2023学年Module1Europeperiod2-完整版课件

Module1EuropeGrammarandFunctionGRAMMAR1Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.TheSagradaFamiliawasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.Florence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartists.Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation.TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.(1)PASSIVEVOICEAboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeveryyear.TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear.LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa.Picassodidn’tpainttheMonaLisa.ThousandsofworkersbuilttheGreatWallofChina.

Makethefollowingsentencespassive.Florenceisvisitedbyamilliontouristseveryyear.Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.TheMonaLisawasnotpaintedbyPicasso.TheGreatWallwasbuiltbythousandsofworkers.语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态(PassiveVoice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be+v-ed形式。动词的被动语态由于语态是动词的一种形式，它只表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系，它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式，因此，被动语态形式的句子，仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所

以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。1．被动语态的构成be+v-ed1）一般现在时am/is/are+v-edYou'rewantedonthetelephone.

有人给你打电话。2）一般过去时was/were+v-edThebookwasfinishedlastweek.

这书是上周写完的。3）一般将来时willbe+v-edYou'llbeallowedtogoouttomorrow.

明天让你出去。4）现在进行时和过去进行时

①Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.

这幢楼正在建设之中。②Thebikeswerebeingrepaired.

那时正在修自行车。5）现在完成时和过去完成时①Thisbookhasbeentranslatedinto

English.这本书已被译成英语。②Thecarhadbeenrepaired.

这时汽车已修完了。2．被动语态的用法1)

我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执

行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。

Thebookiswrittenforteachers.

这种书是为教师写的。2)

动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带

由by引起的短语)。

Theshopisrunbyayoungman.

这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。3)出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动

作的执行者是谁。Itisgenerallyconsiderednotadvisable

tosmokehere.

一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。4)

被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排。LiuDehuaappearedonthestageand

waswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.

刘德华在台上出现，观众给予了热烈的掌声。

3.学习、使用被动语态应注意下面几点1)

短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。Thesebooksmustbetaken

goodcare

of.

这些书必须好好保管。Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

孩子们受到了良好的护理。2)带双宾语的动词的被动语态：(give,send,take,bring,teach,tell,offer,

sing,buy,promise,make,write,ask,

lend,show,pay等)将其中一个宾语变成主

语，另一个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词

宾语，作状语。Wegavehim

somepicture-books.→Hewasgivensomepicture-books.→Somepicture-booksweregiventohim.

我们给他一些图画书。3)

情态动词的被动语态：和shall或will一样。Wecandivideanatom.→Anatomcanbedivided.原子是可分的。4)有些动词主动语态形式表示被动语态如：sell,wash,draw,keep,prove,clean,run,

wear,cook,read,smoke,cut,burn等。Thebooksellswell.

这本书畅销。Silkwearswell.

丝耐穿。Thisclothwasheswell.

这种布料耐洗。4.Practice:1．—“TownHallisthetallestbuilding

inthecity.”

—“______fromhere?”A.Canitsee B.CanitbeseenC.Canbeseenit D.Cansee答案B。TownHall(市政厅)应当是被看

见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因这是一个

问句，故选B。2．—“Theceremonyhasalready

started.”—“Look!Theflagis______now.”A．beingraised

B．risenC．beingrose

D．raising答案A。risevi.升起，不能有被动形式，

故B,C不能选用。raisevt.举起，升起。

后要接宾语，故D不适用。beingraised

正在被升起，正符合题意。3．Theassassination

attempt______

millions,becausethespeechwason

television.A.wasseenby B.wassawbyC.seenby

D.wasseenfor答案A。assassination暗杀。根据题意：

暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。4.Thethingstalkedaboutinthisreport

______overa

yearago.

A.hadtakenplace

B.tookplaceC.havetakenplace

D.weretakenplace答案B。takeplace,occur,happen发生，均为不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。5．Theanti-JapaneseWar______

in

1937andit______

eightyears.A．wasbrokenout;lastedB．brokeout;lastedC．breakout;lastsD．brokeout;waslasted答案B。breakout,last均为不及物动词

（短语），没有被动语态。6．Comeandsitdownbythefire.

Yourhand______.A．feelssocold

B．isfeltsocoldlyC．feelssocoldly

D．feelsocold答案A。feel（摸起来有……的感觉）seem,

sound,look等作为系动词使用，系表结构没

有被动语态。7．Ineedonemorestampbeforemy

collection

______.A．hascompleted

B．completesC．hasbeencompleted

D．iscompleted我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。答案D。before引导的时间状语从句中

用现在时表示将来，而collection与

complete之间为被动关系。8．Insomepartsoftheworld,tea

______withmilkandsugar.A．isserving

B．isservedC．serves

D．served在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶

和蔗糖。答案B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常

用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选

择。serve意思是“供给”或

“送上”，

此处应用被动语态。9．He'llbeanastronautbythetimehe

______thirty.A．is

B．hadbeenC．willbe

D．isgoingtobe到他三十岁时，他就会成为一名宇航员。答案A。主句中用的是一般将来时，

bythe

time引导时间状语从句中用现

在时态表示将来。10.Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,

people______

shouttobeheard

evenatthedinnertable20years

fromnow.A．arenotkept;willhavetoB．arenotkept;havetoC．donotkeep;willhavetoD．donotkeep;haveto如果对城市的噪声不加以控制，二十年后

甚至在餐桌上人们将不得不大声叫嚷才能

使对方听见。

答案A。If从句中，“噪声被加以控制”

需用被动语态，答案为A或B。主句

中时间状语为“从现在起二十年后”，

要用将来时表示，所以答案为A。11.Thewaterwillbefurtherpolluted

unlesssomemeasures______.

A.willbetaken

B.aretakenC.weretaken

D.hadbeentaken如果不采取措施，河水将会进一步受到污染。

答案B。主句中为一般将来时，unless

引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将

来，而“措施”应该是

“被采取”，用被

动语态。12.Goodcaremust______babies

particularlywhiletheyareill.A.take

B.takeofC.betaken

D.betakenof婴儿必须得到精心的照顾，尤其是在他们

生病时。答案D。takecareofbabies意为“照看

婴儿”。句子主语为care，谓语动词必

须用被动语态，所以答案为D。高考链接1.Experimentsofthiskind_______inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.（北京）A.haveconducted B.havebeenconducted C.hadconducted D.hadbeenconducted2.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam_____fourdayslater.(上海)rescued B.wasrescued C.hasrescuedD.hadbeenrescued高考链接3.Allvisitorstothisvillage_____withkindness.（四川）

treatB.aretreatedC.aretreatingD.hadbeentreated高考链接4.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_____allovertheword.（天津）A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced高考链接Myfamily

livesinCardiff.Oursoccerteam

isfantastic.Thewholeclass

ishere.NeitherAmynorHelen

isEnglish.Noneofthem

hasarrivedyet.Eachofthem

hasacapitalcity.Neitherofthem

isEnglish.(2)SUBJECTANDVERBAGREEMENTGRAMMAR2Thepolice

aresearchingforhim.Somesheepareoverthere.Fiveminutes

isenoughtodothisexercise.Morethanonestudent

hasseenthisfilm.Manyaship

hasbeendamagedinthestorm.Menofthiskind

aredangerous.Betweenthetwowindowshangs

apicture.“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。1.

由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。

The

workerandwriter

is

fromBeijing.(那个工人兼作家…)

Theworkerandthewriter

are

fromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)Breadandbutter

is

adailyfoodintheWest.BothCathyandherdaughterLinda

have

gonefishinginCanada.

常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：theneedleandthread针线

saltandwater盐和水

thefolkandknife刀叉

ironandsteel钢铁timeandtide岁月2.everyoneof,oneof,eachof,eitherof,neitherof+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

Eachofthestudentshasabook.

Eachofthegirls

likesdancing.

Oneofthem

hasbeenabroad.

Neitherofthetwoboys

isgoodat

English."oneof＋复数名词＋定语从句"结构如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有theonly,thefirst,thelast,theright等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。Johnistheonlyoneofthestudents

whohasthekeys.Johnisoneofthestudents

whohavethekeys.3.morethanone,manya+单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复)Morethanonestudenthastried.Manyastudentandteacheriswatchingthefootballmatch.Manyamanhasdiedinthewar.4.

each/every/no/manya+单数名词

and

each/every/no/manya+单数名词

作主语，谓语动词用单数。Eachbookand

eachpaperisfound

initsplace.Everyboyand

everygirlhastheright

toreceiveeducation.Many

aboyand

manyagirlhasseen

thesepainting.Everyhourandminuteisimportant.第二个each,every,no,manya可以省略。5.

a+单数名词+andahalf，a+单数名词+ortwo

作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Ayearandahalfhaspassed.

Adayortwoisenough.oneortwo+复数名词,oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。Oneortwoboysknowit.OneandahalfmonthshavepassedsinceIsawhim.AmonthandahalfhaspassedsinceIsawhim.

noneof...结构作主语指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。Noneofthemoneyisyours.Noneofushave／haseverbeenabroad.6.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。

Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.7.“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数;“许多”“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“…的数量”Thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasincreased.Anumberofchildren

likethissong.thequantityof+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数。aquantityof+复数名词,谓语用复数。

aquantityof+不可数名词,谓语用单数.quantitiesof+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。8.Quantity/iesof+名词复数/不可数名词Quantitiesoftea

weresoldlastmonth.Alargequantityofbeer

wassoldout.Thequantityofbooksinthelibraryisamazing.9.population做主语指人口,谓语用单数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数/百分数+ofthepopulation做主语，谓语用复数。Thepopulationofthevillageis538.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.10.theOlympicGames,theAsianGames做主语，谓语用复数。TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.half

most

enough

part

therest

thelast

lots

some

plenty

分数

百分数+of+名词作主语谓语动词要和of

之后的名词保持一致。11.Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentare

againsttheplan.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthis

coveredbysea.3.Overtwentypercentofthecity

was

destroyedinthewar.4.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctors

were

women.5.Only40percentofthestudentsintheclassareboys.12.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,majority,crew,audience,government,public,group,committee等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。Hisfamily

isinHarbin.Hisfamily

aremusiclovers.Thecommitteewasmadeupof10members.Thecommitteewereinthehall.

Thisclass

consistsof45students.Mr.Greenteachesit．Thisclass

arealldiligent.Mr.Greenteachesthem.Theteam

isthebestintheleague．

这个队在联赛中打得最好。

Thefootballteam

arehavingbaths．

足球队队员们在洗澡。

1．Hisfamily_______asmallone．2．Hisfamily_______fatandshort．

A.is,is B.are,are

C.is,are D.are,is此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：

1.

有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry诗歌，baggage／luggage行李，furniture家俱，scenery景色等。2.

有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。3.goods,clothes,glasses,shoes,scissors及trousers,chopsticks,compasses等以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语用复数；4.news,politics,maths,physics,plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。ThegoodsbelongtoMr.Wang.Nonewsisgoodnews.Mytrousersarenew.13.“the＋adj./v-ed/v-ing”作主语

the+

dying,young,old,blind,rich,sick,wounded,poor及dead等词，相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用复数。TheoldinChinaarelivingahappylife.Thewounded

havebeensaved.Thesick

havebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.14.

表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。

Eighthoursofsleep

isenough.

Ahundredmilesisalongdistance.

Tenpounds

wasmissingfrommypocket.Twentyyears

haspassedsincehelefthishometown.15.动名词、不定式、从句做主语1).单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。Makingspeeches

isnotherstrongpoint.Growingflowers

needsconstantwatering.2).

由and连接的两个(或多个)动名词或不定式作主语如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数；如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。Lyingandstealing

arenotright.Toloveandtobeloved

issweettome.Weepingandwailing

doesnothingtowardssolvingtheproblem.3).

由that,where,when,whether,how等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式。Howtheycanfinishtheirwork

isstillunknown.Wherewewillgo

hasnotbeendecided.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting_____notdecided.Whentoholdthemeetingandwheretohavelunch_____notdecided.isare4.)

由what引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数(表语是复数时也可用复数)；如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语用复数。Whattheyareafterismoney.Whatwewantare／ispromises.Whathesaysand(whathe)doesdonotagree.16.由…or…,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…,not…but…

等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致-就近原则。

Notonly

he

butalso

I

aminvited.Ior

hisbrothersweretoblame.Neither

I

nor

he

istoattendthe

meeting.Notonly

thestudents

butalso

their

teacher

isenjoyingthefilm.NotonlyIbutJaneandMary_____

tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be析:由“or,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,notonly…butalso”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。17.当therebe/herebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

1.

Thereisapen,aknifeandseveral

booksonthedesk..2.

Therearetwentyboy-studentsand

twenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.3.

Hereisaletterandabookforyou.4.

Therearethreechairs,twotablesand

abikeinthehouse.18.主语后跟

“with,

alongwith,togetherwith,

like,

unlike,

besides,

but,

except,

including,

aswellas,

asmuchas,

ratherthan,

morethan,

nolessthan,

andnot+名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。1.

Theteacher

withanumberofstudents

isintheclassroom.2.

Tom,asmuchasyou,wasresponsiblefortheloss.3.

He

morethanyouisanxioustogothere.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift．A.isoffered

B.hasofferedC.areoffered

D.haveoffered19.谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople．A.isB.are

C.isbeingD.arebeing此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：Thesetwodictionaries

areapresentformybestfriendJim．Theplanets

weretheobjectofhisstudy．ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks．Thecountry'sleadingexport

iswatches．Thebestpartofthemeal

isthecoffeeandcookies．但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数）：1． a．Whoisyourbrother？

b．Whoareyourbrothers？2． a．Whathesaidisquitecorrect．

b．Whatheleftmeareonlyafew

oldbooks．1.______youorhetheteacherof

English?Neithermysisternormymother

______presentatthemeeting.A.Are,wasB.Is,wereC.Are,areD.Is,isDoSomeExercises2.Whenandwheretobuildthenew

factory______yet.(全国)

A.isnotdecided

B.arenotdecided

C.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。3.I,notyou,______inthewrong.

NotIbuthe______beeninvited.

A.were,haveB.were,has

C.was,hasD.was,have4.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____

animportantpartindaily

communication.A.isplaying B.haveplayedC.areplaying D.play5.Oneortwodays____enoughtosee

thecity．

A.isB.areC.amD.be6.NeithermywifenorImyself____able

topersuademydaughtertochange

hermind．

A.isB.areC.amD.be7.Nottheteacher,butthestudents

____lookingforwardtoseeingthe

film．

A.isB.areC.amD.be8.His“SelectedPoems”____first

publishedin1965.A.were B.was

C.hasbeen D.havebeen9.Awomanwithsomechildren______

soon．

A.iscoming B.arecoming C.hascome D.havecome10.Nooneexceptmyparents____

anythingaboutthis。

A.know B.knows C.isknown D.areknownNooneknowsanythingaboutthisexceptmyparents.11.Theteacheraswellasthestudents

______thebookalready．

A.hasread B.havereadC.arereading D.isreading12.Allbutone____intheaccident．

A.waskilled B.werekilledC.willbekilled D.arekilledAllwerekilledintheaccidentbutone.13.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,

butanumberofthem___absentfor

differentreasons.A.were;was B.was;was

C.was;were D.were;were14.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____

coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are15.Mathematics____thelanguageof

science.A.isB.aregoingtobeC.areD.were16.Agooddealofmoney____spenton

books.A.have B.has

C.havebeen D.hasbeen17.Onthewall____twolargeportraits.

A.hangs B.hang

C.hanged D.hanging18.“____turngreeninspring. A.Leaf B.Leafs

C.Leave D.Leaves19.NobodybutJane____thesecret. A.know B.knows C.haveknown D.isknown20.Allbutone____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were21.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,

alarge_____ofdesert____covered

theland.A.number;has B.quantity;has

C.number;have D.quantity;have22.Everyboyandeverygirlaswellas

someteacherswho____tovisitthe

museum___askedtobeatthe

schoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.A.are;are B.is;is

C.are;is D.is;are1.—Howaretheteamplaying?—They’replayingwell,butoneofthem__hurt.（北京春）

A.gotB.getsC.areD.were真题解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态的用法。首先从主谓一致入手，oneofthem为单数主语，可以先排除C和D；根据句意，“有个人受伤了”应该是一般过去时，因此答案为A。2.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.（上海）

A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have真题解析：本题考查名词的修饰和主谓一致问题。alargenumberof修饰可数名词，所以先排除A的C项；desert为不可数名词，后面的谓语动词应该用单数has，所以正确答案是B。3.Allthepreparationsforthetask____,andwearereadytostart.(全国春)A.completed

B.complete

C.hadbeencompleted

D.havebeencompleted真题解析：本题考查名词的主谓一致。首先，根据句意“所有的准备工作都已经做完了，我们准备开始做。”可见此处应该用现在完成时；其次，preparations为复数，即主语为复数，所以用have，故正确答案为D。4.ItoldhimwhatIwassurprised_________hisattitudetowardshisstudy.(春季上海卷)is

B.was

C.atis

D.atwas真题解析：本题考查主谓一致、固定搭配和从句时态的问题。besurprisedat为固定搭配，at不能省略，它后面的宾语是what；whatIsurprisedat充当told后面宾语从句的主语，是一个what引导的名词性句子，后面的谓语动词应该用单数，且和主句用一般过去时，从句对应也要用过去时。因此，正确答案是D。5.Everypossiblemeans_______topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.(上海春)A.isused

B.areused

C.hasbeenused

D.havebeenused真题解析：本题考查主谓一致和时