2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号42

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

问题1选项

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比较级。even,still修饰表示级，意为“更……”，little的比较级为less，因此选B。

句意：他数学懂得很少，化学懂得更少了。

2.单选题

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcompositionpublication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe'veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeopledrawnbytheauthoris（

）.

2.Theauthor'sbiggestconcernis

（

）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis

（

）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofproseorpoemis（

）.

问题1选项

A.fairlyright

B.ratherbleak

C.veryimpressive

D.quiteencouraging

问题2选项

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

问题3选项

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

问题4选项

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我几乎没有必要引证所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）可知B选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关）可知D选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人认为，近80%的受过良好教育的青少年，在没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴下就无法阅读）和thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而在这种边阅读边在背景的干扰下进行理解的新方法使人们不可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解）可知C选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里）可知A选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。

3.单选题

Ithoughttheboatonlyheldsix.Howdidyou（

）sevenseats?

问题1选项

A.reserve

B.deserve

C.preserve

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，预约，保留”；deserve意为“应得，应受”；preserve意为“保护，保存”；reverse意为“使反转，颠覆”。

句意：我以为这船上只能载六个人。你怎么预定了七个位置呢？

4.单选题

Threeyearsago,FrenchentrepreneurGaryCigewashelpingafriendhangamirrorinhiscountryhousewhentheyrealizedtheyneededadrill.Butwheretogetone?Buyingonewouldcost150Euros,ahugewasteconsideringtheyneededitforonlyhalfanhour.AndsinceitwasSunday,everyrentalshopwouldbeclosed.YetasCigerealized,theywerelikelysurroundedbydrills.Oddsare,atleastoneofhisfriend’sneighborshadadrillthatwassittingidle.Whywasn’ttheresomeeasywaytofindadrilltorent—forjustafewbucks?

Propelledbythatidea,CigecofoundedZilok,astartupthatofferspreciselythisservice:Peoplepostpossessionsthey’rewillingtorentout,alongwithaprice.Cige’sWebsiteprocessesthefee,tracksthereputationofyourrentingpartner,and—inFrance—evenissuesinsuranceforyouritem.Aftertwoyearsinbusiness,Zilokhas150,000itemslisted,with6,000transactionsamonth,andit’sthefastest-growingrenterofcarsinFrance.

Peertopeerrenting—andsimilarservices—hasboomedinthepastfewyears.SomeworklikeZilok,whileothersletpeopleexchangethingstheyown(suchasbookandCDsatSwaptree).Afewevenletyoutakeadvantageofspacethat’slyingfallow,likeSharedEarth,wherelandownershookupwithgardeners.

Inessence,we’reseeinganewrelationshiptoproperty—whereaccesstrumpsownership.We’reusingbitstohelpusshareatoms.Thegeniusofthesesitesisthattheymakeavirtueofmodernsociety’secologicalsin:oversupply.Indevelopedcountries,we’reprosperousbuthorriblywasteful.Webuytonsofthingsweuserarely—andwhichsitunusedinbasementsandstoragelockers.

Peerrentingandsharingis,ofcourse,anoldidea.Butitnevertookoffbefore,forlogisticalreasons;itwastoohardtoconnectmillionsofrenterstoowners.TheInternet’sBayesianabilitytomakemarketssolvedthatproblem.Thenetalsoprovidescrucialglue,asthenewstartupZimrideproves.Ride-sharingsystemshavehistoricallypeteredoutbecauseitcanbekindofcreepytopickupstrangers.Soinstead,ZimrideletspeoplesharerideswithfriendsoffriendsfromFacebookthrougheitherFacebookConnectornetworksitsetsupforindividualorganizations.“Thelimitingfactorbeforewastrust,”ZimridecofounderLoganGreensays,“andFacebooksolvedthat.”

Besidestheenvironmentalbenefits,thereareeconomicones.SomeusersofZilokmakemorethan$1,000amonthcirculatingtheirpossessions.Granted,it’snotenoughtoquityourdayjob,butalittleextradoughforalmostnoeffortneverhurts.

Aspeer-to-peerrentingandswappingevolves,toolslikegeolocationandmicropaymentscouldmakeitevensmootherandmoreubiquitous.RachelBotsman,coauthorofWhat’sMineIsYours—anewbookthatdocuments“collaborativeconsumption”—envisionsaworldinwhicheveryone’sstuffreportsitsstatusinrealtime:Whereistherightnow?Isitavailableforusebysomeoneelse?

Yourpropertycouldcirculatefordaysormonths,makingyourmoneyinsteadofmoldinginyourgarage“We’refacingarevolutioninthewaywethinkofownership,”Botsmansays.Or,toputitotherway,yourdrillmaybemydrill,too.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofZilok?

3.Peer-to-peerrentingessentiallyfeatures

（

）.

4.ItcanbeconcludedthatthesuccessofZimridemainlyliesintheabilityof（

）.

问题1选项

A.bringingupahypothesis

B.givinganexample

C.tracingbacktheorigin

D.makingacomparison

问题2选项

A.Itisresponsibleforpricingtheitemsforrent.

B.ItoffersthefastestcarrentalservicesinFrance.

C.Itprovidesinsuranceforvaluableitemsrented.

D.Itdevelopsvigorouslyinthepastfewyears.

问题3选项

A.flexibleownership

B.awiderangeofservices

C.high-techmarketing

D.ecologicalconservation

问题4选项

A.persuadingpeopletosharerides

B.establishingtrustamongstrangers

C.buildingavastinterpersonalnetwork

D.findingsufficientpotentialcustomers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的第一句Threeyearsago,FrenchentrepreneurGaryCigewashelpingafriendhangamirrorinhiscountryhousewhentheyrealizedtheyneededadrill.（三年前，法国企业家GaryCige帮助一位朋友在他的乡村别墅挂一面镜子，这时他们意识到自己需要一个钻头）和最后一句Whywasn’ttheresomeeasywaytofindadrilltorent—forjustafewbucks?（为什么找不到一个简单的方法来租钻头——只要几元钱呢？）可知作者通过讲述GaryCige创立Zilok的起源来介绍他的主题，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Peoplepostpossessionsthey’rewillingtorentout,alongwithaprice.（人们把他们愿意出租的财产连同价格一起贴出来）可知与A选项“它负责定价物品的租金”不符；由第二段中的it’sthefastest-growingrenterofcarsinFrance（它拥有的汽车租赁用户数量增加最快）可知与B选项“它提供法国最快的汽车租赁服务”不符；由第二段中的and—inFrance—evenissuesinsuranceforyouritem.（并且在法国甚至可以给你出租的物品上保险）可知与C选项“它为租用的贵重物品提供保险”不符；通过排除法，因此选D。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的whileothersletpeopleexchangethingstheyown.（而让人们可以交换他们自己的东西）和第四段中的Inessence,we’reseeinganewrelationshiptoproperty—whereaccesstrumpsownership.（从本质上讲，我们看到的是一种新的财产关系——在这种关系中，使用权高于所有权）可推测面对面租赁最本质的特征是灵活的所有权，因此选A。

4.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的ZimrideletspeoplesharerideswithfriendsoffriendsfromFacebook...Thelimitingfactorbeforewastrust.（Zimride让人们和来自社交网络上的朋友分享骑行……以前，限制因素是信任）可推测Zimride的成功主要在于它打破了之前陌生人之间的不信任，因此选B。

5.单选题

Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.

问题1选项

A.correspondence

B.equation

C.proportion

D.dimension

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。correspondence意为“一致，符合”；equation意为“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意为“份额，比例”，inproportionto意为“与……成比例，与……相称”；dimension意为“尺寸，规模”。

句意：相对于它的尺寸来说，我认为大修这个设备所花的费用并不过分。

6.单选题

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

问题1选项

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。takeon意为“承担，接受，雇用”；takeup意为“开始从事”；takeout意为“取出，除去”；takeover意为“接收，接管”。

句意：他的衬衫工厂发展很快，以至于他必须雇佣更多的工人。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

DuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.

Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservationbutalsoawillingnesstobecreative;thismayentaillookingbeyondexistingparadigmsgoverningresearchinagivenareaofstudy.

Practitionersexplicitlyinterpretwhattheyobserve,andoftencategorizetheirdataafterthedatacollectionprocessiscompleteandfromtheperspectivesofthepeopletheyobserving.

Thesubjectofsocialscienceinquiryispatternedsocialregularities.Asearchfortheseregularitiesshowsthatmosthumanbehavior,frombigandmomentousactstosmallandinsignificantones,ispatterned.

WallStreetislivingonborrowedtime.SincetheOctober1987crashsecuritiestradinghasbeendepressed,retailinvestorshavehurriedoutofstocksandtheissueofnewsharestockshasbeendecreasedsharply.

Infact,thecollationoftheselistshasbeenenoughtopulldownourvanity;forthemoreonelooksatwhatisavailableinanunfamiliarfield,themoreurgent,thedesireonefeelstoabandontheaffectationsoftheeditorandassumethemodestythestudent.

Ofalltheareasoflearning,themostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customsbeliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.

Whilepopulationswerelowandstablelittlepermanentdamagewasdone,butwithasteadyincreaseinthesizeandnumberofhumancommunitiestheforestandsoilhavelittletimetorecover.

【答案】在过去的四十年里，西方渔业科学家研究了鱼类种群的动态，目的是确定渔获量与鱼类数量之间的关系。

显然，科学不仅包括仔细观察，而且还要乐于创新；这可能需要超越现有的在某一特定领域管理研究的模式。

从业者明确解释他们所观察到的内容，并且通常在数据收集过程完成后，从他们观察到的人的角度对他们的数据进行分类。

社会科学探究的对象是模式化的社会常规。对这些常规的调查显示了大多数人类的行为都是模式化的，从重大的行为到微小的行为。

华尔街以借来的时间为生。自从1987年10月的证券市场崩溃以来，散户投资者纷纷撤出股票，新股发行大幅减少。

事实上，对这些清单的整理已经足够消除我们的虚荣心了。因为一个人越多地看一个陌生领域中的东西，他就越迫切地想要放弃的编辑的装模作样，并承担起学生的谦逊。

在所有学习领域中，最重要的是培养态度。情感反应和逻辑思维过程影响着大多数人的行为。

文化是一个特定群体的所有传统、习俗、信仰和生活方式的总和。从这个意义上说，每一个群体都有一种文化，无论在我们看来它是野蛮的、不发达的还是不文明的。

如果我们接受我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的想法，它使我们能够更容易地处理如秘密和欺骗那些阻碍我们获得准确信息的事物。

虽然过去人口少且稳定，可造成的永久性损害很少，但随着人类社区规模和数量的稳步增加森林和土壤几乎没有时间恢复。

8.单选题

Yourlatestprojecthaslittle（

）ofsuccess.

问题1选项

A.prediction

B.prophecy

C.prospect

D.preview

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。prediction意为“预测，预报”；prophecy意为“语言”；prospect意为“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意为“试映，预演”。

句意：你最近的项目几乎没有成功的希望。

9.单选题

（

）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

问题1选项

A.Haditnotbe

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnot

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do；当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were,should,had时，可将连词if省略，把were,should,had置于句首。从句中的Ifitwerenotforthetimelyinvestment=Wereitnotforthetimelyinvestment，因此选B。

句意：要不是广大公众的及时投资，我们公司不会像现在这样兴旺发达。

10.单选题

Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,（

）insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.

问题1选项

A.beingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.havingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查分词作状语。空格处在句中作状语，表示原因，说明主语没有担任主席的原因。主语he是动词consider的承受者，表示被动关系，故排除B、D选项；tobeconsidered是不定式被动式，表示将来或尚未发生的动作，不符合句意，故排除C选项，因此选A。

句意：他没有被要求担任协会主席，考虑到他不太受所有成员欢迎。

11.问答题

Despite(A)hislowopinionof(B)professors—orperhapsin(C)anefforttoimprovethebreed—Smithhimselfeventuallybecameit(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;one

【解析】考查代词用法。it用以指特定的物，即上下文提到的、同名称的、同样事物的那个名词，而不是同类事物的其他东西。one表示泛指，指同名称中的另一事物。此处表示Smith自己最后也成为了一名教授，不是指代前文的professors，因此用one。

12.单选题

Youmay（

）earlyasyouhavetocatchanearlytraintomorrow.

问题1选项

A.remain

B.reverse

C.retreat

D.retire

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。remain意为“保留”；reverse意为“颠倒，翻转”；retreat意为“撤退，离开”；retire意为“退休”。

句意：你可能要早点离开了，因为你明早还要去赶火车。

13.单选题

TomLandryisoneofthemostsuccessfulfootballcoachesinNationalFootballLeaguehistoryandhewasknownforhis（

）mannerandfiercecompetitiveness.

问题1选项

A.unruffled

B.brutal

C.suspicious

D.tender

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。Unruffled意为“平静的，镇定的，沉着的”；brutal意为“野蛮的”；suspicious意为“可疑的，不信任的”；tender意为“和善的，温柔的”。

句意：汤姆•兰德里是国际足球联盟历史上最成功的足球教练之一，他以沉着冷静和激烈竞争而闻名。

14.单选题

Heisholdinga（

）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.succeeding

C.subordinate

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。successive意为“连续的，相继的”；succeeding意为“以后的，随后的”；subordinate意为“级别或职位较低的”；subsequent意为“后来的”。

句意：他在公司正处于一个低级的职位，他期望能很快晋升。

15.单选题

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

问题2选项

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

问题3选项

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

问题4选项

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

问题5选项

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.（在某种程度上，奖金的金额（2000年约为91万美元）很重要；现金价值容易模糊成威望）可知诺贝尔的丰厚奖金使它更声名显赫，因此选C。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.（其功绩超过普通人。Feldman先生的下一个问题就是质疑其真实性）可知A“诺贝尔奖的颁发可能不以功绩为依据”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.（诺贝尔奖……必须在指导方针和参数范围内工作）可知与B选项“诺贝尔奖严格遵循选择原则”相符；由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical（在挑选过程中的人可能同时具有操纵性和政治性）（whichcorrodesfairness它腐蚀了公平）,andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude（坚信自己的诚意和正直）（whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他们看不到自己的弱点和他们文化的弱点）可知与C选项“瑞典科学院成员的意见可能是有失偏颇的”相符；由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.（诺贝尔保密性阻碍了新的、纠正性的批评）可知与D选项“甄选过程缺乏透明度”相符；故可排除B、C、D，因此选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.（科学奖以最好的成绩出现）可知Feldman先生对科学奖的评价最高，因此选A。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.（他认为这些奖项比一个世纪前更“健康”；是“在所有标准都受到攻击的时代，迫切需要权威和一致性的象征”；以及刺激我们对伟大事物惊叹不如的能力）可知尽管诺贝尔奖有一些问题，但还是有存在的必要，因此选C。

16.单选题

Sincethetwopartiescouldn't（

）theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reconcile

C.oblige

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。rectify意为“改正，校正”；reconcile意为“使和好，使和解，妥协”；oblige意为“强制，强迫”；obscure意为“费解的，难以理解的”。

句意：因为两党不能就分歧达成一致，他们决定停止谈判。

17.问答题

With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.

【答案】试题答案：A;By

【解析】考查介词用法。with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个……”，因此用by（根据，按照）。

18.单选题

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（资源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraints