2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号40

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

问题2选项

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

问题4选项

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？录音开头就提及：今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及；C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”，虽然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题，因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么？说话者在介绍完主题之后，立马讲到：社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”；B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情，因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据说话者，专业社会工作者有什么共同点？录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说，专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位，因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项；B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及，因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问MelWilson将在这个系列中谈论什么？录音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围，以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”；C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要讨论的内容，因此排除。

2.单选题

Please（）fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.

问题1选项

A.refrain

B.prevent

C.resist

D.restrain

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。refrainfrom克制，抑制，忍住；preventfrom阻止，制止；resist一般与to搭配，意为“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法为restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意为“阻止某人做某事”。这里指克制住抽烟的冲动，所以选项A符合语境。

3.单选题

Theboyhaslearnedfromfairystoriesthatwhatatfirstseemsa（）,threateningfigurecanmagicallychangeintoamosthelpfulfriend.

问题1选项

A.benevolent

B.repulsive

C.compulsive

D.imperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。benevolent“仁慈的，慈善的”；repulsive“令人厌恶的，冷淡的”；compulsive“强制的，强迫的”；imperative“必要的，紧要的”。句意：男孩从童话故事里知道那些第一眼看起来令人厌恶的并且危险的人物会魔法般地变成一个最有用的朋友。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Youngsterswhodrinkandsmoke,andareoftenabsentfromschoolarefarmorelikelytobe（）fromschool.

问题1选项

A.induced

B.disobeyed

C.expelled

D.forbidden

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。选项A,B,D都不能与介词from搭配应用。beexpelledfromschool意为被学校开除,符合句意。句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。

5.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。paradox“似是而非的论点”；junction“连接”；premise“前提，假设”；dilemma“进退两难”。题干中提及家长在面对孩子教育上有两种选择，让他们难以抉择，陷入两难。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Whenrequiredbytheirparentstoeatgreenvegetablesmanychildrenonlydoso（reluctantly）.

问题1选项

A.intimately

B.impatiently

C.unwillingly

D.unknowingly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。reluctantly表示“不情愿地”；A项intimately“亲切地”，B项impatiently“不耐烦地”，C项unwillingly“不情愿地”，D项unknowingly“不知不觉地”。句意：当父母要求吃绿色蔬菜时，很多孩子只是不情愿地这么做。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen（relayed）toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.

问题1选项

A.received

B.reserved

C.rebroadcast

D.enjoyed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：央视所有庆祝春节的节目都通过卫星转播到世界各地。划线词的前缀是re-，选项A和B不符合句意，所以选项C正确。

8.单选题

Thesergeantlookedsharplyintotheeyesoftheconscriptsstandingbeforehimandsnapped,‘‘（

）thesamemistakeagain!”

问题1选项

A.don'tyoumake

B.Donotyoumake

C.Younotmake

D.Makeyounot

【答案】A

【解析】考查祈使句。在否定的祈使句中可以带出主语，这种情况下否定结构只能用don't,不用donot。句意：中士眼神犀利地看着站在他面前的士兵说道：“不要再犯同样的错误！”。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

BeijingisthepoliticalcentreofChina，neverthelessitisarguablyatleastasimportantasacentreofthearts，includingsuchfieldsaspainting,dramaandfilm.

问题1选项

A.China，nevertheless

B.arguablyatleastasimportant

C.asacentreofthearts

D.includingsuchfieldsas

E.没有错误

【答案】E

10.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

问题2选项

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

问题3选项

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

问题4选项

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者如何评价柏林的梦想机场？说话者提到该机场成了德国人的笑话，因此D选项“这在德国人中成了一个笑话”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它现在是欧洲最大最繁忙的机场”录音中并没有信息提及，并且这个机场尚未竣工，所以A选项可排除；B选项“它是德国历史上管理最差的机场”利用录音中perpetualmismanagement设干扰，录音只是提到机场长期管理不善，但无法知道是不是德国历史上最差的，因此排除B选项；C选项“它已经成为德国效率的典型象征”，录音提到德国因为效率而闻名，但现在这个机场错漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C选项明显错误。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问为何柏林需要一个新机场？录音提到，重新统一后的柏林需要一个比现有机场容量大得多的现代机场，说明现有机场的容量对重新统一后的柏林来说是不够的，无法匹配新时期的需求，也就是说“这个城市的机场已经过时”，因此D选项正确。A选项“这个城市想吸引更多游客”和B选项“这个城市想要发展经济”在录音中均未提及；C选项“这个城市刚刚重新统一”是对录音中newly-reunified的断章取义，“重新统一”只是当时的时代背景，表明进入了一个新的时期，但并非计划兴建新机场的原因。

24.WhydidBerlinpostponetheopeningofitsdreamairportagainandagain?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么柏林一再推迟其梦想机场的开放？录音提到，发现问题第一次推迟之后，又发现消防安全系统存在重大问题，接着再推迟，随后又出现了许多其他的主要问题，拖延的时间越长，检查发现的问题就越多。因此A选项“各种各样的问题不断涌现”正确。B选项“资金短缺延误了工程建设”和C选项“建筑公司违反了合同”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“市政府不断更换”利用录音中的changedhands设干扰，更换的是规划公司的领导层，并不是市政府，因此D选项不正确。

25.Whathappenswhiletheairportremainsunused?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问机场闲置时会发生什么？录音提到，闲置的机场造成了巨大的成本，因此B选项“巨大的维护成本会积累起来”正确。A选项“当地居民的抱怨增加”，录音中只是提到居民对于机场的态度是frustration“沮丧”，并没有提到居民的抱怨在增加，因此排除A选项。C选项“所有设备都生锈”和D选项“柏林的旅游业受到影响”在录音中均没有信息提及。

11.单选题

Sheadmiredthedirectortosuchanextentthatshetookhiswordsas（）oracles.

问题1选项

A.divine

B.rebellious

C.faithful

D.unbearable

【答案】A

【解析】divine神圣的,非凡的,极好的；rebellious反抗的,难控制的；faithful忠实的,准确可靠的；unbearable难以忍受的,承受不住的。句意：她非常钦佩导演,把他的话当作神圣的预言。选项A符合语境。

12.单选题

InbothAmericaandEurope,itis（）totipthewaiterorwaitressanywherefrom10%to20%.

问题1选项

A.elementary

B.temporary

C.voluntary

D.customary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。elementary“基本的”；temporary“暂时的”；voluntary“自愿的”；customary“习惯的”。句意：在美国和欧洲，给服务员百分之十到百分之二十的小费是一种习惯。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

问题2选项

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

问题3选项

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude，theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于“独处”的早期研究受到何种批评？录音说，早期的研究存在几个缺点，其中包括把情绪简单地分为积极的和消极的（categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative），D选项中的classified是对录音原文中categorized的同义替换，因此D选项正确。A选项“它忽略了情绪是个人的和主观的事实”和B项“它忽略了情绪可以被控制的可能性”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“它独立测量积极情绪和消极情绪”主要利用measured和independently设置干扰，录音说的是，早期调查在从积极到消极的范围内衡量情绪，忽略了积极和消极情绪可以独立波动的可能性。选项与之表述不相符，因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问我们可以知道哪些关于新研究的结果？录音提到，新研究是为了确定独处对高唤起度情绪的影响，而参与实验的人经过15分钟的独处后，他们的积极与消极两方面的高唤起度情绪都有所减缓（reductionsinbothtypesofemotion），B选项中的reductive与录音原文中的reductions是同根词，都表示“减少，减缓”的意思，因此B选项“独处对高唤起度情绪有减缓作用”正确。A选项“一个人无所事事地坐着似乎很苦恼”和C选项“独自坐15分钟使参与者焦躁不安”在录音中均没有信息提及；D选项“独处会对参与者的心理健康产生不利影响”，主要错在缺乏对独处的修饰词，录音中说的是长期的孤独与负面的生理和心理影响相关，而短暂的独处不会，因此D选项属于以偏概全，表述不正确。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问新研究的第二个实验有何发现？第二个实验测量了独处对低唤起度情绪的影响，并且发现所有这些情绪都会随着时间的推移而增加。D选项“它有助于增强低唤起度情绪”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它往往会使负面情绪加剧”，这些情绪包括积极和消极的情绪，如平静、放松、悲伤或孤独。因此A选项不正确；B选项“事实证明很难客观描述它”，录音提到，独处改变内在感受的强度，对强烈感觉有安抚作用，这正是描述了独处产生的影响，因此B选项也不正确；C选项“它与悲伤密切相关”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

14.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.

B.Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.

C.Conductingresearchonconsumerbehaviour.

D.Observingthechangesinmarketing.

问题2选项

A.Itisachiefconcernofparents.

B.Itisanactofsocialising.

C.Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots.

D.Itisgettingworseyearbyyear.

问题3选项

A.Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.

B.Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehaviour.

C.Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.

D.Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

【解析】RecordingOne

[16]Wellmycurrentresearchisreallyaboutconsumerbehaviour.SorecentlyI’velookedatyoungpeople’sdrinking—andit’sobviouslyamajorconcerntoGovernmentatthemoment.I’vealsolookedathowolderpeoplearerepresentedinthemedia;again,it’sofmajorcurrentinterestwitholderpeoplebecomingamuchlargerproportionofUKandindeedworldsociety.I’malsointerestedinhowconsumersoperateonline,howthatonlinebehaviourmightbedifferentfromhowtheyoperateofflinewhentheygototheshops.Well,Ithinkthattheimportantthinghereistoactuallyunderstandwhat’shappeningfromtheconsumer’sperspective.OneofthethingsthatbusinessesandindeedGovernmentorganisationsoftenfailtodoistoreallyseewhatishappeningfromtheconsumer’sperspective.Forexample,inthecaseofyoungpeople’sdrinking,[17]oneofthethingsthatwe’veidentifiedisthatdrinkingforpeoplesaybetweentheagesof18and24isallaboutthesocialactivity.AlotoftheGovernmentadvertisinghasbeenaboutindividualresponsibilitybutactuallyunderstandingthatdrinkingisverymuchaboutthesocialactivityandfindingwaystohelpyoungpeoplegethomesafelyandnotendupinhospitalisoneofthethingsthatwe’vetriedtopresentthere.

Thekeythingaboutconsumerbehaviouristhatit’sverymuchabouthowconsumerschange.Marketsalwayschangefasterthanmarketing;sowehavetolookatwhatconsumersaredoing.CurrentlyIteachconsumerbehaviourtounder-graduatesintheirsecondyearandwelookatallkindsofthingsinconsumerbehaviourandparticularlyhowconsumersarepresentedinadvertising.Sotheygetinvolvedbylookingatadvertisingandreallycriticallyassessingtheconsumerbehaviouraspectsofitandgettinginvolvedsometimesdoingprimaryresearch.Forexample;[18]lastyearmystudentsspentaweeklookingattheirownpurchasingandanalyseditindetailfromshoppingtotherelationshipthattheyhavewiththeirretailbanksandtheirmobilephoneproviders.Ithinktheyfounditveryusefulanditalsohelpedthemidentifyjustwhatkindofbudgetstheyhadtoo.Thefactofthematteristhatthere’sawholerangeofinterestingresearchoutthereandIthinkastheyearsgoon,there’sgoingtobemuchmoreforustoconsiderandcertainlymuchmoreforstudentstobecomeinvolvedin.

16.Whatisthespeakercurrentlydoing?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者目前在做什么？录音一开始便提及，说话人正在开展主题为消费者行为的研究。C选项“对消费者行为开展研究”与录音表述符合，因此正确。A选项“调查媒体对政府的影响”利用录音中出现的个别字词拼凑而成的，因此不正确；B选项“研究年轻人饮酒的危害”这只是作为一个例子说明说话人是如何对消费者行为进行研究的，并不是讲话人正在研究的问题，因此不正确；D选项“观察销售行为的变化”，录音中说话人只提到市场经常比销售行为变化得快，并不是说话人在观察销售行为的变化，因此也不正确。

17.Whathasthespeakerfoundaboutyoungpeopleddrinking?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问关于年轻人饮酒，说话者有什么发现？录音中，就年轻人饮酒的例子，讲话人指出：对于年龄在18至24岁之间的人来说，喝酒都只是一种社交活动。因此B选项“这是一种社交行为”正确。A选项“是父母最关心的问题”，录音中表述的是年轻人饮酒的现象是政府主要关心的事情，而不是父母，因此不正确。C选项“是许多街头骚乱的原因”和D选项“情况一年比一年糟糕”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

18.Whatdoesthespeakersaythathisstudentsdidlastyear?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者说他的学生去年做了什么？录音中提及，说话人的学生有时会参与初步研究。接着举出例子：去年他的学生花费一周的时间观察自身的购买行为，并对此进行详细分析。B选项“他们花费一周时间研究他们自己的购买行为”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们研究了手机对年轻人的影响”和C选项“他们对广告进行了深入的研究”利用录音中出现的个别字词拼凑而成的，表述不准确，因此排除；D选项“他们分析了多年来的家庭预算”，录音中说话人认为他的学生进行的研究可以帮助他们确定自己的预算，但没有提及对自己的家庭预算进行分析，因此D选项不正确。

15.单选题

Topleasenoone[A]Iwillprescribeadeadlydrug,[B]norgiveadvicewhichmaycausehisdeath.[C]NorwillIgive[D]awomanapessarytoprocureabortion.ButIwillpreservethepurityofmylifeandmyart.

问题1选项

A.Iwillprescribe

B.norgiveadvice

C.NorwillI

D.awoman

【答案】A

【解析】A选项所在内容应该用倒装句式，将Iwillprescribe改为willIprescribe。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theywillpickupsomesouvenirsorgiftitems.

B.Theywillhavetheirvehicleswashedorserviced.

C.Theywilltakeadvantageofthetimetorestawhile.

D.Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.14.

问题2选项

A.Theymayeventuallydriveonetobankruptcy.

B.Theyshouldbedoneawaywithaltogether.

C.Theyaremeantfortheextremelywealthy.

D.Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.15.

问题3选项

A.Smalldailysavingscanmakeabigdifferenceinone’slife.

B.Avacationwillbeaffordableifonesaves20dollarsaweek.

C.Retirementsavingsshouldcomefirstinone’sfamilybudgeting.

D.Agoodwaytosocializeistohavedailylunchwithone’scolleagues.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

【解析】PassageTwo

It’snoaccidentthatmostgasstationshaveconveniencestoresattached.[13]Fewofuscanfillupthetankwithoutbuyingafewsnacks,cigarettes,softdrinksorotheritemswecanlivewithout.Ideserveit.That’swhathardworkingmenandwomensaytojustifytheirlavishvacations,bigstereosystemsorregularrestaurantmeals.Theydodeservesuchindulgences.However,theyalsodeserveahomeoftheirown—asecureretirementandfreedomfromworryingaboutunpaidbills.NooneshouldhavetolivewithwhataTexasmotherdescribedasconstantstress,tension,evenfearaboutmoney.[14]Sadly,thepleasurethatcomesfromextravagancesoftendisappearslongbeforethebillsdo.Thevideocamerathatonesinglemotherboughtforaspecialoccasion,forexample,isnotmuchfunnow.She’sfiguredoutthatitwilltakeheranotherthreeyearstopayitoffat$30amonth.AndtheNewYorkerswhospentabundleonanoutdoorhottubnowadmittheyrarelyuseit,becausewecan’taffordtoheatitinwinter.Thesolution:setpriorities—adduptheannualcostofeachitem,thenconsiderwhatelseyoucouldbuywiththesamemoney.Thatwillhelpyoudecidewhichitemsarereallyworthit.OneChicagowoman,forexample,discoveredthatdailyluncheswithcoworkerscosther$2,000ayear;shedecidedtotakelunchtoworkinstead.[15]“Inowput$20aweekintomyvacationfundandanother20intoretirementsavings,”shesays.“Thosemeanmoretomethanlunch.”

13.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutdriverswhostopatgasstations?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于停在加油站的司机，说话者说了什么？录音开头提到，大部分加油站旁边都会有便利店。很少人在加油站给车辆加油时不会顺道去买一些零食、烟、软饮料等。由此可知，D选项“他们会在便利店买一些东西”正确。A选项“他们会挑选一些纪念品或者礼物”；B选项“他们会将车辆拿去清洗或进行其他服务”和C选项“他们会利用时间休息一会儿”在录音中均未提及。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutextravagances?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于奢侈，说话者说了什么？录音提到，一些努力工作赚钱的人认为他们花钱奢侈地度假、买巨型的立体音响，或者去餐馆吃饭都无可厚非，但是这种享受奢侈消费带来的快乐很短暂，通常在你的账单尚未还清时就已消失殆尽。由此可知，D选项“它们只能带来短暂的快乐”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它们最终会使人走向破产”；B选项“它们应该被彻底摒弃”和C选项“它们代表着非常富有”均不正确。

15.WhatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbytheexampleoftheChicagowoman?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问说话者想通过芝加哥女士的例子表明什么？录音最后举了一个例子：一个生活在芝加哥的女士发现，自己每天跟同事一起吃午饭所花的钱一年累计下来达两千美元。后来该女士就开始自己带午餐。接着她说到自己如今每星期都会把节省下来的钱分别存储到旅游资金和退休积蓄上，对她来说这钱省下来比花在午餐上更加有意义。由此可知，A选项“每日少量的积蓄对个人生活意义重大”符合题意。B选项“如果一个人每周节省20美元，度假是可以接受的”，录音中只提到女士每周把20美元存到旅游资金中，并没有说节省下来的这笔钱就能负担得起旅游费用，因此排除B选项；C选项“退休储蓄应该排在家庭预算第一位”和D选项“交际的好方法就是与同事一起吃午饭”在录音中均没有信息提及，所以不正确。

17.单选题

Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively（）bytheuseofhumor.

问题1选项

A.acquainted

B.installed

C.regulated

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint“使熟悉”；install“安装”；regulate“调节”；facilitate“促进”。句意：幽默可以有效促进职场员工的凝聚力发展和团队合作意识。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Ittookalotofimaginationtocomeupwithsuchan（）plan.

问题1选项

A.inherent

B.ingenious

C.infectious

D.indulgent

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。inherent“内在的,固有的,与生倶来的”;ingenious“有独创性的,机灵的”;infectious“传染的,传染性的”;indulgent“放纵的,宽容的”。句意:想出这样一个巧妙的计划需要很大的想象力。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose（）paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.

问题1选项

A.valueless

B.worthless

C.priceless

D.featureless

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless无价的,贵重的;featureless无特色的。句意：只有一双敏锐的眼睛才能从这些多余的材料中找出那些无价的画。选项C符合句意。

20.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.TheyarepartoftheChristiantradition.

B.TheyaretheoldestbuildingsinEurope.

C.Theyareinworseningcondition.

D.Theyarerenovatedtoattracttourists.

问题2选项

A.Theyconsistofseveralstoreys.

B.Theyarewithoutfoundations.

C.Theyare40metrestallonaverage.

D.Theyhaveahistoryof14centuries.

问题3选项

A.Woodenbuildingskeptthecoldout.

B.Woodwasharmoniouswithnature.

C.TimberwasabundantinScandinavia.

D.TheVikingslikedwoodenstructures.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Datingfromasfarbackasthe12thcentury,theyareclaimedtobetheraresthistoricbuildingsinwesternEurope.ThesebuildingsoffervitalinsightsintoScandinavia’sVikingpast.Butnow,[16]withonly30woodenchurchesremainingandtheirconditiondeteriorating,expertsareworkingtopreservethestructuresforfuturegenerations.

Someofthesespectacularchurchesarenomorethansmallbuildings,barelyfourmeterswideandsixmeterstall.Othersaremuchlargerstructures.Theysoarupto40metersintothecoldair.Mostconsistoftimberframesthatrestonstoneblocks.[17]Thismeansthattheyhavenofoundations.Althoughmanyofthechurchesappearfromtheoutsidetobecomplexstructures,theynormallyfeatureonlyasinglestoreybutnumerousdifferentrooflevels.

StafffromtheNorwegiangovernmenthavecarriedoutconservationworkon10ofthechurchesoverthepasttwoyears.Mostofthesechurchesdatefrombetweenthe12thand14thcenturies.Otherchurcheswereconservedinpreviousyears.Sofar,specialistshaveworkedto