语法重点真题补充版

第一节 由when、assoonas、theminute、themoment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句以及由ifunlessprovidedthat等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将例：Theywillgohomeforwintervacationassoonastheyfinishtheirexams.(20131122)Ifitrainstomorrow,thebasketballmatchhastobecanceled.(20130584)IwillcallyouassoonasI lhimassoonashecomes（20130551）Whendaddycomesback,Iamgoingto himeverything.（20122241）Hewillwritetomeassoonashereturns(20120516)PleasegiveJimtheschedulefortomorrow’sconferencewhenhecomesback.2 二、一般过去时：1、usedtodosth2、be/getused ngsth：做某事3、beusedtodosth1、beto+动词：表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：TheThird-RingRoadistobeopentotrafficbeforeNationalDay.（20121117）Mr.Obamawillgiveaspeechatthemeetingtobeheldnextweek.2、beaboutto+动词：表示即将发生的动作。例Thelectureisabouttobegin.3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示startgo,leave,come,arrive等。例：WeareleavingforBeijingtomorrow.明天动身去。When表示时间上的点，在考试中其引导的时间状语从句while表示时间段，引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正例：OneoftheguardswassleewhenteralcameIfellandhurtmyselfwhileIwasplayingHashave重点区分have(has)beento：去过某地，表示一种经Have(has)goneto：在去某地的途中或已在某地，还2、Itwasthe/second/lasttimethat…，在该句型常常标志性地由by、bythetime、byof引起一个to；feel形或现在分词作宾补，如seesbdo/ngsth，改为tosbbeseentodosth。动词有make、let、have，在主动语态中用动词做宾补，如makesbdosth，改为语态时则要加to，如sbbemadetodosth,两种形式都表示使/让做某事的意思。例：Weweremadetostudyhardy.被要求努力三、英语中常考的句式结构一：sthneed/want/requireng主语为物)例：Myroomisamess.Itneedstidyingup(整（20120543）Yourhairwantscutting.Theflowerneedswatering.have/getsthdone请/让别人做某事（have/get后接宾语为物）例：Ihavetakenmanyphotos.I’mgoingtogetthefilmdeveloped.Iwillhavemycar词。例：Theworkmustbefinishedbeforelunch.这项工第三节情态动词can、could；may、might；must、need；should；oughtto，对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容，1、Can/maydosth：表示对现在内容的可能性的推测；2、Mustdosth：表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测。2、musthavedonesth：表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测。Itrainedyesterday.（20130541）Itmusthaverainedyesterday,forthegroundisstillwetnow.cannotcan’thavedone:（20120539）Theroomisinaterriblemess;itcan’thavebeen1MrGreenmusthavefailedtoreceivemyletterotherwisehewouldhavereplied.2、Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident,otherwisehewouldhavearrivedontime.第四节虚拟语气拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类与现在事实相反与过去事实相反Had 与将来事实可Wereto(20130533)IwouldplayfootballwithyounowifIweretenyearsyounger.Iwasa(20121121)Withallyourbrainsyoushouldhavepassedthetest,butyoufailed.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,youshouldhavepassedthe例：1、Iwouldn’ttalkthatwayifIwere2Ifthewholeoperationhadnotbeenplannedbeforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost3、Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifsheweretogetajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.4、IwouldaskGeetolendusthemoneyifIknew5、Doyouthinktherewouldbelessintheworldifallpeoplespokethesamelanguage.6、IfBobhadcomewithushewouldhavehadagoodhadif，构成虚(20120517)Hadyoucomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldnothavemissedthelasttrain,butyouwerelate.Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldnothavemissedthelasttrain,butyouwerelate.（2011117）Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetIfyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetif虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间例：1、IfIhadattendedthemeetingyesterday,Iwouldknowwhathappenednow.2、Ifyouhadtakenouradviceatthattimeyouwouldnotbeintroublenow.词要用should+动词，should可以省略。这类常见的一坚持：insist二命令：、mand三建议：advice1ThedoctoradvisedthatMrMalanhaveanoperationrightawaysoastosavehislife.2、Hismotherinsistedthatheputonthecoatgoing形容词形式，题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+动词，should可以省略。考试中常见的词汇odercomanduggestiondvicepoposldeand，（20121132）Theteachersuggestedthattheyhandintheexerciseatonce.thejob)]sincehehasnoWishthat引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句都用虚that句型往往翻译为：多么希望…；ifonly表示的愿望较1、当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时，wishthat引ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的2、当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时，wishthat引ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：haddone；(20131125IfonlyIhadworkedhardinthepastfewmonths!3、当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时，wishthat引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：woulddoWouldrathernotdosth.宁可（不）例Iwouldrathertbyrather1、AwouldratherBdidsth：表示与现在或将来事实相2AwouldratherBhaddonesth:表示与过去事实相反的一种假设。例Katewentbybus,butI’drathershehadn’t.Wewentbybus,butI’dratherhavegoneby(20131118)Itishightimeyourealizedthatyouarenotthemost intheworld.例：1、It’shightimewedidsomethingtostoptraffic2、Don’tyouthinkitistimeyougaveup例：1、Writtenapplicationsshouldbesenttousincasetherebesomeproblemswiththeelectricversion.2、IwroteitdownincaseIshouldfet虚拟条件句有时不是通过if虚拟条件从句明显地表达，bu，otherwise（2、ButfortherainwewouldhavehadaniceAsif，asthough翻译为“好像”，谈论的往往是不可能或不wishthat句型中谓语动词采用的形（20130539）treatstheboynextdoorwellasifhewereherownson.虚拟语气Hewasherownson.[VingosaidsilentlyasifrememberingsomethinghetriedtoItisdifficulttodothis.Todothisisdifficult.itis+形容词+that引导的从句中，如果该形容词表示“重that从句中的谓语动词要用should+动词，should有：important、vital（极重要的、critical（决定性的、crucial（决定性的、necessary、essential（必不可少的、、pulsory，obligatory（必须，imperative（2、用于表示“惊奇的、令人不满的”的形容词常见的有：strange、surprising、amazing，unthinkable、odd（奇ncedibl（例：Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butIdidn’tknowyouwere2shouldnothavedonesthoughtnottohavedonesth本来不4、neednothavedonesth5、couldhavedonesth6、couldnothavedonesth7、mighthavedonesth8、mightnothavedonesth做谓语，而通过加上to,inged之后转化成了状/notice/watch/observesbdosth）（makelethavesbdosthwouldratherdosth.hadbetterdosthto的。（not）to（not）tobe（notto（otto(20130517）Hisnewnovelissaidtohavebeenmadeintoafilmlastyear.(20131144)Toimproveefficiencythefactoryreplacedmostofitsworkerswithrobots.to加动词(2)Encouragementthroughpraiseisthemosteffectivemethodofgettingpeopletodotheirbest.当不定式的逻辑主语（一般情况下是动词不定式前面的名（1）Mr.andMrs.Smithdidn’texpectthehousetobedecoratedsowell.（2）Theabilitytobeclearlyheardisveryimportantforany（1Judgihavereceivedmuch（2）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseverallanguagesuptonow.时，要再不定式前用for加名词（或代词）表示。 Stoptodo：停下来去做另外一件事情stopng：停下正Goontodo：继续去做另外一件事情 goon Trytodo：尽力去做某事 Meantodo：打算做某 meanng意味Remembertodo：记得要去做事情 ettodo忘记要去做某事 fetng忘记曾Regrettodo不得不去做某事 regretng后悔曾例：1、Theoldmanwalkedslowly,stopfrequentlytorest.2、Menwillneverstopsearchingfornewwaysofgettingnew3、Youhavebeentalkingfortwohours.Howlongdoyouintendtogoontalkinglikethat?4、Don’tfettoclosethewindowbeforeleavingtheing形式，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表BeingHavingHavingbeen、Arrivingforthelectureearlyisbetterthantakingthechanceofbeinglate.、AtschoolLiMingranintomanyproblems,suchaschoosingclassesandhandlinghistime.Findinganswerstothesequestionsissomethinglikeadetectivestory.（20121122）Whenheenteredtheroomhefoundacatlyingquietlyunderthedesk.（20130524）Theoldmanwasfoundlyingdeadonthefloor.Sb.befoundngFindsb.认、enjoyescfinishimaginemiss、practice、risk、suggest等。例：Weshallappreciatehearingfromyou(20111118)Themandeniedgoingintotheneighbor’sgarden.(20120555)PeopleappreciateworkingwithhimbecauseheagoodsenseofBeaccustomedtong（惯常的，于、beusedtong（，devotetong（把…奉献、feellikeng、lookforwardtong、object（）tong、can’thelpng、havetrouble（in）ng、havedifficultyng、haveahardtimeng等。(20111152)Iamusedtoreadingtheprafterlunch.(20120525)Hedidn’tfeellikeworkingthatday.(20131152)Idon’tfeellikegoingforaswimintheseabecausethewindisblowinghard.(20131146)Shelooksforwardeveryspringtowalkingintheflower-linedgarden.mindsb’sng(20130538)WouldyoumindmytakingaphotoofBebusyng，beworthng等。(20131133）Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusypreparingforher(20130555)Thereareonlytwothingsworthreadinginthe r—theTVlistingsandthesportspage.TheplaceisworthThereisnouse ng、thereisnopointng、thereisnogoodng、thereisnoneedng动名词的否定式是在动名词前面直接加not例：Johnsuggestednotsayinganythingaboutituntiltheyfoundoutmorefacts.、Hefotaboutmyaskinghimtoattendmywife’sbirthdayparty.、Iobjecttohismakingprivatecallsontheofficephone.8、动名词的完成时、Idon’trememberhavingeversaid、Iregrethavingdonesucha 、Nooneavoidbeinginfluencedby（、Susanwasveryunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedthe现在分词(-ing)theboilingwater（在沸腾的水）theexcitingBeingHavingBeingHaving Shewassittinginanarmchairreadingabook.现在分词表主Notknowinganythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkwell.Wekeptourfireburningallnighttofrightenthewolves.现在(20131143)MichaelJacksontraveledandsangallaroundtheworld,entertaininghisaudiencewithmusic,danceandfashion.(20121155)Walkingaloneinthedesert,thetravelerisbored.(20111129)Theirhousestandsatahilltop,overlookingtheriverdown(20111121)HavinglandedontheNewWorld,hefeltlike(20131131)Havingbeenfoundguilty,themanwasgivenaseveresentencebythejudge.Damagedinthewar,thebridgeneedsrepairingnow.Criticizedbytheteacherinclass,Johnfeltquitedepressedandkeptsilentthewholeevening.(20131139)Criticizedbyhisfriendforhismistake,Jimfeltvery、分词在句中的语能：分词在句子中可以做状语、例：Theyallreturnedtothevillageconvincedthatthedangerwasover.(20130543)Whencomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.、现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词的区别：在语能上，他们都可以做定语和表语，但是以eding形式结尾的Iaminterestedinthisinterestingbook.Iamexcitedattheexcitingmatch.Iamshocked(surprised)tolearntheshocking(surprising)、Shetoldmethatitwasthemostdelightinggiftherdaughterhadreceived.、Myparentsarepleasedwithmy、现在分词的式和过去分词的区别：现在分词的被动式（beingdone）表示在进行着的，过、Seeingonthetopofhill,wefindthatthevillageseemsverysmall.现在分词表主动做伴随状语。、SeenfromthetopofhillthevillageseemsveryTheinterviewershouldtakedownnotesatthe beinginterviewedanswersthequestions.Standingonthebankthechildrenwatchedtheshiploadedwithallkindsofgoods.（现在、Wefoundtheeggseatenbythesnake.发现鸡蛋（1）Feelingtiredafterahardworkshefellintobedandwentstraighttosleep.（2）Arrivingatthebusstop,hefoundalotofpeoplewaitingthere.分形成名词/代词+分词（n./pron.+ng/done）的形结构，当名词/代词与分词是逻辑上的主动关系时，用现在分词；当名词/代词是逻辑上的关系、Theplanecrasheditsbombsexplodingasithitthe、Weatherpermitting,we’llgototheSummerPalace.(20121151Weatherpermittingwe’llhavethematchtomorrow.(20120521Somanypeoplebeingabsentthemeetinghadtoput/动词不定式/形容词/with后、He acrossthemeetingroomwitheveryonelookingather.、Withtheoldmanleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthatmysterious、Withthenovelpublished,the esa.、Withthemattertobediscussedatthemeetingweleavethe、Withthepricesohightheystilldeterminetobuythe、Withthebookinthehand,theteachercamein第六节各种从句从句。名词性从句是三级英语考试的重点，应2、应对主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的题型，要牢，iDoyourememberthewords(thatItoldyoulasttime)?Doyouremember(whatIsaidtoyoulasttime)?Youhaven’tliveduptomyexpectationof(20120531)Hedidn’tliveuptowhathadbeenexpectedofhim.(20111123)Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntogointothedoctor’sAfteranhour[thatseemedendless],--(20131137)Thevisitorsfeltgreatlysurprisedatwhatheysawinthemuseum.、Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown.谁Itremainedunknownwholetoutthe、Whenwe’llstartisnotclear.（Itisnotclearwhen、WhatthepressreportedwasnotthewaytheCan lmewhatitisaboutthecitythatpeopleloveitso、Thisiswhathewants.这就是[他想要的]Thisissomething[thathe、Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.1ornot.我不知道我能否赶上末班车2)、引导主语从句：Whethertheywinorloseisallthesame、后跟不定式：He lmewhethertogoorstay.他、前面有介词：Heraisedthequestionofwhetherwefindthenecessarymoney.他提出能性定语从句和非限定性定语从句——紧跟在先行2、whichthat指物，whowhom指人，whose表示所、Thecompanyofficial(whoIthoughtwouldbefired)receivedaraise.、Theinvestigation,whoseresultswillsoonbewasmadeby、AnoldfriendfromabroadwhomIwasexpectingto ephonedmefromtheairport.(20111134)Hewillneverfetthedays[thathespentin(20120545)Thegoals(forwhichhehadfoughtallhislife)nolongerseemedimportanttohim.fightforsth.allone’s(20131136)Linda,whohaslivednextdoortomeabout10years,willmovetoanothercitysoon.PeoplewhowanttogotothelibrarymustsigntheirnameshereThosewhowanttogotothelibrarymustsigntheirnameshere.Whoeverwantstogotothelibrarymustsignhisnamehere.AnyonewhowantstogotothelibrarymustsignhisnameDoyouknowtheman(whomadeareportCanyoulendmethebookthatyoudiscussedyesterday?(2013)Heis manwhowalksonthe(20130534)Allthebooks,whichhadsomepicturesinthem,weresenttothelittlegirl.3when，where，why引导的定语从句：如果先行词是表示地点的名词，一般用where；如果先（20120538）IhavekeptthatportraitwhereIcanseeitevery（201216Haveisabiglake?（20130540）Thecity[whereIwasborn]isonthenewrailway主语部分相当于ThecityinwhichIwasborn或ThecitywhichIwasbornin（20110537）ThehouseinwhichIgrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.（20131147）Thereasonwhyhewasabsentfromschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.、Thetimewillcomewhenmancanflytoouterspace、Iwillneverfetthetenyears[whichwebothspentinthelittlevillage].、I’llneverfetthevillagewhereIspentmy 、I’llneverfetthevillagewhichIvisitedlast、Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidIdon’tknowthereasonforwhichhedidthat.Idon’tknowthereasonwhichhedidthat4、先行词也可以是整个句子，这时定语从句一般用、Hehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,which 、Hewasawardedagoldmedal,whichhiswholeconsideredagreat、Asweallknowtheearthis(20131135)Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildshewastoothers,which,ofcourse,madeothersjealous.(20121142)Asisgenerallybelieved,thereisnowateronAsisknownto(20111119)Ted contributedtohisgreatsuccess、We’vetestedthreehundredtypesofboot,nonewhichiscompleywater（、TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoofwhichareseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.前面作为先行词的人或物，形成“thesame…assuch…as例：Itwasn’tsuchagooddinnerasshehromisedthat而不用whichThisisthemostinterestingfilmthathasbeenshowninthistheater.、ThisistheverybikethatIamlooking例：Icouldn’tfindanythingthatsatisfiesmy例：Beforehermarriage,shespentaconsiderable（相当的timeinthatverypartofshanghaitowhichshebelonged.actnesidaopebithgtlnidne从句，that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，这是与、Wouldthenewsthathefailedtopasstheexambother（、Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我没有想到你会在这evehardly…whennosooner…thanassoonasthemoment/theminute（一…就…。、NosoonerhadtheygotthegoodscoveredupthanstartedrainingNosoonerdidhecomeintotheroomthan ephone、Shehaswantedto eanurseeversinceshewasayounggirl.常用if，unless，as/solongas,providedthat（假如）、UnlessI’mmistakenI’veseenthatman、Unlessyoureturnthosebookstothelibraryimmediayouwillhavetopayafine（交罚becausebecauseof：because是连词，引导原因、Hecannotgotoschoolbecauseheisill.、Hecannotgotoschoolbecauseofhis1though/although,as（尽管），evenif/though,however,wherever,whatever, how/where/what/who/whom等引导。Despite、inspiteof（尽管。、Inshort,whereverhelives,amanbelongsto（wherever引导让步状语，wherevernomatter、Whoeveryouare,youmustshowyourtickettogotheEvenifyoudisagreewithher,herideaisstill（、Youngasheisheknowswhatistherightthingto、Childasheisheknowsquitealotabout、Muchashelikesher,hegetsannoyed（打扰）with、Publishedasitwasatsuchatime,hisbookstillmucharewereis/was/，maths（，news（，means（方法）等虽然有S，貌似复数形式，但实则单、Thenewscomingfromdifferentpartsoftheworldisoftenextremelydiscouragingthesedays.（、Everymeanshasbeen（Whenandwherethenewhospitalwillbebuilt）remainsamystery.二、当主语是anumber+of+复数名词时，翻译为“若干、一、Thenumberoferrorsmadebyhimwas（、Anumberofcarsareparkedinfrontofmywith，including，paniedby，but等短语+名词（代词）做语成分时，不影响主谓一致关系。主语是单1Johnalongwithtwentyfriendsisplanninga（、NoonebutJaneandTomwasthere五、当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰而形成词用单数。Each与every修饰的名词为单数。（1（2）Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.（20130528）Oneithersideofthestreetwerestandingyoungboysandgirlsto ethe.六、当主语是由manyamorethanone+单数名词构成时，谓例：Manyasingeristoattendourevening[相当于Manysingersaretoattendourevening：（1）Two Sixthousanddollarsisalargesumofmoneytonotonly…butalso，either…or，neither…noror(20131124)NeitherhisfellowworkersnorTodhimselfagreestothesolutionputforwardbytheemployer.(20121142)IfprofessorJonesarrivestomorrow,eitheryouorIamtomeethimattheairport.（2）Neitheryourunkindwordsnoryourunfriendlyattitudehasoffendedme.Notonlyhebutalsohisfamilymembersareinterestedinfootballmatch.Thereisonebookandtwopensonthe九、在定语从句中，当前面的先行词是“oneof+复数名词”词是“the/theonlyoneof+复数名词”时，后面定语从句中的（2）Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotthebe动词要放置在主语的nomorenotonlynotuntilscarcelyrarelyseldom（罕见，atnotime,bynomeans,innoway,undernocircumstance,nosooner…than,hardly…when等。(20140534)Onno（20130511）Notasinglemistakedidhemakeinthetest.Hedidnotmakeasinglemistakeinthetest.(20131138)Onnoaccountcanthedriverbeheldresponsiblefortheaccident.（20121137）Nosoonerhadheenteredtheroomthantheephonerang.正常语序He ephone