语法专题之非谓语结构名师优质课赛课一等奖市公开课获奖课件

非谓语动词简述第1页非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词情况下,还有别动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.第2页

非谓语分类：todo,doing,done

非谓语不一样形式：todo不定式tobedoingtohavedone

doing现在分词havingdone过去分词:done

havingbeingdone

第3页非谓语动词句法功效第4页名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√第5页可充当成份:主语 ,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.一、不定式第6页1.不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．第7页2.不定式作宾语Youneedn'tbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire第8页Idon'twant_______likeI'mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.tosound B.tobesoundedC.sounding D.tohavesounded2.Ithinkyou’llgrow________himwhenyouknowhimbetter. A．liking B．tobelike C．tolike D．tobeliking1.A2.C第9页3.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard3.D第10页注意：1.介词but,except,besides,otherthan+todo时，介词前有行为动词do或其某种形式时，不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.

Theydidnothingbutcomplain.Wehadnothingtodootherthanwait.2.一些特殊结构cannotbutdo只好做…;candonothingbutdo

hadbetterdosthhavenochoicebuttodocan’tchoosebutdocan’thelpbutdowouldratherdoAthandoB

第11页3.不定式作表语Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingis

totakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语内容或性质

HeistomarryRose.表按计划要做事情.第12页注意

不定式符号to作表语时省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,

作表语不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.第13页4.不定式作定语Ineedapentowritewith.CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.thewaytounderstandotherstheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish第14页注意：“有”字结构havesthtodo如：Ihavesomeclothestowash.Ihavesomeclothestobewashed.2.thefirst+(sb/sth)+todosecondthird3.givemeaknifetocutwithpentohouseto

工具…

地点…

writewithlivein第15页5.不定式作宾语补足语Weoftenhearher

singthesongathome.Myteacheraskedme

togothereontime.Shewasconsidered

tohavestolenthemoney.1）see、watch、notice、observe

lookatmake、let、havehear,listentofeel吾看三室两厅一感觉被动语态中加to+sbdo第16页如：Iheardhimsingasongjustnow.Hewasheardtosingasongjustnow.Wemadehimcleantheclassroom.Heismadetocleantheclassroom.2)五看，一室，两厅，一感觉find,catch,keep,leave

如：Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet.Hewascaughtstealing.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.+sb+doing第17页3）主要动词+todo

tellsbtodopersuadesbtodoforbidsbtodoencouragesbtodoconvincesbtodorequiresbtodo

forcesbtodobegsbtodo

wantsbtodoadvisesbtodo

ordersbtodoremindsbtodogetsbtodocausesbtodowarnsbtodoteachsbtodoinvitesbtodo第18页4)做主补结构sbisrequiredtodo\tobedoing\tohavedonesaidbelievedknownconsideredfoundreported如：Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.Heatisconsideredtobeaformofenergy.

第19页5)find+it+n/adj+todothinkfeelmakeconsiderexpect如：Wemakeitaruletogetupearly.ShefindsiteasytolearnEnglish.第20页Myadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetaking B.metakingC.formetotake D.metotake第21页6.不定式作目状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespracticedhardtowinthematch.相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导目标状语.第22页1.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2．Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas. A．inordertohavereceived B．inordertoreceiveC．soastobereceived D．soastobereceiving 1.D2.C第23页3._________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A．Tofindout B．FindingoutC．Findout D．Havingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______alookatthesportsstars. A.had B.having C.tohave D.have第24页7.不定式作结果状语惯用enoughtodo，sufficient(足够）todo，onlytodo，too…todo，so+形容词/副词+astodo,such+名词…astodo引导Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Heisbraveenough

togooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.第25页1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only________thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told2.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft. tofind B.findingC.found D.tohavefound第26页8.不定式作原因状语常放在表示心理感觉形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.Youweresillynot____yourcar.tolock B.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglockedB第27页9.不定式完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生动作先于主句谓语动词发出动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词惯用于上面句型。第28页另外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与普通时区分。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）第29页1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard2.----IsBobstillperforming? ----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.tohaveleft B.toleaveC.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft1.D2.A第30页1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.

A.haveitdo

B.haveitdone

C.havedoneit

D.havingitdone

2.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.

A.totake

B.taking

C.take

D.taken1A2.A第31页10.不定式后动词省略动词love,mean,want,hate,like,

wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为防止重复，常省略与上文相同动词，只保留to不定式符号。第32页1.---WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.

---______.

A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.

B.I’dloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.

C.No,Iwouldn’t

D.That’sallright

2.---DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?

---Yes,heintends________.

A./

B.to

C.so

D.that

第33页句式wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,needn’thave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后be或have。

例---Areyouasailor?

---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).

第34页11.评注状语：tobehonesttotellthetruthtobefrank第35页不定式主动表被动结构1）adj+todo(easy,difficult,heavy,hardinteresting,light…）如:Theproblemiseasytosolve.Themanisdifficulttogetonwith.Theboxisheavytocarry.wh-+todo如:Idon’tknowwhattodonext.tolet,toblame,toseek…如Thehouseistolet.Thereasonisnotfartoseek.

第36页3）Hegivesmesomebookstoread.There’snothingtodo.

There’snothingtobedone.

There’snothingtosee.

There’snothingtobeseen.现在没事干。现在没什么方法了。没东西值得看。看不见什么东西。第37页二、动名词充当成份:

主语宾语表语定语第38页1.动名词作主语Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.It'snousewaitinghere.第39页2.动名词作表语Thenurse'sjobis

lookingafterthepatients.请对比下面句子:Thenurseislookingafterthepatients.第40页3.动名词作宾语①以下动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,permit如：Doyoumind

myopeningthewindows?注意:动名词复合结构Mycomingbackhomelatemademymotherangry.Ican’timagineGeorgesailingacrosstheoceaninaboat第41页②以下动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingdevoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth；burstoutcrying;keeponwring;IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.第42页非谓语区分：

trytodomeantodoregrettodotrydoingmeandoingregretdoinggoontoforgettodoremembertodogoondoingforgetdoingrememberdoingstoptodocan'thelpdoingneeddoingstopdoingcan'thelp(to)doneedtodo第43页1.wantdoingrequiredoingneeddoing2.beworthdoing/n

beworthy

ofbeingdoneof+ntobedone第44页4.动名词作定语动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰词没有逻辑上主谓关系；动名词作定语表示事物性质特点

asleepingbagasleepingcarawalkingstickareadingroom请对比下面：

runningwaterdevelopedcountryasleepingboy第45页IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.Iamsorryforhavingwastedsomuchofyourtime.Hecameintotheroomwithoutbeingseen.Hedeniedhavingbeenbeatenbyhisfather.5.动名词时态和语态doing----------------beingdonehavingdone------havingbeendone第46页1.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.find B.tofindC.onfinding D.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.Tohavehad B.HavinghadC.Have D.Having高考点击1.C2.A第47页3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.youtreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost3.D4.B第48页三、分词现在分词与过去分词.充当成份:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.第49页（一）现在分词第50页1.现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。第51页①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when,while等）Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.②原因状语Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote③伴随状语Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.④结果状语Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.第52页注意：现在分词作状语几个特征。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用普通时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子主语之间关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵照规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词逻辑主语就是句子主语。第53页Heglancedoverather,______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.noting B.notedC.tonote D.havingnoted2.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted

第54页3．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making4．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused第55页5．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．Havingbeenseparated

D．Tobeseparated第56页2.现在分词作定语1.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung第57页2．ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toform B.form

C.forming D.havingformed3.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling

C.smelt D.tobesmelt第58页（二）过去分词第59页1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。第60页（1）过去分词作原因状语Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeltasleep.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.（2）作时间状语Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.（3）作条件状语Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.（4）伴随状语Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.第61页分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也能够有自己独立逻辑上主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.第62页1．______withthesizeofthewholeearth,

thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A．CompareB．WhencomparingC．ComparingD．Whencompared

2.________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.Havinglost B.Lost

C.Beinglost D.Losing第63页2.过去分词作定语1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowing B.known

C.beingknown D.tobeknown2.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.

A.recorded B.recordingC.toberecorded D.havingrecorded第64页3.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_________vacationtoChina.A.paying B.paid

C.tobepaid D.beingpaid4.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell________.A．tospend B．spent

C．beingspent D．Spending第65页3.分词作宾补1)跟分词作宾补动词有：catch,have,get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作发出者，形成逻辑上主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作承受者，组成逻辑上动宾关系。第66页Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如:第67页1.Don’tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.running

C.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents

.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry第68页3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit_______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained第69页非谓语动词其它考点:第70页1.主语一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists第71页2．Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A．thedoorbellrangB．thedoorbellringsC．weheardthedoorbellring

D．weheardthedoorbellrings第72页2.with复合结构with+名词+doingtododone第73页1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise__________.A.goingon B.goesonC.wenton D.togoon2．________andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctor’shelptoendherlife.A．HavinggivenuphopeofcureB．WithnohopeforcureC．TherebeinghopeforcureD．Inthehopeofcure第74页独立主格结构功效

独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，惯用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。第75页

1)表示时间

Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。

Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.她干完了活，坐下来品茗。

2）表示条件

Theconditionbeingfavourable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。

3）表示原因

Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。

Hewrappedherupwithgreatcare,thenightbeingdarkandfrosty.夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实。

4）表示伴随情况

Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.几乎全部金属都是良导体，而银则是最好导体。(=Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,andsilveristhebestofall.)

比如：第76页常见独立主格结构：

1.名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：

Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn”tknowwhattosay.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Timepermitting(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.假如时间允许话，我们明天去郊游。

2.名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间动宾关系。如：

Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.伴随问题处理，质量已经提升了。

Her