最新高中英语必修五复习

PAGEPAGE9高中英语必修五复习必修五Unit1GreatScientists词形变化1.scientificadj.科学的sciencen.科学scientistn.科学家2.valuableadj.有价值的valuen.价值valuev.估价,评价3.instructv.教导，命令instructionn.指示，用法说明instructiveadj.有益的，教育性的4.enthusiasticadj.热心的，热情的5announcev．宣布enthusiasmn.狂热，热心announcementn.宣布enthusiastn.热心家，狂热者announcern，播送员，告知者重点单词concludev.断定，得出结论;结束〔正式〕；attendv.vt.出席,参加,照顾,护理,注意vi.专心,留意exposevt.使暴露,受到,使曝光v揭露absorbvt.吸收;使(精神)贯注;吞并blamen过失,责备vt.责备,谴责instructvt.教,教导,命令,指示,通知contributevi．&vt．捐助，捐献，奉献；投稿重点词组putforward提出：提议以供考虑eg.Heputforwardanewplanyesterday．他昨天提出一个新方案。inaddition/apartfrom除……之外;另外makesense有意义make／draw／reach／cometo／arriveataconclusion下结论，得出结论；bringsth.toaconclusion使…结束；inconclusion作为结论，最后；beexposedto….置身于……;暴露于…beabsorbedin全神贯注于;热衷于;blamesb．for(doing)sth．因(做)某事而指责某人eg他指责你玩忽职守.Heblamesyouforneglectofduty.blamesth．onsb．因某事而指责某人sb．betoblamefor(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:betoblame应负责(无被动形式)。eg.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.重点句子1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.3.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit…..重点语法过去分词做表语和定语(见语法专题)II.词形变化【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)The_________tookavery________approachto_________.(science)2)The______makea(n)________thatallthedetailsshould_______throughthebroadcast.(announce)3)Itis______andeasyforthechildrentoreadsomemasterpieceswiththe_______atthebottomofeachpage.(instruct)4)“Youdon’tseemvery______abouttheidea.〞“Idon’tmind,〞shesaid,withoutmuch______.(enthusiasm)5)Thereisnoanycriterionto______whetheritis_______information.(value)V重点句子〔旨在提供句子结构等所需材料〕1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去．[解释]everytime可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当〞immediately，themoment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……〞[典例]1〕EverytimeImeethim，Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus．每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。[练习]汉译英１〕每次我去找他，他都在专心看书．_______________________________________________________________________________2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚．[解释]Only引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装．［练习］汉译英2)就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的珍贵．_______________________________________________________________________________3.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit…..他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星那么围绕着太阳转．[解释]with+宾语+v.–ing/v.–ed/todo/adj./adv./prep.phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等．［典例］1〕Withtheoldmanleadingtheway,westartedtowardstheforest.在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2〕Sheranandranwithbeadsofsweatrunningdownherface.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。[练习]汉译英老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友．_______________________________________________________________________________Unit2TheUnitedKingdom一、语言要点I单元要点预览〔旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点〕词形变化1.conveniencen.便利，方便,适合convenientadj.便利的,方便的convenientlyadv.便利地2.attractionn.吸引,吸引力attractiveadj.吸引人的,有魅力的attractv.吸引3.constructv.建造,构造,建立constructionn..建筑,建设4.arrangev.安排,协商arrangementn.排列,安排5.collectv.收集,聚集,集中collectionn.收藏,征收,搜集品6.fairadj.公平地,公正地,unfairadj.不公平的7.suggestvt.建议,暗示suggestionn.提议,意见,暗示,重点单词consistvi.由...组成,在于,一致clarifyv.澄清,说明conveniencen.便利,方便,有益,有用的,方便的用具、influencen.&vt.影响,感化,势力,有影响的人(或事)availableadj.可用到的,可利用的,有空的,arrangev.安排,排列,协商delightn.快乐,快乐,喜悦v.(使)快乐,(使)欣喜重点词组taketheplaceof代替,取代Inthefuture,naturalgaswilltaketheplaceofpetrolasthemajorfuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。breakdown损坏，跨，压倒，分解Thebridgebrokedown．桥塌了。leaveout省去,遗漏consistof=bemadeupof由…组成;由…构成)这支球队由12人组成。theteamconsistsof12playerstosb.'sdelight令人快乐的是..leavefor动身到(某处)leavealone不管;撇下…一个人leaveaside搁置leavebehind遗忘;遗留重点句子Thereisnoneedtodebateanymoreaboutwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethefourcountries.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.重点语法过去分词做宾语补足语III词性变化〔旨在提供语法填空所需材料〕【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)Thesemealsarequickand_________toprepare.Weprovidethesemealsforthe_____ofthecustomers.(convenience)What________mefirstwasthatthereisabeautifulhousewithan____________garden.(attraction)Theyhadan_________thatthechildrenwouldspendtheirholidayabroad.(arrange)Theclassicmusic_________hischildhood,andhethoughtthatlisteningtothemusichasacalming_________onhim.(influence)AnewcityofWenchuanisstillunder__________,althoughitwas________ahalfyearago.(construct)Atthewholeclassmates’________,theheadteacher________theyshouldgocampingthisweekend.(suggest)VI重点句子〔旨在提供句子结构等所需材料〕1.Thereisnoneedtodebateanymoreaboutwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethefourcountries.没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。[解释]Thereisnoneedtodo没有必要做某事Thereisnodoubtthat……是毫无疑问的[练习]汉译英1)没必要给他写封信告知这个消息._______________________________________________________________________________2.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.这似乎是一件怪事:这位开展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.[解释]Itis/seems/…that…从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形〞构成[典例]1)Itisstrangethatmymothershouldagreewithme.真奇怪我妈妈竟然容许了我。2)Itwasstrangethatmymothershouldhaveagreedwithme.真奇怪我妈妈竟然容许了我。[练习]翻译真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格._______________________________________________________________________________Unit3Lifeinfuture语言要点单元要点预览〔旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点〕词形变化1.settlementn.定居；解决settlev.安放,使定居,安排;安家,定居2.surroundingn.周围的事物；环境surroundv.包围,围绕3.pressv.按；压；逼迫pressuren.压,压力,4.requirev.需要；要求；命令5.impressionn.印象,感想,requirementn.需要；要求；命令impressv.印,留下印象重点单词privateadj.私人的；私有的settlementn.定居；解决impressionn.印象；感想；印记remindv.提醒；使想起previousadj.在前的；早先的lackv.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西requirev.需要；要求；命令assistv.援助；帮助；协助重点词组1.takeup拿起；接受；开始；继续1)Thistabletakesuptoomuchroom．这张桌子太占地方。2)Shehastakenupajobasateacher．她当上老师了。3)Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneoff．本章继续上一章的内容。2.besimilarto与……相似1)Hisviewsaresimilartomine.他的观点与我的很相似3.inalldirections向四面八方4.losesightof/catchsightof不再看见/瞥见……5.sweepup清扫；横扫重点句子Whatproblemsdoyouthinkpeopleinthefuturewillhaveovercome?Thisissimilartothe“jetlag〞yougetwhenflying,…重点语法过去分词做状语II词性变化〔旨在提供语法填空所需材料〕【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空_________bygreenhillonthenorthandsouthandablueseaontheeast,thiscityreallyenjoysnice______________.(surrounding)It’stimeyou_________yourdifferencewithyourfather.(settlement)What’syour__________ofthenewteacher?Heisakindandhandsomeyoungman,butwhat_____memostishissenseofhumour.(impression)Itis_________thatallstudentsshouldweartheschooluniforminschool,butnotallstudentsobeythe_________.(require)Thenurse______thewoundandthe_______tothearmstoppedthebleedingatlast.(press)V重点句子〔旨在提供句子结构等所需材料〕1．Whatproblemsdoyouthinkpeopleinthefuturewillhaveovercome?你认为未来的人们将克服什么问题?[解释]此句为复杂疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词+doyouthink+其余局部(其余局部为陈述语序),doyouthink为插入成分。能用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。[典例]1)Whodoyouthinkisthetallestinyourclass?你认为在你们班谁最高?[注意]1)如果此句型的动词后面的从句里有否认意义，往往要把否认前置。如：Idon'tthinkit’srighttodoso．我想这样做是不对的。[练习]汉译英1)你觉得我们什么时候见面好?_______________________________________________________________________________2)我想他们马上就到._______________________________________________________________________________Unit4Makingthenews一、语言要点I单元要点预览词形变化1.employv.雇佣,使用employmentn.雇佣employer雇佣者,employee受雇者2.approvev.赞成,批准approvaln,赞成,批准3.professionn.职业,专业professionaladj.专业的4.guiltn.犯罪5.concentratev.集中注意力guiltyadj.犯罪的,内疚的concentrationn.专注,专心重点单词concentratevt.集中；聚集coursen.过程；进程；课程；一道菜traden.行业；贸易；商业defendvt.防护；辩护；护卫senioradj.年长的；高年级的；高级的approvevt.赞成；赞许；批准polishvt.擦亮；磨光；润色employvt.雇用,用,使用intentionn.意图,目的重点词组1.onone’sown单独；独立2.haveagood“nose〞forsth探查发现某事物的能力3.besupposedto应当；认为必须4.lookforwardto盼望5.beguiltyof有罪;因…负疚6.soasto以致;为了7.concentrateone'sattentionon[upon]把注意力集中在如果你全神贯注，就能解决这个问题。You’llsolvetheproblemifyouconcentrateuponit.8defendagainst/from保卫;抵抗。保护,保卫(使不受伤害)警察的职责是保护民众不受伤害。It’spolicemen’sdutytodefendtheirpeoplefromharm.9.lookforwardto盼望Manyseniorstudentsarelookingforwardtograduationduetotheheavyburden.由于不堪重负许多高中生期待着毕业.重点句子NotonlyamIinterestedinphotograph,butItookacourseatuniversity,soit’sactuallyofspecialinteresttome.重点语法过去分词做表语和定语(见语法专题)III词性变化〔旨在提供语法填空所需材料〕【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空Thisbookdemandedallyour_________.(concentrate)Myparentsdidn’t_________ofmyleavingschoolthisyearandIhadtoaccepttheir________.(approve)Weneedenough_________engineerstoundertakethejob.(profession)his_______wasprovedbeyondalldoubtbytheprosecutionandhefelt_____aboutnottellingthetruthtothejudge(guilt)Thefactoriesthat________thousandsofworkerscriticizedthemethod_________bythecountry’sgovernment.(employ)VI重点句子〔旨在提供句子结构等所需材料〕NotonlyamIinterestedinphotograph,butItookacourseatuniversity,soit’sactuallyofspecialinteresttome.我不仅仅只是对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还专修过摄影呢,所以对此我真是特别感兴趣.[解释]notonly…butalso..不但…而且…,当否认的短语notonly放在句首,句子用倒装.[典例]1〕Byrecitingmanyarticles,wecannotonlyimproveourwritingskillbutalsotrainourmemory.通过背诵一些文章,我们不仅能够提高写作能力,还可以训练我们的记忆.2〕Notonlydoesshedowellinherjob,butsheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.她不仅工作出色,还乐于助人.[练习]汉译英1〕网上购物不仅能节约你的时间，还可以给你带来很多乐趣。_______________________________________________________________________________Unit5FirstaidI单元要点预览〔旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点〕词形变化1.bleedv.使出血,放血bloodn.血,血液,血统bloodyadj.有血的,2.mildadj.温和的,温柔的mildlyadv.温和地,适度地3.treatv.视为,对待,治疗treatmentn.待遇,对待,处理,治疗4.pressuren.压,压力,压迫pressv.压,压迫5.braveryn勇敢braven.勇敢的重点单词aidn.&vt.帮助；援助；资助tissuen.[生]组织,squeezevt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨presentvt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现authenticadj.真实的；真正的；可信的重点词组fallill生病(getill,becomeill)Therescueteamworkeddayandnightandmanypeoplefellillatlast.救援队伍不分白天黑夜地工作，结果许多人病倒了。2.inplace在适当的位置,适当Iliketohaveeverythinginplace.我喜欢所有的东西都摆好。3.putone’shandson找到，得到某物Inthedarknight,heeventuallyputhishandsonhisglasses.在黑暗中，他终于摸到了他的眼镜。4.makeadifference(1)有很大差异,有很大不同(2)有很大的关系[影响]Whetherhecouldgetthesupportfromhisparentsmadeagreatdifferencetotheplan.他是否能得到父母的支持对这个方案的影响很大。重点句子ThereisnodoubtthatJohn’squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMs.Slade’slife.重点语法省略(Ellipsis)(见语法专题)III词性变化〔旨在提供语法填空所需材料〕【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)Apersonofhot_______isnotafraidof_______inbattleforthecountry.(blood)2)Iwasonly______interestedinEnglishwhenItookupit.(mild)3)peoplehadto_____themselvesintheirownway,beforetheyreceivedthe____sentbythegovernment.(treat)4)________thisbuttonandthe_______ofthewaterwillrise.(press)5)The______boyswererewardedwithmedalsfortheir________inWenchanearthquake.VI重点句子〔旨在提供句子结构等所需材料〕ThereisnodoubtthatJohn’squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMs.Slade’slife.毫无疑问,正是约翰快捷的动作和他在中学所学的急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命.[解释]Thereisnodoubtthat毫无疑问…Thereissomedoubtwhether是否……,还有些疑问[练习]汉译英2)毫无疑问,证据是对我方有利._______________________________________________________________________________2.Donotrub,asthismaybreakanyblistersandthewoundmaygetinfected.不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。[解释]“get+过去分词〞表被动[典例]1)InChina,mostworkersgetpaidbymonth.在中国，大局部工人按月领公司。2)So,asyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious.因此，如你所想象的，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，就会变得非常的严重。[练习]汉译英2)在足球比赛中，他的腿折了。______________________________