JohnDonne 诗歌特点评论公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

JohnDonneSelectedReading:TheFleaHolySonnet10JohnDonne’sPortraitat23WomancatchingFleaMetaphysicalPoetryTheterm"metaphysical"isusedtodesignatetheworkof17th-centurywriterswhowerepartofaschoolofpoetsusingsimilarmethodsandwhorevoltedagainsttheromanticconventionalismofElizabethanlovepoetry,inparticularthePetrarchanconceit.Itincludesacertainanti-feministtradition.JohnDonnewastheacknowledgedleaderofthepoetstodayidentifiedas"metaphysical"(thoughtheythemselveswouldnothaveusedtheterm,norhaveconsideredthemselvestoconstitutea"school"ofpoetry).Noexactlistof"metaphysicalpoets"canbedrawnup.SomewereProtestantreligiousmystics,likeHerbert,VaughanandTraherne;someCatholic,likeCrashaw;onewasanAmericanclergyman,EdwardTaylor.Whilelesseasilyassimilatable,Marvellsharescertainaffinitieswiththe"metaphysical"poets.The"metaphysicals"arepopularwithmodernreadersbecauseoftheirrealism,theirintellectualism,andtheirbreakwiththeirimmediateliterarypast.characteristics(1)atendencytopsychologicalanalysisofemotionofloveandreligionapenchant(“hobby”)forimagerythatisnovel,"unpoetical"andsometimesshocking,drawnfromthecommonplace(actuallife)ortheremote(eruditesources),includingtheextendedmetaphorofthe"metaphysicalconceit"simplediction(comparedtoElizabethanpoetry)whichechoesthecadencesofeverydayspeechCharacteristics(2)meter:oftenrugged,not"sweet"orsmoothlikeElizabethanverse.ThisruggednessgoesnaturallywiththeMetaphysicalpoets'attitudeandpurpose:abeliefintheperplexity(“mess,chaos”)oflife,aspiritofrevolt,andtheputtingofanargumentinspeechratherthansong.form:frequentlyanargument(withthepoet'slover;withGod;withoneself)Thebestmetaphysicalpoetryishonest,unconventional,andrevealsthepoet'ssenseofthecomplexitiesandcontradictionsoflife.Itisintellectual,analytical,psychological,andbold;frequentlyitisabsorbedinthoughtsofdeath,physicallove,andreligiousdevotion.metaphysicalconceit（博喻）A“metaphysicalconceit”isafar-fetchedandingeniousextendedcomparison(or“conceit”)usedbymetaphysicalpoetstoexploreallareasofknowledge.Itfindstellingandunusualanalogiesforthepoet‘sideasinthestartlinglyesoteric（深奥）

ortheshockinglycommonplace--nottheusualstuffofpoeticmetaphor.FamousExamplesItisoftengrotesqueandextravagant,e.g.Crashaw'scomparisonofMaryMagdalene'stear-filledeyesas"Twowalkingbaths;twoweepingmotions/Portableandcompendiousoceans."Donne'scomparisonofhisunionwithhislovertothedraftsman'scompassin"AValediction:ForbiddingMourning"ismoresuccessfulbecauseitgivesusaperceptionofarealbutpreviouslyunsuspectedsimilaritythatisthereforeenlightening.TheSourcesofConceitsTypicalmetaphysicalconceitscomefromawidevarietyofareasofknowledge:coins(mintage);alchemy;medievalphilosophyandangelology(seee.g.Donne's"AirandAngels”);meteorology(sighsareblasts,tearsarefloods);mythology(thePhoenix'sriddle,theriverStyx);government("sheisthestate,heisthePrince"fromDonne's"TheSunRising");travelling(Donne's"GoandCatchaFallingStar");astronomy;metallurgy("goldtoairythinnessbeat");geometry(thetwincompasses);law;geography.Overallexplanation(1)

Fleaswereapopularsubjectforjocose[humorous]andamatory[love]poetryinallcountriesattheRenaissance.Theirpopularitystemsfromaneventthathappenedinaliterarysalon(aplacewherepoetsandotherscametorecitepoetryandconverse).Thesalonwasrunbytwoladies,andonoccasionafleahappenedtolandupononelady'sbreast.Thepoetswereamazedatthecreature'saudacity,andwereinspiredtowritepoetryaboutthebeast.Itsoonbecamefashionableamongpoetstowritepoemsaboutfleas.Overallexplanation(2)Inthispoem,the"I"ofthepoemislyinginbedwithhislover,andtryingtogethertogivehervirginitytohim.(Itcould,ofcourse,quiteeasilybeaFEMALE"I"tryingtoseduceaMALE,butIwillstickwithoneforconvenience).Whilelyingthere,henoticesaflea,whichhasobviouslybittenthemboth.Sincethe17-centuryideawasofsexasa"minglingoftheblood",herealisesthatbymixingtheirbloodstogetherinitsbody,thefleahasdonewhatshedidn'tdaretodo.

Overallexplanation(3)Then,heargues,sincethefleahasdoneit,whyshouldn'tthey?Tobackuphisargument,hereferstothemarriageceremony,whichstatesthat"manandwomanshallbeoneflesh".Hearguesthatsincetheyhavemingledtheirbloodsandaretherefore"oneblood",theyarepractically"oneflesh"andarethereforemarried!Overallexplanation(4)Then,heargues,sincethefleahasdoneit,whyshouldn'tthey?Tobackuphisargument,hereferstothemarriageceremony,whichstatesthat"manandwomanshallbeoneflesh".Hearguesthatsincetheyhavemingledtheirbloodsandaretherefore"oneblood",theyarepractically"oneflesh"andarethereforemarried!Overallexplanation(5)However,thefleafinallyiskilled,andthepoetisforcedtochangetactics.There,heargues,killingthefleawaseasy,andasyousayithasn'tharmedus-well,yieldingtomewillbejustaseasyandpainless.Thispoemborrowsalotofreligiousimagery,becauseithelpsaddanaburdauthoritytothepoem,asDonnetriestoarguethatwhattheyareabouttodoisnotonlysupportedbyGod,buttonotdoitwouldbeheretical.

PoeticDevicesDirectaddress:Markebutthisflea...

Repetition:Andmarkeinthis

Conceits:Flea>Church>FleaMovementWithinthePoem

Firststanza:ContemplativeandwhimsicalSecondstanza:Becomesmoreabsurd,pacegetsfasterThirdstanza:Slowingandreversalofargument.Notagoodideatowritedown,butinterestingtonotethatthepaceofthepoemfollowsthatofsex-agradualbuild-upofintensityleadingtothesudden,climactic...deathofaflea.Imagery

Muchreligiousimagery:onebloodmadeoftwo-impliessexand/orpregnancy(ie,motherandchildarethe"two")

threelivesinoneflea-holytrinity

cloysterd

sacrilege,threesinnesinkillingthree-moreholytrinityimagery

bloodofinnocence

GeneralComments(1)Circularargument.Thefleastartsandendsasnothing.Hijackingofmarriageceremony.TheAnglicanmarriageceremonyincludesthelinesManshallbejoineduntohiswifeandtheytwoshallbeoneflesh.Comparewithonebloodmadeoftwo,ThisfleaisyouandI...,etc.Argumentgainsconfidencethroughoutthestanzas,andisthenabruptlyturnedaround.Thereisalotofhyperboleinthispoem,atechniquethatDonneoftenusestomakeapoint.GeneralComments(2)Notetheroleofthefemaleinthispoem-herobjectionsarenevernoted,justreactedto,andshemakesthemostpowerfulstatementinthepoem,yetitisanon-verbalstatement(hercrushingoftheflea)Onebloodmadeoftwo...-inDonne'stime,thesexactwasthoughtobea"minglingofthebloods"-sothelineisbothlewdandplayful,especiallyasitisfollowedbytheteasingAndthis,alas,ismorethanweewoulddoe.

GeneralComments(3)Purpledthynaile...-purplewasaveryexpensivecolour,associatedwithroyaltyandromance.AlsonotethatinthefirsttwolinesofthisstanzaDonneisarguingthatthedeathofthefleaismoreimportantthanthelossofvirginity.Notagoodideatousethisinaformalexam,butnoteMeitsuck'dfirst,andnowsucksthee-apparentlyinthe17thcenturytheprinted"s"lookedalotliketheprinted"f":"Itwouldbenosurprise...thatDonneisbeingdeliberatelyambivalenthere."GeneralComments(4)Donne'srhymeschemeplaysanimportantpartinthemeaning.

Alltwenty-sevenlinesofthepoemfollowtheaabbccdddrhymescheme.

Thisconsistencyinpatternreflectsthespeaker'spersistenceasheproceedswithhisrequestforintimacythroughoutthepoem.Death,BenotProudDEATHbenotproud,thoughsomehavecalledthee

Mightyanddreadfull,for,thouartnotso,

For,those,whomthouthink'st,thoudostoverthrow,

Dienot,pooredeath,noryetcanstthoukillme.

Fromrestandsleepe,whichbutthypicturesbee,

Muchpleasure,thenfromthee,muchmoremustflow,

Andsoonestourbestmenwiththeedoegoe,

Restoftheirbones,andsoulesdeliverie.ThouartslavetoFate,Chance,kings,anddesperatemen,

Anddostwithpoyson,warre,andsicknessedwell,

Andpoppie,orcharmescanmakeussleepeaswell,

Andbetterthenthystroake;whyswell'stthouthen;

Oneshortsleepepast,weewakeeternally,

Anddeathshallbenomore;death,thoushaltdie.Thissonnetispartofacollectioncalled"TheHolySonnets".Donne,anAnglicanpriestandveryreligiousman,looksatthethemeofdeath,somethingthatscaresmostpeople.Hepointsoutthatoneshouldnotinfactbeafraidofdeathatallbecauseitissimplythegatewaytoanotherhappiereternallife.Thepoetinfactpersonifiesdeath,speakingdirectlytoDeathasifitwereaperson.HeaccusesDeathofhavingabsolutelynothingtoboastaboutbecause,intheend,Deathhasnopowerwhatever.PetrarchanSonnet

Ithas14lines,dividedintothreequatrainsandarhymingcouplet.Thequatrainsdealwiththechiefthemeofthesonnet,andtherhymingcoupletconcludestheargument.Eachlineofthesonnethas10syllablesofiambicpentameters-i.e.therearefivefeet(calledpentameters),andeachfootcontainsashortsyllablefollowedbyalongone(iambic):

Therhymingschemeisasimpleone:abbacddceffeggNote:TherhymingcoupletattheendisusuallyasignthatoneislookingatanElizabethansonnet.DONNE'SPOEMISBASEDUPONTHEFOLLOWINGEXTRACTFROMTHESCRIPTURES:"Listen,Itellyouamystery:Wewillnotallsleep,butwewillallbechanged-inaflash,inthetwinklingofaneye,atthelasttrumpet....thenthesayingthatiswrittenwillcometrue:'Deathhasbeenswallowedupinvictory.Where,Odeath,isyourvictory?Where,Odeath,isyoursting?'Thestingofdeathissin,andthepowerofsinisthelaw.ButthanksbetoGod!HegivesusvictorythroughourLordJesusChrist."Corinthians15:51-57CLOSERANALYSISGeneral:Deathisoftenpresentedasaperson(the"GrimReaper")whogoesaboutwithasicklereapinginaharvestofsouls.Indeed,StPaulhimselfpersonifiesdeathinhislettertotheCorinthians,henceDonneismerelyimitatingthegreatmaster.Quatrain1:ThepoethascontemptforDeath,scorningDeath'sfalsepride.Hepointsoutthat,althoughmostpeopleareterrifiedofDeath("somehavecalledtheemightyanddreadful"),thereisnoreasonatallforthisfear.Peoplewhoappeartodie,saysthepoet,donotactuallydiebutratherpassintoanothereternallifeofhappiness.Deaththereforehasnoreasontobeproud,ortoboastofhisaccomplishmentsbecauseinrealityDeathhasnopowerwhatever.Quatrain2:Deathismerelyapictureofeternalrestandsleep.Justasrestandsleepbringmuchhappiness,soDeathwillbringmuchmorehappinessbecausehebringseternalrest.Eventhebes