2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号32

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

问题1选项

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析题。A选项pure“纯粹的”；B选项right“正确的”；C选项sheer“完全，彻底”；D选项clean“干净的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘记她的生日了。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis（

）translation.

问题1选项

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项homogeneous“均匀的，同质的”；B选项simultaneous“同时的”；C选项instantaneous“瞬间的”；D选项spontaneous“自发的，无意识的”。句意：解决外交活动中的语言问题最成功的方法是同声传译。选项B符合句意。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.

ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,theterm“intellectualproperty”referstoallcategoriesofintellectualpropertythatarethesubjectofSectionIthrough7ofPartII.

MembersshallaccordthetreatmentprovidedforinthisAgreementtothenationalsofotherMembers.Inrespectoftherelevantintellectualpropertyright,thenationalofotherMembersshallbeunderstoodasthosenaturalorlegalpersonsthatwouldmeetthecriteriaforeligibilityforprotectionprovidedforintheParisConvention(1967),theBerneConvention(1971),theRomeConventionandtheTreatyonIntellectualPropertyinRespectofIntegratedCircuits,wereallMembersoftheWTOmembersofthoseconventions.AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinParagraph3ofArticle5orParagraph2ofArticle6oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(the“CouncilforTRIPS”)

Criminallawisdistinctivefortheuniquelyseriouspotentialconsequencesoffailuretoabidebyitsrules.Everycrimeiscomposedofcriminalelements.Anelementofacrime(collectivelycalledelementsofcrime)isabasicsetofcommonlawprinciplesregardingcriminalliabilitythat,withfewexceptions,constitutetheessentialelementstoprovethatthedefendantcommittedacrimeunderUnitedStateslaw.Thejurymustbeconvincedbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantcommittedeachelementoftheparticularcrimechargedbeforedecidingonaguiltyverdict.Thecomponentpartsthatmakeupanyparticularcrimevarydependingonthecrime.Thebasiccomponentsarementalstate(Mensrea),conduct(Actusreus),concurrenceandcausation.However,thetwonecessaryelementsthatmustcoexistforacrimetoexististhatthedefendantmusthavecommittedanactandthatactmusthavebeencommittedintentionally.

【答案】各成员均必须实行本协定中的规定。各成员可以但并无义务，在其法律中实施比本协定要求更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定。各成员有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本协定规定的适当方法。

在本协定中，“知识产权”一词系指属于本协定第二部分第1节至第7节中的所有类别的知识产权。

各成员应根据本协定的规定给予其它成员以国民待遇。对于相应的知识产权，其它成员的国民被认为是符合《巴黎公约（1967）》、《伯尔尼公约（1971）》、《罗马公约》和《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》中所规定的保护资格标准的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成员似乎都已加入了这些公约。任一运用了《罗马公约》第五条第3款或第6条第2款规定的可能性的成员，均应根据这些条款的预告，通知“与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（TRIPS理事会）”。

刑法因未能遵守其规定导致的无可匹敌的严重潜在后果而是与众不同的。每项罪行由犯罪要素构成。一项罪行的一个要素（共同地被称为犯罪要素）是一套基本的关于刑事责任的普通法法则，而这些法则极少例外地构成了证明被告在美国法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在确定一项有罪裁定之前，陪审团必须无疑地确信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一个要素。组成任何特定罪行的构成要素依据罪行而变化。基本的要素是心理状态（犯罪意图），行为（犯罪行为），同时发生和起因。然而，对于一项罪行存而必须并存的两个必要要素是被告一定要犯下一个罪行且那个罪行是故意犯下的。

4.单选题

Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.Assoonastheyhadletthefowlsout,intheearlysummermornings,theyhadtotaketheirgunsandkeepguard;andthenagainassoonaseveningbegantomellow,theymustgooncemore.Andhewassosly.Heslidalonginthedeepgrass;hewasdifficultasaserpenttosee.Andheseemedtocircumventthegirlsdeliberately.OnceortwiceMarchhadcaughtsightofthewhitetipofhisbrush,ortheruddyshadowofhiminthedeepgrass,andshehadletfireathim.Buthemadenoaccountofthis.

Thetreesonthewoodedgewereadarkish,brownishgreeninthefulllight—foritwastheendofAugust.Beyond,thenaked,copper-likeshaftsandlimbsofthepinetreesshoneintheair.Nearertheroughgrass,withitslong,brownishstalksallagleam,wasfulloflight.Thefowlswereroundabout—theduckswerestillswimmingonthepondunderthepinetrees.Marchlookedatitall,sawitall,anddidnotseeit.SheheardBanfordspeakingtothefowlsinthedistance—andshedidnothear.Whatwasshethinkingabout?Heavenknows.Herconsciousnesswas,asitwere,heldback.

Sheloweredhereyes,andsuddenlysawthefox.Hewaslookingupather.Hischinwaspresseddown,andhiseyeswerelookingup.Theymethereyes.Andheknewher.Shewasspellbound—sheknewheknewher.Sohelookedintohereyes,andhersoulfailedher.Heknewher,hehasnotdaunted.

Shestruggled,confusedlyshecametoherself,andsawhimmakingoff,withslowleapsoversomefallenboughs,slow,impudentjumps.Thenheglancedoverhisshoulder,andransmoothlyaway.Shesawhisbrushheldsmoothlikeafeather,shesawhiswhitebuttockstwinkle.Andhewasgone,softly,softasthewind.

Sheputherguntohershoulder,buteventhenpursedhermouth,knowingitwasnonsensetopretendtofire.Soshebegantowalkslowlyafterhim,inthedirectionhehadgone,slowly,pertinaciously.Sheexpectedtofindhim.Inherheartshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Whatshewoulddowhenshesawhimagainshedidnotconsider.Butshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Soshewalkedabstractedlyaboutontheedgeofthewood,withwide,vividdarkeyes,andafaintflushinhercheeks.Shedidnotthink.Instrangemindlessnessshewalkedhitherandthither...Assoonassupperwasover,sheroseagaintogoout,withoutsayingwhy.Shetookhergunagainandwenttolookforthefox.Forhehadliftedhiseyesuponher,andhisknowinglookseemedtohaveenteredherbrain.Shedidnotsomuchthinkofhim:shewaspossessedbyhim.Shesawhisdark,shrewd,unabashedeyelookingintoher,knowingher.Shefelthiminvisiblymasterherspirit.Sheknewthewayheloweredhischinashelookedup,sheknewhismuzzle,thegoldenbrown,andthegreyishwhite.Andagainshesawhimglanceoverhisshoulderather,halfinviting,halfcontemptuousandcunning.Soshewent,withhergreatstartledeyesglowing,hergununderherarm,alongthewoodedge.Meanwhilethenightfell,andagreatmoonroseabovethepinetrees.

1.Atthebeginningofthestory,thefoxseemstobeallEXCEPT（

）.

2.Asthestoryproceeds.Marchbeginstofeelunderthespellof

（

）.

3.GraduallyMarchseemstobeinastateof

（

）.

4.Attheendofthestory,thereseemstobeasenseof

（

）

betweenMarchandthefox.

5.Thepassagecreatesanoverallimpressionof（

）.

问题1选项

A.cunning

B.fierce

C.defiant

D.annoying

问题2选项

A.thelight

B.thetrees

C.thenight

D.thefox

问题3选项

A.blankness

B.imagination

C.sadness

D.excitement

问题4选项

A.detachment

B.anger

C.intimacy

D.conflict

问题5选项

A.mystery

B.horror

C.liveliness

D.contempt.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.狐狸真的把他们都激怒了”可知选项D“恼人的”正确；根据第一段第三句“Andhewassosly.并且他是如此的狡猾。”可知选项A“狡猾的”正确；根据第一段最后一句“Buthemadenoaccountofthis.但是他却不把（March向他开枪）这件事放在心上。”也就是说，狐狸这里是在挑衅March，所以选项C“挑衅的”也正确。只有选项B在文中没有提及，所以本题选B。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后两句“Andheknewher.Shewasspellbound—sheknewheknewher.Sohelookedintohereyes,andhersoulfailedher.Heknewher,hehasnotdaunted.他（狐狸）认识她。她被迷住了——她知道他认识她。所以他看着她的眼睛，她的灵魂辜负了她。他认识她，并不畏惧。”由此可知，March是被狐狸迷住了。所以选项D正确。

3.判断推理题。根据原文第五段最后三句“Soshewalkedabstractedlyaboutontheedgeofthewood,withwide,vividdarkeyes,andafaintflushinhercheeks.Shedidnotthink.Instrangemindlessnessshewalkedhitherandthither.于是她心不在焉地在树林边上走来走去，一双明亮的黑眼睛睁得大大的，两颊微微泛起红晕。她什么都没有想。她莫名其妙地走来走去。”由此可知，March似乎进入了一种放空的状态，选项A正确。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“Shedidnotsomuchthinkofhim:shewaspossessedbyhim....Shefelthiminvisiblymasterherspirit.Sheknewthewayheloweredhischinashelookedup,sheknewhismuzzle,thegoldenbrown,andthegreyishwhite.她并不怎么想他，而是被他迷住了。....她感到他无形地控制了她的灵魂。她知道他抬起头来时下巴是怎样垂下来的，她知道他的口鼻是怎样的，金褐色的，灰白色的。”由此可推断，在故事的结尾，March和狐狸之间似乎有亲昵的感觉，选项C正确。

5.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲的是March和狐狸之间的故事。根据原文中的描述可知，全文整体营造的是一种神秘的氛围，所以选项A正确。

5.单选题

Geneticallymodifiedcropsareeverywhere.ItseemseveninEurope,strictlawsdesignedtokeeptheEuropeanUnionfreeofGMcropsarenotworking,insteadareposingproblemsfortheEU:Farmers’srepresentativessaythatsuppliesofanimalfeedforpoultryandpigsarebeingrefusedentryatEuropeanportswhenfoundtocontaineventraceamountsofGMmaterial.

UnderEurope’s“zero-tolerance”lawsonGM,introducedin2007,thepresenceofevenafewseedsofGMmaterialwillruleoutanentireshipment.TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.”saysPekkaPesonen,secretarygeneralofCopa-Cogeca,afederationofgroupsrepresenting15millionEUfarmersintotal.HeclaimsthatEuropeanpigandpoultryfarmerswillgooutofbusinessunlesstheEUadoptsamorepracticalcheckingapproachbysettingastandard―say0.5percent—beneathwhichGMistolerated.Pesonensayssuch“tolerances”operateforotherpollution,includingpesticidesandheavymetals.SowhynotforGMmaterial,muchofwhichhasbeenclearedforhumanconsumptionelsewhereintheworld?

Lastyear200,000tonsofconventionalanimalfeed―mainlysoyandcom―wererefusedentrytotheEUwhentheywerefoundtocontainsmallamountsofGMcomvarieties.ThenflaxfromCanadawasfoundtocontaintracesofaGMvarietynamedCDCTriffidthatwaswithdrawnfromcommercialsalein2001.Followingaprohibitiononflaxmorethan100shipmentswererejected,buttradeisslowlyresuming.Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.

Priceswillbehigherstillthisyear,saysPesonen.owingtonaturaldisasterinSouthAmericaandagrowingmarketforAmericanfarmerssellingcropstoAsia,whichacceptsmixedshipments.IncreasingnumbersofGMcropvarietiesareontheway.Atpresent,around30varietiesaregrownaroundtheworld,blitthatispredictedtodoubletwiceby2015.makingscreeningmoredifficultthanever.

AfurtherconflictarisesbecausealltheEuropeanofficialsareduetobereplacedinFebruary.Aspokeswomanforthehealthcommission,whichintroducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops,saysthatintensivediscussiononfeedimportshavealreadytakenplace.“Oncethenewcommissionisestablished,itwillhavetoconsiderhowtoproceedonthismatter.”shesays.

1.EuropeanlawsagainstGMproducts（

）.

2.Takingtoday’sglobalsupplychainintoaccount,theanimalfeedindustrythinksthat

（

）.

3.WhatisEuropeanfarmers’attitudetoGMaccordingtoPekkaPesonen?

4.Aftersomeshipmentsarerefusedtobeimported,

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whydidthehealthcommissionintroducethezero-tolerancepolicy?

问题1选项

A.managetofunctionwell

B.bringtroublestofarmers

C.helpfarmersalot

D.allowfoodwithGMmaterial

问题2选项

A.GMmaterialispossibletobeprevented

B.Europeanlawsareimpractical

C.Onlytheinternationalsupplychaincanwork

D.GoodsshouldbeprohibitedonceanyGMstuffisfound

问题3选项

A.Theythinkit’sreasonableforpeopletoworryaboutGM’sinfluence.

B.Theythinkit’sunderstandabletosetanabsolutelimitonGMproducts.

C.TheywillbebrokenifEUhelpthemtolimitGMeffect.

D.Theythink0.5percentistoohighastandard.

问题4选项

A.Tradeisgoingdownalltheway

B.Peoplestillsigntradeontime

C.Goodsaregettingmoreexpensive

D.Merchantstryriskingtradingagain

问题5选项

A.BecausetheEuropeanofficialsaretobereplaced

B.Becausethepolicyistheresultoftheintensivediscussion.

C.BecauseitwantstoeliminatethedoubtsabouttheGMcrops’safety.

D.BecausethepriceofGMcropsisveryhigh.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca组织的秘书长PekkaPesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦，所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“PekkaPesonen”定位到第二段的内容“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“...introducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops...（委员会）推出零容忍政策，以满足欧洲对转基因作物安全性的普遍质疑”。选项C符合原文。

6.单选题

China’sresumingexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongandMacaois（

）ofChineseprosperity.

问题1选项

A.indulgent

B.indifferent

C.indignant

D.indicative

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项indulgent“放纵的，宽容的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的，中立的”；C选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；D选项indicative“象征的”。句意：中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权，象征着中国繁荣昌盛。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Shewasso（

）fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

问题1选项

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项grave“重大的”；B选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；C选项anxious“焦虑的”；D选项worried“担心的”。句意：她是对知识是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大学之前就自学了所有的课程。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Acomprehensivemarketsystemshouldbeestablishedto（

）theflowoftalent,fundsandmaterials.

问题1选项

A.suffice

B.necessitate

C.facilitate

D.fabricate

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项suffice“使满足”；B选项necessitate“使成为必需”；C选项facilitate“促进，帮助”；D选项fabricate“伪造”。句意：应该建立完善的市场体系促进人才、资金和物资的流动。选项C符合句意。

9.翻译题

Wemustcontinuewiththereformintaxandfeeinruralareastolightentheburdensoffarmersandprotecttheirinterests.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairs.Itadvocatesanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Ifwedonotcrackdownoncorruption,theflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthePartyandthepeoplewillsufferalotandthePartywillbeindangeroflosingitsrulingposition,orpossiblyheadingforself-destruction.

Nobodyinanysector,publicorprivate,shouldofferbenefitsunlessforagoodreason.

Damsareadramaticexampleofahumanactivitythatdegradesfreshwaterecosystems.

【答案】为了减轻农民的负担和保护他们的利益，我们一定要继续进行农村税费改革。

中国在世界事务中不谋求霸权或主导地位。它主张一个新的国际政治和经济秩序。

如果我们不打击腐败，那么党和人们之间的血肉联系将会深受其害，并且党将会处于失去其执政地位的危险之中或可能走向自我毁灭。

除非有正当的理由，否则任何部门(公共的或私人的)没有人应该提供福利。

水坝是人类活动使淡水生态系统退化的一个引人注目的例子。

10.单选题

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

问题1选项

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项isolated“使孤立，使分离”；B选项signed“署名，写下”；C选项implemented“实施，执行”；D选项violated“违反”。句意：这位女演员违反了合同条款，被制片人告上了法庭。选项D更符合语境。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1996年，世界上海拔最高的现代化的、多功能的大型图书馆西藏自治区图书馆建成开馆。

她不想被别人看成卖弄才学的女子。

竞争确有好处，它能逼你去创造、去革新。

中国不寻求霸权或支配世界事务，而是倡导建立国际政治经济新秩序。

维护祖国统一事关中华民族的根本利益，中国人民将义无反顾的捍卫国家主权和领土完整，绝不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。

【答案】In1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionalTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.

Shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.

Competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

12.单选题

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalf-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextrasearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisentoanaverageof42thisyearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyearMostGermansgetsixweeks’paidannualholiday,eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?

SomeexplanationsforAmerica’stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoilharderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargumentbegan.

Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.

Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowsignsoffollowingAmerica’slead).Perhapsculturaldifferences--thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomists---areatplay.Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basicneeds”--forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar—expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica’smostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney—hencemoreworkandlessleisure.Ortrythis,thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

1.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglongerhours?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedbythewriter?

问题1选项

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D.favoredbytheeconomists

问题2选项

A.Riseinemployees’workingefficiency

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders

C.Riseinpeople’slivingstandards

D.Riseincompetitiveness

问题3选项

A.Expansionofbasicneeds

B.Culturaldifferences

C.Increaseinrealearnings

D.Advertising

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:...几项研究表明，制造业以外也在发生类似的事情:...”也就是说，除了制造业，美国其他行业里工作时间也很长，所以选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后两句“Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?父母花在孩子身上的时间更少，他们（孩子）可能会被长时间的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趋势，这仅仅是个巧合吗?”由此可知，长时间工作的结果将会导致青少年犯罪数量的增加。选项B符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“这些答案都不能真正解释为什么美国的工作时间长达一个世纪的下降趋势已经逆转，而其他地方却没有(尽管英国有迹象表明正在步美国的后尘)。也许文化差异——失败经济学家的最后避难所——正在发挥作用。”这里提到文化差异的问题，但这并不是美国人长时间工作的原因。下文提到“Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,...经济学家过去认为，一旦工人挣到足够的钱来满足他们的基本需求和一些奢侈品...”由此可知，真正的原因是为了扩大基本需求，所以选项A正确。

13.单选题

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

问题1选项

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项oval“椭圆的”；B选项edible“可食用的”；C选项reliable“可靠的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：这种新型的植物有一个可食用的，球状的茎，虽然不是很美味。根据句子的后半部分可知，选项B符合语境。

14.单选题

Thegovernmentofficialsestimatethatthewarhascreatedmorethanhalfamillion（

）whoneedimmediatefood,clothingandshelter.

问题1选项

A.exiles

B.hostages

C.survivors

D.refugees

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。

15.单选题

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项scattered“分散的，散乱的”；B选项overflowed“溢出的”；C选项permeated“渗透，弥漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢着；D选项manipulated“操作”。句意：在中国的外国学生洋溢着大量的中国文化气息。选项C更符合语境。

16.单选题

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

问题1选项

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；B选项bother“麻烦，打扰”；C选项upset“使心烦，扰乱”；D选项irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：请不要在会议室吸烟，烟熏得我眼睛难受。也就是说眼睛受到了刺激，所以选项D正确。

17.单选题

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项decline“下降，衰退”；B选项vacancy“空缺”；C选项rarity“罕见，珍贵”；D选项shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解决国家劳动力短缺的办法并不容易。选项D符合句意。

18.单选题

Ifleadership,asitsmostbasicmeaning,（1）gettingthingsdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’s

（2）tools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolis（3）theirgrasp,availableonly（4）thecharismaticandtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,

（5）experimentalpsychologistshave（6）whichmethodsreliablyleadpeopleto

（7）,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilar（8）themthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,

（9）peerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethemaswell.Soitis（10）thetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffer（11）praise.Third,experiments（12）theintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It'sa

（13）policytodoafavor（14）

seekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyand（15）.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydo（16）experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’s（17）.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommodity

（18）it’sscarce;it

（19）,then,that（20）informationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.

问题1选项

A.consistsin

B.consistsof

C.constitutesof

D.composesof

问题2选项

A.fundamental

B.rudimentary

C.elementary

D.essential

问题3选项

A.beyond

B.within

C.in

D.out

问题4选项

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

问题5选项

A.though

B.although

C.eventhough

D.but

问题6选项

A.studied

B.learned

C.examined

D.investigated

问题7选项

A.cede

B.concede

C.recede

D.retreat

问题8选项

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

问题9选项

A.register

B.list

C.enlist

D.enroll

问题10选项

A.worth

B.worthof

C.worthwith

D.worthy

问题11选项

A.authentic

B.genuine

C.real

D.true

问题12选项

A.affirm

B.confirm

C.testify

D.verify

问题13选项

A.best

B.correct

C.sound

D.valid

问题14选项

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.before

问题15选项

A.explicitly

B.implicitly

C.exultantly

D.introspectively

问题16选项

A.deny

B.deferto

C.conferto

D.referto

问题17选项

A.self-contained

B.self-possessed

C.self-opinionated

D.self-evident

问题18选项

A.where

B.when

C.whether

D.evenif

问题19选项

A.obeys

B.abides

C.follows

D.happens

问题20选项

A.exclusive

B.inclusive

C.scarce

D.reliable

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:C

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】（1）词组辨析题。A选项consistin“在于”；选项B和D都表示“由…组成或构成”的意思；C选项constitute为及物动词，后面不需要接介词of。所以只有选项A符合原文。句意：如果领导力，作为其最基本的含义，在于通过他人完成任务…。

（2）形容词辨析题。A选项fundamental“基本的，根本的”；B选项rudimentary“初步的”；C选项elementary“初级的”；D选项essential“必要的”。根据原文可知，这里指“必要的工具”，所以选项D符合原文。

（3）考查固定搭配。beyondone'sgrasp意为“鞭长莫及”，原文指“超出能力范围”。句意：许多高管认为，这一工具超出了他们的掌握范围。所以选项A符合原文。

（4）介词辨析题。beavailablefor指“有效，对…有用”；beavailableto指“可被...利用或得到的”；选项A和D则无此搭配。句意：（这一工具）只有有魅力和有口才的人才能使用。原文中的主语是“thistool”，工具是被利用，所以选项C正确。

（5）考查逻辑连接词。根据原文可知，这里应填入表示让步的逻辑关系连词，所以首先排除选项D，but表转折。而选项B和C只能位于句首，所以只有选项A正确，though既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。

（6）逻辑推理题。根据原文可知，这里指实验心理学家已经研究了一些可靠的方法，所以选项A更符合语境。选项C和D都是调查的意思，不符合语境。

（7）逻辑推理题。根据下文的“comply,orchange”可知，填空处应填入与这两个词意思相近的单词。A选项cede“放弃，割让”；B选项concede“让步，退让”；C选项recede“后退，撤回”；D选项retreat“撤退”。选项B更符合语境。

（8）介词辨析题。besimilarto为固定介词搭配，意为“与…相似”，所以选项C正确。

（9）动词辨析题。A选项register“登记”；B选项list“列清单”；C选项enlist“使入伍”；D选项enroll“使