翻译硕士视译课件1

交替（即席、连续）传译(ConsecutiveInterpreting)

演讲、祝词、谈判、参观、采访、宴会等。同声传译(SimultaneousInterpreting)

会议传译（conferencesimultaneousinterpreting)）视译(On-SightInterpreting)

咬耳传译(WhisperingInterpreting)

英语导游算口译员吗？

口译的种类1

1、按操作形式：

a.交替口译（alternatinginterpretation）

b.接续翻译（consecutiveinterpretation）

c.同声传译（simultaneousinterpretation）

d.耳语口译（whisperinginterpretation）

e.视阅口译（sightinterpretation）2、按传译方向：

a.单向口译（one-wayinterpretation）

b.双向口译（two-wayinterpretation）3、按任务分类：

a.导游口译（guideinterpretation）

b.礼仪口译（ceremonyinterpretation）

c.宣传口译（informationinterpretation）

d.会议口译（conferenceinterpretation）

e.谈判口译（negotiationinterpretation）21.Sighttranslation译员拿到一份书面文字材料，把它口头翻译出来。2.Sightinterpretation译员手头有文字材料，还有听觉信息输入，这个过程是边看，边听，边说。译员要跟上发言人语速。视译种类3

1）视译要求译语产出与源语发布同步进行，因此译员在听完一段讲话后，无法按目的语表达习惯对源语词序先作出较大调整，然后再给出译文，他只能按源语讲话的句子顺序将先听到的和看到的先译；此外由于时间的限制，译员也无法对刚刚发布的译语进行过多的修正和补充，他必须尽量让译语的产出一次成型。

视译练习与同声传译的相似之处：4Japansurrenderedin1945afterAmericansdroppedtwoatombombs.日本人在1945年投降了。美国人投了两颗原子弹后。日本人投降了，那是在1945年，在这之前，美国人投了两颗原子弹。

ResistingtheTemptationofSeekingPerfection！Eg.5

2）由于时间限制，视译与同传译员都必须做到眼、耳、口并用，以便在同一时间处理好双耳分听、信息预测、断句、试译以及译语的重组、发布、修正与监听等多重任务；同时译员还需灵活运用推理、概括、解释、挪位、添加、删简、重复等技巧，保证译语的顺利产出。

视译练习与同声传译的相似之处：63）通过视译练习，学员学会在领受口译任务之后认真分析讲稿，并通过有针对性的阅读积累主题知识，扫除口译过程中可能遇到的理解和术语障碍，并尽可能地事先准备好发言稿的译文（至少也应打好译文腹稿），以取得更好的传译效果。这一过程与同传译员的译前准备工作非常相似。

视译练习与同声传译的相似之处：7视译也称为：有稿同传(SimultaneousInterpretingwithText)一般的同声传译训练：注意力的分配训练

视译

无稿同声传译因此：81)不可回头重说(backtrack)2)译者的视觉距离(perceptualspan)不够大，或讯息处理(messageprocessing)的能量不足，或是标示记号不够周全，都会造成必须重新安排讯息单位次序的窘境。3)若是遗漏重要的讯息，则可另外加一句补足意思。4)表达要流畅，简洁，明白。要能掌握讯息的重点。5)出现this、that、these、those，往往需要加以说明，指的是什么：

视译表达的注意事项：91）选一篇材料，进行中英互翻。练习的材料:较为前沿的信息2）速度要均匀，不要停顿太久，3）初级阶段：尽量使用顺译技巧高级阶段：这一阶段适用于能够一目一行或几行并同时能够理解用另一种语言及该语言的最熟练的一种结构将材料翻译出来。视译练习方法：10实战篇

第一原则:依序顺译1.Therewillcomeadaywhenpeopletheworldoverwillliveahappylifeunderthesunofsocialism.112.

On

theaverage,malestudentsscorehigheronteststhatmeasuremathematicalreasoning,mechanicalability,andproblemsolvingskills.3.EugeneRostowwasdirectoroftheUSArmsControlandDisarmamentAgencyuntil1983whenhewasfiredafterrepeatedclasheswiththeWhiteHouseovertheconductofstrategicweaponstalkswiththeSovietsinGeneva.121笔译译文打破了英语原句语序，而视译译文基本保持原文语序2笔译译文结构紧凑，而视译疑问结构较松散，较口语化3笔译译文与视译译文传达的内容信息基本相同。任何口译形式传达的都是informationǂwords。笔译与视译区别13scholarlytreatise学术论文bureaucracy政府部门rational合乎情理的courteous有礼貌的InternalRevenueService(美国)国内收入署welfaredepartment福利部门bungle弄糟，搞坏discriminatory带有歧视的

insensitive冷漠的revup加速语段词汇14Mostironicwastheimageofgovernmentthatwasbornoftheseexperiences.Asanyscholarlytreatiseonthesubjectwilltellyou,thegreatadvantagebureaucracyissupposedtoofferforacomplex,modernsocietylikeoursisefficient,rational,uniformandcourteoustreatmentforthecitizensitdealswith.YetnotonlydidthesequalitiesnotcomethroughtothepeopleItalkedwith,itwastheirveryoppositesthatseemedmorecharacteristic.Peopleofallclasses-therichmandealingwiththeInternalRevenueServiceaswellasthepoorwomanstrugglingwiththewelfaredepartment-feltthatthetreatmenttheyhadreceivedhadbeenbungled,notefficient;unpredictable,notrational;discriminatory,notuniform;alltoooften,insensitive,ratherthancourteous.Itwasasiftheyhadboughtabignewcarthatnotonlydidnotrunwhentheywanteditto,butperiodicallyrevveditselfupanddroveallaroundtheiryards.151.ManyChinesepeoplefeelalittlebitpuzzledwhentheyseeaseriesofeventsthattheUSgovernmentseemstohavetakenamoreconfrontationalapproachtowardChina.2.AndIthinkwhatIwouldliketosaytotheChinesepeopleisthatweviewChinaasaveryimportantnationthatisgoingthroughaperiodoftransformation.练习163.PresidentBushverymuchbelievesingettingtomeetotherleadersandtotalktothemfacetofaceandconveythatAmericanattitudeof“let’sseeifwecanworktogethertosolveanyproblemsthatexistbetweenus,andlet’salwaysbedoingwhatwecantoimprovetherelationshipbetweenourtwocountries.”174.Theareasthatwewillhavesomedifficultywith,andthePresidentwillbecandidaboutthis,havetodowithhumanrights,andwedohavesomeconcernsaboutproliferationissues.5.BecausetherelationshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinaissocomplexandithassomanypiecestoitthatitdoesn’tdoitjusticetocaptureitwithasingleword.186.Butitisarelationshipthatincreasinglywillbebasedonfriendship,ontrust,onworkingtogether,onworkingthroughproblems,onbeingcandidwitheachotherwhenwehavedisagreements,andsomepeoplehavecalleditapartnershipinthepast.19以类意群断句断句是保持译出语语序的关键断句的关键在于采取可行的断句方法单词？意群？整句？断句的基本方法是使用类意群作为视译单位。类意群是一种类似意群却又比它更加灵活的单位。第二原则201相对独立的意义概念。可以独立翻译而不产生意义上的误会或不完整。2在一目可及的范围之内，指译员可以一目扫过而尽收眼中的长度。能保证译员速度。3能够通过连接语较灵活地与前后的视译单位结合。指在增加一个连接词后，就可以比较顺畅地将一个句子的意思完整地表达出来。类意群特征211.Themomentwhenallthepeopleintheorganizationbecameangryandbegantoarguewithoneanotherastowhoshouldtaketheresponsibilitywasexactlythetimewhenanevenmoreseriouseventtookplace.2.Indeed,wehopetointensifyworkwithaChinathatnotonlyadjuststotheinternationalrulesdevelopedoverthelastcentury,butalsojoinsusandotherstoaddressthechallengesofthenewcentury.223.TheGeneralAssemblyrecognizedtheimportanceofinternationalcooperationindevisingmeasureseffectivelytopreventtheir(terroristacts)occurrenceandofstudyingtheirunderlyingcauseswithaviewtofindingjustandpeacefulsolutionsasquicklyaspossible.4.ThemomentwhentheUnitedstatestookitsplaceasaleaderandapermanentactoronthestageofinternationalpolitics-attheendoftheSecondWorldWar-coincidedwiththedawnofthenuclearage.23CommunicationsDepartment交通处station驻扎billet安顿Partisanschool党校radiooperator无线电报务员Unleavened不发酵的Whole-wheatbread全麦馒头millet小米famish挨饿nonchalant冷淡的bill帽舌flap（帽边等）垂下provoke激起，引起，惹Embolden使有胆量，使更勇敢

视译语段中词汇24

AfterItalkedforafewminuteswithChouEnlai,andexplainedwhoIwas,hearrangedformetospendthenightinPaiChiaPing,andaskedmetocomenextmorningtohisheadquarters,inanearbyvillage.IsatdowntodinnerwithasectionoftheCommunicationDepartment，whichwasstationedhere,andImetadozenyoungmenwhowasbilletedinPaiChiaPing.Someofthemwereteachersinthepartisanschool,onewasaradiooperator,andsomewereofficersoftheRedArmy.Ourmealconsistedofboiledchicken,unleavenedwhole-wheatbread,cabbages,millet,andpotatoes,ofwhichIateheartedly.视译语段25

But,asusual,therewasnothingtodrinkbuthotwaterandIcouldnottouchit.Iamfamishedwiththirst.Thefoodwasserved-deliveredistheword-bytwononchalantyoungladswearinguniformsseveralsizestoolargeforthem,andpeakedRedCapswithlongbillsthatkeptflappingdownovertheireyes.Theylookedatmesourlyatfirst,butafterafewminutesImanagedtoprovokeafriendlygrinfromoneofthem.Emboldenedbythissuccess,Icalledtohimashewentpast.Tobecontinued26类意群间的衔接视译的连接成分不是语法中的连接词，而是连接两个类意群之间的一种句子成分，它可以是代词，名词，也可以是词组等，目的是使整个句子通顺。Theoldman,whowaswalkingslowlyalongtheriverside,lookedaroundandstoppedfromtimetotime.Thatthoseyoungpeoplewhohadbeensoenergeticdiedsosuddenlyintheearthquakewasarealshocktoevertbody.第三原则27Inthissmalltown,almosteveryoneknewMr.Smith,theonetimebossofaprestigiouscompanycalledSmith&Sons.Themethodwaslargelydevelopedbyphysicists,chemistsandbiologists;itwaslateradoptedbypeopleworkinginsuchareasaseducation,psychologyandsociology,wherethesubjectsofresearchwereoftenpeople.Butsadlytheinternationalcommunityonlyreactswhenthemediabeamsthepainfulspectacleofworldsufferingintothehomesofthewealthycountries.视译中两种连接情况

一、需要增加名词或代词作连接成分的句子28Finallyhesucceededininventingthenewproductthroughrepeatedconsultationandexperiments.Shetriedtopronouncesoundcorrectlybyreadingthepoemaloudeverymorning.Despitetheheavyrain,theymanagedtoarriveatthesummercampingoodtime.二、介词引导的句子成分29AsianAmerican亚裔美国人Familygrocery家庭经营的杂货店Legacy遗产Endemic某地（或某些人中）流行的Identitycrisis认同危机Accommodationist倾向白人思想观点的语段视译词汇30ItisoftensaidthatAsianAmericansarea“modelminority”,withParentswhowork18hoursadayinthefamilygroceryandchildrenwhoworkwithequalamazingperseveranceintheclassroom.Ataglance,theevidenceseemsclear:whilethefirstAsianstocometoAmericalivedpoorlyasafarmers,minersandrailwayworkers,wenowenjoyoneofthehighestaverageincomesinthecountry.HereatHarvard,18%oftheclassof1996areAsianAmericans,comparedto3%ofthetotalUSpopulation.Byfocusingonthe“positivestereotype”,however,oneneglectstheothersideofourlives.视译语段一31Formanyofus-thesecondgeneration-thereissomethinguncomfortableaboutbeingAsianinAmerica.Althoughmanyofusappreciatethegreatsacrificesourparentshavemade,theireconomicsuccesssomehowrepresentsforusanunsatisfyinglegacy.Wesufferinparticularfromanendemicidentitycrisis.Wehavebeguntoquestiontheaccommodationistwaysofourforebears,ourquietlystudiousmanner,ournarrowpriorities,andourpreviousnotionsofsuccess.Tobecontinued32Therearemanykindsofcourage.Awesomekinds.Andeverydaykinds.Still,courageiscourage—whateverkind.Courageisridingyourbicycleforthefirsttimewithouttrainingwheels.Courageisaspellingbeeandyourwordissuperciliousness.Couargeistwocandybarsandsavingonefortomorrow.视译语段二33Courageisnobodybetterpickonyourlittlebrother.Courageisit’syourjobtocheckoutthenightnoisesinthehouse.Courageisbeingthenewkidontheblockandsaying,flatout,“Hi,myname’swayne.What’syours?Courageistastingthevegetablebeforemakingaface.Courageisnotpeekingatthelastpagesofyourwhoduitbooktofindoutwhodidit.Tobecontinued34Courageisbeingthefirsttomakeupafteranargument.Courageisdeliberatelysteppingonsidewalkcracks.Courageisthejuicysecretyoupromisednevertotell.Courageisbreakingbadhabits.Courageissuddenlyrememberingasillyjokeandtryingnottogigglewheneveryoneelseisbeingespeciallyserious.Courageisarrivingmuchtooearlyforabirthdayparty.Tobecontinued35Courageissendingavalentinetosomeoneyousecretlyadmireandsigningyourrealname.Courageisadmiring,butnotplucking.Courageisgoingtobedwithoutanightlight.Courageisdecidingtohaveyourhaircut.Courageistryingtocoverupyourmean,jealousside.Courageisexplainingtheripinyourbrand-newpants.Tobecontinued36Courageisgoingonagain.Courageisifyouknewwherethereweresomemountains,youwoulddefinitelyclimbthem.Courageisexploringheightsanddepths.Courageisabladeofgrassbreakingthroughtheicysnow.Courageisstartingover.Courageisholdingontoyourdream.Courageissometimeshavingtosaygoodbye.Courageiswhatwegivetoeachother.Tobecontinued37YourExcellencyStateCouncilorDaiBingguo,

YourExcellenciesDiplomaticEnvoys,RepresentativesofInternationalOrganizationsandYourSpouses,

DistinguishedGuests,

LadiesandGentlemen,

DearFriends,视译语段三38TheNew