2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号72

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thewaves（）violentlyagainsttheshore,peoplecouldn'thearthemcryingforhelp.

问题1选项

A.beating

B.hadbeaten

C.beat

D.werebeating

【答案】A

【解析】考查独立主格结构。前后半句的主语不同，分别为thewaves和people，故本题考查的独立主格结构，wave与beat之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，A项正确。句意：大浪激烈地拍打海岸，人们不能听到他们呼救的声音。

2.填空题

Sheisaprettygirlandloves（）（fashion）clothesandshoes.

【答案】fashionable

【解析】放在名词前，故用形容词形式。

3.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveions（离子）intheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticle,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargeproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistral（寒冷的西北风）areblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricity（静电）indoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsofoundtobeaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes.Snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffortofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

33.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeopleofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterall,itisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismic（地震的）readingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Accordingtothepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

问题2选项

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

问题3选项

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoslowflowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

问题4选项

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum-pump

问题5选项

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffective

B.theunusualbehaviorsofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographisreliable

D.earthquakescannotaffectanyanimals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第二段“Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.当大量的正离子存在空气中时，很多人经历不愉快的影响，如头痛、疲劳、易怒、一些特别敏感的人遭受恶心,甚至精神障碍。可知当空气中存在大量正离子时，人们会变得很不舒服。故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistralareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.这是在雷暴之前自然发生的，雷暴是指某些国家刮西北风时发生的地震。也有可能是由于人造纤维制成的室内地毯或衣物、电视机、复印机或电脑显示屏产生的静电积聚造成的。”可知C项“人造地毯上行走”正确。A项“家用电器”与文中提到的“电脑、电视机、复印机的显示屏会产生静电”不符，并不是所有家用电器都会产生静电。B项“naturalmaterials”与原文中的“man-madefibers”不符。D项“在电脑上拷贝电视节目”并没有表明电脑在播放节目，原文提到只有显示屏在播放节目时才会产生静电，故D项错误。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.产生这些的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近喷泉的瀑布，或任何水被喷洒的地方，或形成一个水沫。”可知要产生负离子，必须要有水快速流动。故只有D项“通过旋转器洒水的车辆”符合。

4.推理判断题。Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeironsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生中性离子的小型便携式机器。故A项“电离子器”正确。

5.推理判断题。由第二段“ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.这使得美国地理调查局(USGeographicalSurvey)资助了一个由志愿者组成的观察动物的网络，以便这些灾难袭击加州等脆弱地区之前，就预见它们。”可知科学家相信观察动物的表现可以有效地预测地震。故A项正确。BCD三项内容与原文相反。

4.单选题

To（）forhisunpleasantexperienceshedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.

问题1选项

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。commmence入手；compromise妥协，折中；compensate赔偿；，弥补，抵消；compliment恭维，称赞。由后半句他喝了过多的酒是来消除他不愉快的经历，借酒消愁。故C项正确。

5.单选题

Inthemodernsociety,peopleoftenfeelcomfortablephysicallybutsufferalot（）.

问题1选项

A.moderately

B.naturally

C.biologically

D.psychologically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。moderately“适度地，有节制地”；naturally“自然地”；biologically“生物学上地”；psychologically“精神上地，心理上地”。句意：在现代社会，人们经常感觉生理上是舒服的，但却遭遇心理上的问题。由but可知其前后内容性质相反，前面提到生理，故空格处应该填心理上地。

6.单选题

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

问题2选项

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

问题3选项

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

问题4选项

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

问题5选项

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年来，科学家们一直试图确定太阳常数，即到达地球的太阳能总量。然而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。”可知本文的主题是solarconstant太阳常数，主要讨论太阳常数的测量问题。故C项正确。

2.判断推理题。Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。大气中的气体分子和尘埃颗粒吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。所以作者提到气体分子和尘埃颗粒是想说明这两者阻碍了对太阳常数的精确测量。故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科学家们认为，这些波动与太阳黑子上大群太阳黑子的出现和消失相吻合。太阳黑子是太阳表面上相对黑暗的区域，具有很强的磁场，温度比太阳表面的其他部分低2000华氏度。可知太阳常数的波动与太阳黑子的活动有关，故A项正确。

4.判断推理题。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.尽管太阳活动极大期的数据显示太阳活动缓慢而稳定地减少。一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，该卫星的老化探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。可知由于卫星的老化有可能使得探测不敏感，所以科学家认为太阳活动极大期的信息可能不准确。故C项正确，

5.文章最后一段讲了对于太阳常数的研究已经展开，这是项复杂而艰巨的工程，需要持续不断的研究和努力。故A项正确。

7.单选题

Theymayoftenhaveto（）socialeveningsandholidaysbecauseoftheirbusywork.

问题1选项

A.forgo

B.forfeit

C.abandon

D.forgive

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。forgo“放弃；停止；断念”；forfeit“（因犯罪、失职、违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等）”；abandon“遗弃；放弃”；forgive“原谅”。句意：由于忙碌的工作他们不得不放弃社交晚宴和假期。由becauseoftheirbusywork可知他们放弃了社交晚宴和假期，故A项正确。

8.单选题

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

（42）Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture---onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi（）.

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,（）.

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose（）.

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

问题1选项

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

问题2选项

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

问题3选项

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

问题4选项

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

问题5选项

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.为了适应这一体系，一个国际经理需要事实知识和解释性知识。可知C项“在国际市场中，一个人既需要事实知识，也需要解释性知识。”正确。A项“国际经理不可能学习外国文化”文中没有提到；B项“文化中的事实知识需要从经验中获得”与“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某种程度上，事实知识是可以学习的;它的解释只来自于经验。”不符；D项文中未提到。故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。由此可知百事和麦当劳的商业模式相似。故B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。可知C项正确。

4.意图题。文章开篇就提到了在国际市场上，国际经理应该具备的知识。最后一段也提及了成功的国际公司应有的品质及遵循的原则。所以本文信息主要对与其他国家做生意的人有用。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.国际上成功的公司都有一个重要的品质:耐心。”故C项正确。

9.翻译题

六十整岁望七十如攀高山。不料七十岁居然过了。七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金，不愁没有一碗饭吃，自由自在，自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本淸张，从前哪能拜读？现在可以了。随看随忘，便仍在一边。无忧无虑，无人打扰，不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。

偶尔有人来，不论男女老少认识不认识，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，谈天说地，百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开，激光磁盘便响个不停，滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙，听众逐渐稀少，终于门庭冷落，只剩下一屋子广阔天地,任我独往独来，随意挥洒。

【答案】AttheageofsixtyIlongedforalifespanofseventy,agoalasdifficultasasummittobereached.WhowouldexpectthatIhadreached?AttheageofseventyIbeganmyretirement,inwhichIcanrelyonmyold-agepensionforaliving,freefrommyburdenoftheboringroutinesIusedtobear,andleadalifecarefreeandcontended.AsforreadingIcan,now,chooseatmyownwilltothumbthroughanythingtowhileawaythetime.IcanfindtimetoreadanythingthatIdidn’tusedto,forinstance,suchtime-killersasthosecreatedbyJinYong,LiangYusheng,ChristieandSeichoMatsummoto.Idon’thavetokeeptheminmindandquitthemasIseefit.Therebeingnoworryanddisturbance,Ineednottravelfarinmyownworldsovast.Trueitisthatthemostsplendidviewmaybefoundinoldage!

OccasionallyIhadsomevisitors,maleorfemale,oldoryoung,acquaintedandunacquainted.Wecouldchatabouteverythinginthenorthorinthesouth,inthespaceoratthecore,relatedtotaboosforusatall.WheneverIbroketheiceIbegantopourmywords,inaflowofeloquence,ascontinuouslyasalaserdisc.Unfortunately,Iwasjoblesswhiletheyweresobusythattheyalmostmeltedawayuntilfewknockscameatthedoorandtheworldbecamevacantagain.NowIalonecanoccupyitandgomyownway.

10.翻译题

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.1.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorldToday.ThemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan（twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries）areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.2.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.3.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseen,thewaysinsingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwayofdramaticchanges.4.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.

5.Ifyoucastvourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

【答案】1.在今天的西方世界，靠制造东西谋生的人的比例已经大幅下降。美国、欧洲和日本的大多数工作（其中许多国家有三分之二或更多）都在服务业，而且这个数字还在上升。

2.但是，经济转型的广度不能仅用数字来衡量，因为它也正在催生一种思考工作本质的基本新方式。人们长期以来对工作和职业的观念、成功所需的技能，甚至个人与雇主之间的关系都在受到挑战。

3.20年前，没有人能够预见到，由于芯片在个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人上的应用，单凭芯片这一发明就能改变我们的世界。

4.有一件事是肯定的:信息和知识将变得更加重要，拥有信息和知识的人，无论是在制造业还是服务业工作，都将拥有优势并创造财富。计算机知识将成为与读写能力一样的基本要求。

5.如果你预测未来10年的发展，信息服务业将占支配地位。它将是你工作的方式。

11.单选题

Asmyfriend（）herebefore,Ihadtomeethimattherailwaystation.

问题1选项

A.hadneverbeen

B.hasneverbeen

C.hadbeennever

D.neverwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。由后半句hadto可知该句用的是一般过去时，而从句动作发生在meet之前，故用过去完成时，排除BD项。never一般放于hadbeen之间，故A项正确。句意：因为我的朋友之前从未来过这里，我不得不去火车站接他。

12.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynursery,wasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.ButinEuropeandintheU.S.,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitionsplants:underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）thisrise,wasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,（8）,federal,State,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.

The（11）oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere（12）calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis（13）theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,（14）$6.000,000inJuly,1942,foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworking.AlotStatesandlocalcommunities（15）thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar.inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared（16）indaycarecentersreceivingFederal（17）.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment（18）cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater（19）them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir（20）attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

问题1选项

A.late

B.latter

C.other

D.first

问题2选项

A.those

B.them

C.whose

D.imitation

问题3选项

A.imitation

B.input

C.impetus

D.initiative

问题4选项

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

问题5选项

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.only

D.even

问题6选项

A.Because

B.As

C.Although

D.Since

问题7选项

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.Predominantly

D.militantly

问题8选项

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.however

D.moreover

问题9选项

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

问题10选项

A.formulating

B.labeling

C.patenting

D.licensing

问题11选项

A.outset

B.outbreak

C.breakthrough

D.breakdown

问题12选项

A.again

B.thus

C.repeatedly

D.Yet

问题13选项

A.Circumstance

B.occasion

C.case

D.situation

问题14选项

A.regulating

B.summoning

C.allocating

D.transferring

问题15选项

A.expanded

B.facilitated

C.compensated

D.supplemented

问题16选项

A.by

B.after

C.of

D.for

问题17选项

A.pensions

B.subsidies

C.revenues

D.budgets

问题18选项

A.prevalently

B.furiously

C.statistically

D.drastically

问题19选项

A.abolished

B.diminished

C.jeopardized

D.precluded

问题20选项

A.nurseries

B.homes

C.jobs

D.children

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:D

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:C

【解析】第1题:1.考查形容词辨析。由上文可知，美国第一家日托所建于1854年，日托所在各地普遍建立应该是在19世纪后半期。thelatterhalf为后半期。故B项正确。

2.mostof后面接人称代词。句意：大多数幼儿园都是慈善性质的。

3.考查名词辨析。imitation模仿；input输入；initiative主动权；impetus推动，促进，动力；句意：日托所在一战期间受到了很大的推动。

4.考查名词辨析。sources来源;abundance丰富，充裕;shortage短缺;reduction减少。句意：当时劳动力短缺使得大量的女性被雇佣。由下文的industrialemployment…可知是由于劳动力短缺，故C项正确。

5.考查副词辨析。句意：在政府直接倡导下，欧洲一些国家建立了日托所，甚至在军火工厂里也建了日托所。军火工厂相对国家的其他地方来说，层次加深了，故用even.

6.考查逻辑连词。由下文thisrise,wasaccomplished…可知前后句是让步关系，故用although。

7.考查副词辨析。unanimously全体一致地，无异议地;sharply急剧地；predominantly主要地，支配其他地；militarily在军事上。只有sharply能修饰动词rose。句意：尽管美国托儿所数目急剧增长，但并未得到政府的任何资助。

8.考查逻辑连词。前一句提到美国的一些托儿所没有政府资助，该空后面的句子又提到联邦政府以及当地政府开始逐渐对托儿所进行控制，前面两种是转折的关系。

9.考查固定搭配。controlover控制，支配。

10.考查动词辨析。formulate规范;label贴标签于，分类；patent取得专利权;license许可，特许。由后半句的inspect和regulate可知联邦政府对托儿所进行规范化管理。句意：然而在一战后的几年中，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施来控制托儿所，主耍通过检查和规范化化來管理控制托儿所。故A项正确。

11.考查名词辨析。outset开端，开始:outbreak爆发；breakthrough突破：breakdown崩溃，故障。此句句意为二战的爆发，故B项正确。

12.考查逻辑关系。在上一段中提到了一战爆发时，由于劳动力短缺，大量雇佣女性。二战中女性又被号召去替补工厂里的男性。所以要填again.

13.考查名词辨析。circumstance环境，状况；occasion时机，机会；case情况；situation情形；ontheoccasion在那时，能与介词on搭配的只有B项。

14.考查动词辨析。regulate规定，调节；summon召集、召唤；allocate分配;transfer转让，转移。由上句可知美国政府大力支持托儿所，又由空格后的数字可推知此句表达的意思应为美国政府分配了600万美元用于托儿所的发展。故C项正确。

15.考查动词辨析。expanded膨胀、扩充；facilitated使容易、使便利；compensated补偿、偿还；supplemented补充,补全。句意：许多州和地方团体对联邦政府资助进行补充。

16.考查词组辨析。carefor关系，照顾。

17.考查名词辨析。pensions养老金，退休金；subsidies补助金，津贴；revenues国家的收入，税收；budgets预算。句意：一百多万儿童在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里受到照顾。

18.考查副词辨析。prevalently普遍地，流行地；furiously狂暴地，猛烈地;statistically统计上地;drastically激烈地，彻底地。由后文的asharpdrop可知此空应填drastically，由于大量削减用于日托所的开支，导致了托儿所的剧减。故D项正确。

19.考查动词辨析。abolish废除;diminish使减少，变小;jeopard危害，危及；precluded排除。前句提到托儿所大幅度减少支出，后来应该是废除了，所以才导致运营中的日托所大幅减少。故A项正确。

20.考查名词辨析。上文提到了战争爆发时大多数女性被工厂雇佣来替代男性的工作，在战后可推知很多男性回到了工厂，自然不需要这么多女性来替代他们的工作，所以很多被雇佣的母亲离开他们的工作这一愿望得到了实现。故C项正确。

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13.单选题

Topartiallyovercometheproblemoffundsandtospeedthe（）ofWesterntechnology,Hungarysolda30%stakeinitsnationalphonecompanytotwoWesterncompanies.

问题1选项

A.auction

B.harmony

C.sacrifice

D.import

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；harmony“和睦”；sacrifice“牺牲，献祭”；import“进口”；句意：为了部分解决资金问题和加速西方技术的引进，匈牙利将其国家电话公司30%的股份出售给了两家西方公司。匈牙利通过售卖国家电话公司的股份来获得资金以此来引进西方技术。故D项正确。

14.单选题

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too"shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscoiningatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay.holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospect,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.

Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homeprices