中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧日期：20xx年X月中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧(潘永红)中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧潘永红1通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系然后才能猜词有时文章借助关联词如becauseassinceforsothusasaresultofcoursetherefore等等表示前因后果例如Youshouldnthaveblamedhimforthatforitwasnthisfault通过for引出的句子所表示的原因那不是他的错可猜出blame的词义是"责备"2通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组如happyandgay即使我们不认识gay这个词也可以知道它是愉快的意思二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenusMarsandJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships此句中的Venus金星Mars火星Jupiter木星均为生词但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域通过反义词猜词一是看表转折关系的连词或副词如butwhilehowever等二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语如Heissohomelynotatallashandsomeashisbrother根据notatallhandsome我们不难推测出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思3通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时我们总会遇上一些新词汇有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用此时如掌握了一些常用的词根前缀后缀等语法知识这些问题便不难解决了4通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如ButsometimesnorainfallsforalonglongtimeThenthereisadryperiodordrought从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干旱的时期即drought由此可见drought意思为"久旱""旱灾"而adryperiod和drought是同义语这种同义或释义关系常由isorthatisinotherwordsbecalled或破折号等来表示5通过句法功能来推测词义例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas假如pineapples和coconuts是生词我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思从句中不难看出pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同类关系同属fruit类因此它们是两样水果准确地说是菠萝和椰子6通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写例如ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPoleItisfatandwalksinafunnywayAlthoughitcannotflyitcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性短文改写填空型阅读理解题的解答技巧是首先通读全文对文章的大意有个初步的了解同时找出文章中的关键句在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点然后纵览缩写后的短文在了解其大意的同时确定所要填写的内容即词语或短语是否与已知文段中的相一致填写时一定要仔细比如有的属于固定搭配有的句子是文中原句的同义句这些只要稍加注意就可避免出错同时还要注意动词时态人称名词单复数是否有误首字母是否大写句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等最后将改写后的文章再通读一遍看看改写后的短文是否流畅语句是否通顺同时还要照顾到原文看改写后的短文是否与原文意思相符合MygrandfatherwasateacherHewastheheadmasterofaschoolforboysbetweentheagesofthirteenandeighteenIknowthathewasakindmanbecausewhenIwasyoungandhewasoldhegavemepresentsandsatmeonhiskneesandtoldmestoriesButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraidofhimAtschoolwhenhewalkedintoaroomfullofnoisyboystheystoppedtalkingatonceWhenhelookedataboywithacertain某种lookinhiseyesthatboywasredinthefaceandlookeddownathisshoesIfaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherpickeduptheboysbookandthrewitacrosstheroomshoutingDoitallagainandbringitbackfirstthinginthemorningIftheboywaslateorifheforgottobringhisworkhehadtodoitagainandagainandyetagainMygrandfatherneverforgotAtschoolhewasverydifferentfromthemanIsawdaybydayinhisownhome根据短文内容改写每个空格只限填写一个单词WhenIwasyoungIstudiedata1schoolWewereall2thirteenandeighteenOurheadmasterwas3oldmanHewaskindbutallof4wereafraidofhimForexamplewewereplayingtalkingandlaughing5hecameinatoncetheclassroombecamequietIfaboydidnt6hishomeworkwellorcarefullyhewouldbevery7andaskedtheboytodoitagainand8Buthis9toldheneverdidthings10thatathome1boys答案就在短文的第一句话之中但要注意词形的转换这里要用名词所有格形式

2between文章第一句中的ofaschoolforboysbetweentheagesofthirteenandeighteen是答案的依据

3an这个小题比较简单用不着联系短文内容仅凭语法知识就能解答old以元音音素开头所以填写不定冠词an

4us由ButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraidofhim可知孩子们都害怕他短文是以第一人称的口吻写的而改写的短文则是以学生们的身份写的弄清了这一点此空即能做出

5when短文第二自然段开头的那句话同样是一个以when引导的时间状语从句

6do／finish由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelesswork这句话不难联想到是学生没有认真做完成作业7angry由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherwouldpickuptheboysbookandthrowitacrosstheroomshouting这句话可知如果某个男孩没有很好地完成作业祖父就会把那位学生的书本扔到外面并大声训斥他重做显然祖父是因为生气了才这么做的

8again由Iftheboywaslateorifheforgottobringtheworkhewouldhavetodoitagainandagainandyetagain这句话可以确定此空要填写again一词

9grandson原文是从theheadmaster的孙子的角度写爷爷在学校与在家里的不同表现的联系第一自然段和AtschoolhewasverydifferentfromthemanIsawdaybydayinhisownhome这句话可知填写grandson是最恰当的

10like通常全文可知作者想表达的意思是祖父在学校里的表现与在家中的表现截然不同换言之则是祖父在学校的表现从来都不象在家中的样子由此可以得出这里要填介词like像一样InthefuturemachineswillbeimprovedanddomoreandmoreworkformanFewpeoplehavetoworkforlonghoursManwillhavemoretimeforleisureHowwillheusethisleisureintheworldoftomorrowCertainlyhewillstillneedholidaysInthefuturethecomputerwillhelppeopletofindtherightplaceThecomputerwillaskthemquestionswhichtheywillanswerbypressingabuttonIt抣lalsoshowthempicturesandtheywillsaywhichonestheylikethenthecomputerwilltellthemwgheretofindtheplacetheywantforholidayTVwillbeusedmoreineducationItwillalsohelppeopletousetheirleisuretimewellTherewillbemoreprogrammesonhowtomakeandhowtodothingsInthefuturepeoplewillcertainlyhavetodolessworkMachineswilltakemoreandmoreworkfrommanThismeansthattherestofthetimewillbemostlyleisuretimeSomescientistssaythatmanofthefuturewillbeabletogetenoughpleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithoutgoinganywhereAccordingtootherscientistsamanwillputonasmallcapThecapwillmakehimseefeelandhearallkindsofenjoyablethings根据短文内容完成下列各题1Inthefuture_____willdomoreandmoreworkformansomanwilldo_____work2Peoplewillspendmoretime__________inthefuture3__________canhelpustofindtheplacewherewewanttospendourholiday4TVwillbemoreusefulin_____andhelppeopleusetheir_____timewell5Peoplewillliveanenjoyablelife_____going_____1machinesless由第一段可知在将来机器会代替人类做更多的工作所以人类的工作会更少2forleisureenjoyingthemselves由第一段Manwillhavemoretimeforleisure一句可知人们将会有更多的时间休息3Thecomputer由第三段可知电脑将会帮助人类找到他们想要度假的地方4educationleisure由文中TVwillbeusedmoreineducationItwillalsohelppeopletousetheirleisuretimewell两句中得到答案5withoutanywhere在文章最后一段Somescientistssaythatmanofthefuturewillbeabletogetenoughpleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithoutgoinganywhere中可得知答案Incourt法庭thejudgeaskstheboynamedHenrysomequestionsJudgeCanyoutellushowtheaccidenthappenedHenryYessirThefarmerdroveveryfastwhenImetwithhimHiscarknockedmedownandhurtmyarmJudgeTothefarmerWasthatrightFarmerNosirButitrainedheavilyandIcouldntdrivefastJudgeSoyoudontthinkyouknockedhimdownFarmerYesIdidButIdidntseehimmendinghisbikeinthemiddleoftheroadJudgeWellDidyousendhimtoahospitalFarmerYesButthedoctorsaidtherewasnothingserioustohimJudgeToHenryDoyouagreewithhimHenryYessirButmyleftarmoftenhurtsandIcantliftitatallJudgeCouldyoushowushowyoucanliftitnowHenrySureSlowlytheboyliftshisarmbelowhisnoseJudgePoorboyAndhowhighcouldyouliftitbeforetheaccidentHenryOhIcouldliftitveryhighlikethisHoldinghisleftarmupoverhisheadJudgeButIdontthinktheressomethingwrongwithyourarmHenryIISoitisButmylawyer律师tellsmetodoso根据上面的对话在短文的空白处填写一个适当的词使短文内容与对话意思相符Ithappenedona1_________dayAboynamedHenrywas2_________hisbikeontheroadwhileafarmers3______knockedhimdownThefarmersenthimtoahospitalandthedoctorsaidnothing4________happenedtotheboyButhisparentshopedtheboycouldbepaidmore5_________foritTheyaskedforalawyers6_______Thelawyertaughttheboy7______tosayincourtHenrytoldthejudgehisarmhurtandthathecouldnt8________itupThejudgeaskedhimtoshowittohimHecouldliftitbelowhisnoseThejudgeaskedhimhow9_______hecouldliftitbeforetheaccidentTheboy10___________whatthelawyersaidandlifteditoverhisheadDeareditor

Iamnotagood-lookingboyandIamnotgoodatstudyingeitherSomepeopledontevenwanttotalktomeSoIusuallyfeellonelySometimesIthinkthatifIwanttoleavehomenobodywillcareHowcanIstopfeelinglikethis

Peter

DearPeter

ButfirstIamsurethatyouarewrongthatnobodywillcareifyouleaveyourhomeWhataboutyourparentsAndotherfamilymembersItseemsthatyouareverysadYoudbettergotoseeadoctorortalktoyourparentsTheycanhelpyouSecondImsuretheressomeoneinyourclasswhofeelslonelytooYouneverknowhowotherpeoplefeelinsideTrytomakefriendswiththemOryoujoinaclubtomeetnewpeopleandtokeepyourselfbusyYouneedtofindhappinessinyourselfWritealistofallthegoodthingsaboutyourselfLearntolikeyourselfandthenotherswillseeyourconfidence信心andlikeyoutoo

Editor

1Peterisntgoodatandhefeels__________

2Hewritestotheeditortoaskfor_______becausehewantsto_______feelinglonely

3IfPeterjoinsaclubhecannewpeopleandkeepbusy

4Theeditorsuggests建议thatTomshouldtalktoaandhis

5Peterislackof缺少andheneedstofind________inhimself

1studyinglonely2helpstop3meethimself4doctorparents5confidencehappinessOnceEiteigavealectureinmanyplaceinAmerica．Hisdriveralwaylistenedtohimandknewthelecturesowellthathewassurehecouldgiveithimself．SoEiteiagreedthatthedrivergavethelecturehim．NobodyknewEiteitherethedrivergavethelectureforEiteith