CO2+Ca(OH)2=Ca(HCO3)2eq\o\ac(○,19)Ca(HCO3)2+2HCl=CaCl2+2CO2↑+2H2Oeq\o\ac(○,20)CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,21)CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+CO2↑+H2O；CaCO3CaO+CO2↑eq\o\ac(○,22)CaCO3+CO2+H2O=Ca(HCO3)2eq\o\ac(○,23)Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3+CO2↑+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,24)CaCO3CaO+CO2↑eq\o\ac(○,25)CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2注意：Na2SiO3+2HCl=H2SiO3↓+2NaClNa2CO3+SO2=Na2SO3+CO2（吸收SO2、SO2的尾气处理）C+H2OCO↑+H2五、氮族元素eq\o\ac(○,1)N2+O22NOeq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,3)=4\*GB3④Mg3N2+6H2O=3Mg(OH)2+2NH3↑eq\o\ac(○,5)NH3+HCl===NH4Cleq\o\ac(○,6)NH4ClNH3↑+HCl↑NH4Cl+NaOHNH3↑+H2O+NaCl2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)22NH3↑+2H2O+CaCl2(实验室制氨气)eq\o\ac(○,7)NH3+H2ONH3·H2ONH4++OH-eq\o\ac(○,8)4NH3+5O24NO+6H2Oeq\o\ac(○,9)2NO+O2==2NO2eq\o\ac(○,10)3NO2+H2O==2HNO3+NOeq\o\ac(○,11)2NO2==N2O4(加压、降温)N2O4==2NO2(降压、升温)eq\o\ac(○,12)3NO2+H2O==2HNO3+NO4NO2+2H2O+O2==4HNO3eq\o\ac(○,13)Cu+4HNO3（浓）==Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2OC+4HNO3（浓）CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2OAl+6HNO3（浓）Al(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2OFe+6HNO3（浓）Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2O(Fe不足)eq\o\ac(○,14)3Cu+8HNO3（稀）==3Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O8HNO3(稀)+3Fe（过量）===3Fe(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2Oeq\o\ac(○,15)HNO3+NH3===NH4NO3eq\o\ac(○,16)H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3eq\o\ac(○,17)HNO3+NaOH===NaNO3+H2O注意：NH3+CO2+H2O===NH4HCO32NH3+CO2+H2O===(NH4)2CO3NH4HCO3NH3↑+CO2↑+H2O(NH4)2CO32NH3↑+CO2↑+H2O2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4（氨气不用浓硫酸干燥）4NO+3O2+2H2OAUTOTEXT==错误！未找到引用源。4HNO3O2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOH（不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO2）3Fe2++8H++NO3-==3Fe3++NO↑+4H2O2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO)SO2+NO2===SO3+NONO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO2（用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO2）4P+3O22P2O34P+5O22P2O5P2O5+H2O(冷水)===2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(热水)===2H3PO44H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)2===3Ca(H2PO4)2（重钙）六、镁、铝、铁AlAlAlCl3Al2O3NaAlO2Al(OH)3Al2(SOeq\o\ac(○,1)=2\*GB3②=3\*GB3③=4\*GB3④=5\*GB3⑤=6\*GB3⑥=7\*GB3⑦=8\*GB3⑧=9\*GB3⑨=10\*GB3⑩eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,13)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,1)4Al+3O2=2Al2O3eq\o\ac(○,2)2Al2O34Al+3O2↑eq\o\ac(○,3)2Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑eq\o\ac(○,4)Al2O3+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2Oeq\o\ac(○,5)Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2Oeq\o\ac(○,6)2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑eq\o\ac(○,7)2Al+6H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2↑eq\o\ac(○,8)Al2(SO4)3+6NH3.H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3(NH4)2SO4eq\o\ac(○,9)Al2(SO4)3+3BaCl2=2AlCl3+3BaSO4↓eq\o\ac(○,10)NaAlO2+2H2O+CO2=Al(OH)3↓+NaHCO3（CO2过量）eq\o\ac(○,11)Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2Oeq\o\ac(○,12)Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2Oeq\o\ac(○,13)AlCl3+3NaOH(少量)=Al(OH)3↓+3NaCleq\o\ac(○,14)AlCl3+4NaOH(过量)=NaAlO2+2H2O+3NaCleq\o\ac(○,15)NaAlO2+4HCl(过量)=AlCl3+2H2O+NaCl注意：Al3++3AlO2--+6H2O=4Al(OH)3↓Al3++3HCO3--=Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑2Al3++3CO32--+3H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑2Al3++3S2-+6H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Al3++3NH3.H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+4Al+3MnO23Mn+2Al2O32Al+Fe2O32Fe+Al2O32Al+6H2SO4(浓、热)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2O2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2Oeq\o\ac(○,13)FeFeFeOFe3O4Fe(OH)2FeCl2FeSFeSO4Fe2(SO4)3Fe2O3FeCl3Fe(OH)3FeS2eq\o\ac(○,3)eq\o\ac(○,1)eq\o\ac(○,2)eq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,5)eq\o\ac(○,6)eq\o\ac(○,7)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,9)eq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,11)eq\o\ac(○,12)eq\o\ac(○,14)eq\o\ac(○,15)eq\o\ac(○,16)eq\o\ac(○,17)eq\o\ac(○,18)eq\o\ac(○,19)eq\o\ac(○,20)eq\o\ac(○,21)eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,23)eq\o\ac(○,1)Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2↑Fe+2FeCl3=3FeCl2eq\o\ac(○,2)FeCl2+Zn=Fe+ZnCl2eq\o\ac(○,3)2Fe+3Cl22FeCl3eq\o\ac(○,4)Fe+SFeS=5\*GB3⑤FeS+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2S↑eq\o\ac(○,6)3Fe+2O2Fe3O4eq\o\ac(○,7)3Fe3O4+8Al9Fe+4Al2O3eq\o\ac(○,8)2FeO+Si2Fe+SiO2eq\o\ac(○,9)Fe(OH)2+2HCl=FeCl2+2H2Oeq\o\ac(○,10)FeCl2+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2↓+2NaCleq\o\ac(○,11)Fe(OH)2FeO+H2O(隔绝空气)eq\o\ac(○,12)6FeO+O22Fe3O4eq\o\ac(○,13)Fe(OH)2+H2SO4=FeSO4+2H2Oeq\o\ac(○,14)4Fe(OH)2+O2/