最新高中英语语法：主谓一致-讲解与练习

PAGEPAGE9高中语法：主谓一致Ⅰ.主谓一致原那么含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。分类：语法一致原那么、逻辑意义一致原那么、就近原那么。Ⅱ.语法一致原那么：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但假设表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.“单数名词+and+单数名词〞作主语，谓语动词用复数：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/the+单数名词〔人〕+and+单数名词〔人〕+单数谓语a/the+单数名词〔人〕+and+a/the+单数名词〔人〕+复数谓语Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条thestarsandstripes星条旗FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland..主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一局部，谓语用单数：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.试比拟：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.【练一练】Betweenthetworoads_______aTVtowercalled“SkyscraperTower〞.A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand–HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,_______toFrance?--Really?NowonderIhaven’tseenhimthesedays.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.havegoneThere_______apairoftrousersonthebed.A.areB.isC.hasD.have_______and_______aregoingabroadnextThursday?Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;IA_______and_______hasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;butD.pen;pencilNothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_______intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.hasEverystudentandeveryteacher_______.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeetingTheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereadingThere_______tobesomethingwrongwithhissister,_______?A.seem;isn’titB.seems;doesn’tthereC.seem;isn’tthereD.seems;doesn’titIthinkTom,_______you,_______toblame.A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.lessthan;isThespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.A.beB.areC.isD.are“Ifanybody_______,pleaseputdown_______name,〞saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;theirC.willbuythebook;one’sD.wantstohavethebookbought;herMyfamily_______largeandmyfamily_______reading.A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;enjoysThecustomsandcultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngland.A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theoneOnlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areⅢ.逻辑意义一致原那么：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致〔因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。〕what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheThameshasalargepopulation.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.Physicswashermajor.“定冠词the+形容词或分词〞，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.【练一练】_______is_______.Whichiswrong?A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistanceTherich_______notalwayshappy.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveWhatsheleftme_______afewoldbooks.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveTenminutes_______anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A.isB.areC.seemsD.seemThePhilippines_______ofmorethan7,000islands.A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makesupⅣ.就近原那么：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。当两个主语由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：GeorgeorIamwrong.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，那么应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导的句子用法相同)Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.【练一练】NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.beEithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattendedThemanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.A.isB.areC.wereD.haveNeitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremadeThere_______20dollarsandtwocardsinmypurse.A.areB.isC.haveD.hasⅤ.表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式“manya/morethanone+单数名词〞作主语时，谓语用单数：Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.表示鸟兽鱼群的词,如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语，谓语用单数：Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一局部时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连用时，谓语用单数：Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.【注意】“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语〞，表示“…的数目〞：Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.【练一练】About60percentofthestudents_______fromthesouth,therestofthem_______fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;isThenumberofpeopleinvited_______fifty;butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was,B.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;wereManyachild_______towalkbeforehecanspeak.A.learnB.learnsC.learnedD.havelearnedMorethanonegirl_______lateforclassthismorning.A.areB.isC.wasD.wereThepopulationofChina_______over1,200millionandeightypercentofthepopulation_______peasants.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;areHomework:1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.was B.were C.hadbeen D.wouldbe2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..A.is B.are C.has D.have3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.A.makespossibletoproduce B.makesitpossibletoproduceC.makepossibleproducing D.makeitpossibleproducing4.Avarietyofbooks_____________thechildrenofdifferentages.A.areinterestedin B.isinterestedinC.areintendingfor D.isintendingfor5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnight

A.hasbeeninvited B.hadbeeninvitedC.wereinvited D.wasinvited6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.A.is;is B.are;is C.is;are D.are;are7.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were8.ItisI_________myparentswho__________toblamefortheaccident.A.otherthan;are B.ratherthan;amC.morethan;are D.than;is9.Inourschool,manyaboy____playingfootballandmoregirlsthanone____playingit.A.likes;likes B.like;like C.like;likes D.likes;like10.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.are B.is C.have D.be11.Whatweusedtothink______impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbe12.Asyoucansee，thepriceofpork，eggsandgrainrising_____thesedays.A.arekeeping B.keep C.keeps D.werekeeping13.Threestudentsintenwillgoand_____tostayintheclassroom.A.there