英美文化欣赏

一．连线题1.Shakespeare：TheMerchantofVenice 《威尼斯商人》RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥赛罗》KingLear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》2.AlexenderPopeAnEssayonCriticism《批评论》3.JonathanSwiftGulliver ’sTravels《格列佛游记》4.WilliamWordsworthLyricalBallads 《抒情歌谣集》IWanderedLonelyasaCloud 《云中漫步》5.JaneAustenPrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》Emma《爱玛》CharlotteBront?JaneEyre《简·爱》EmilyBront?WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》8.GeorgeEliotTheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》9.ThomasHardyTessoftheD’Urbervilles,aPureWomanFaithfullyPortrayed《德伯家的苔丝》NathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetter《红字》HermanMelvilleMobyDickBillyBuddEmilyDickinson13.MarkTwainTheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn14.TheodoreDreiserSisterCarrie《嘉丽妹妹》AnAmericanTragedy《美国的悲剧》15.ErnestHemingwayTheSunAlsoRises《太阳照样升起

》ForWhomtheBellTolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》FarewelltoArms 《永别了,武器》Theoldmanandsea《老人与海》GreenHillsofAfria 《非洲的青山》16.RobertBurns: ARedRedRose二．诗歌1、ShallIcomparetheetoaSummer ’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,AndSummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm ’d;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature ’schangingcourse,untrimm ’d;ButthyeternalSummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow ’stNorshallDeathbragthouwander ’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinetotimethougrow ’st.Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee让我如何来把你比作夏天你比夏天还要可爱，而且柔软暴风的五月摧残了鲜嫩的蓓蕾夏天那无情的赁期，又实在是太短有时候太阳的照耀又会太烈，而且那辉煌的面孔也难免乌云的遮掩；每一种美丽，都会有衰谢的一天或者由于无常，或者因为自然。可是你的夏天却不会凋谢你的美丽，也永远不会消散虽然骄傲的死亡可以在夏天投下阴影但是不朽的诗行将照亮你的鲜妍。只要有一个人还在呼吸，还能阅读这首诗就活着，让你的青春生动依然。2、Toseeaworldinagrainofsand,Andaheaveninawild flower,Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand,Andeternityinanhour.一花一世界一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。3、RobertBurns 罗伯特·彭斯ARedRedRosebyRobertBurnsOmyluve'slikeared,redrose.That'snewlysprunginJune;Omyluve'slikeamelodieThat'ssweetlyplay'dintune.Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,SodeepinluveamI;AndIwilllovetheestill,myDear,Tilla'theseasgangdry.Tilla'theseasgangdry,myDear,Andtherocksmeltwi'thesun:Iwillluvetheestill,myDear,Whilethesandso'lifeshallrun.AndfaretheeweelmyonlyLuve!Andfaretheeweelawhile!AndIwillcomeagain,myLuve,Tho'itweretenthousandmile!一朵红红的玫瑰?啊，我的爱人象朵红红的玫瑰，六月里迎风初开，啊，我的爱人象支甜甜的曲子，奏得合拍又和谐。?我的好姑娘，多么美丽的人儿！请看我，多么深挚的爱情！亲爱的，我永远爱你，纵使大海干涸水流尽。?纵使大海千涸水流尽，太阳将岩石烧作灰尘，亲爱的，我永远爱你，只要我一息犹存。?珍重吧，我唯一的爱人，珍重吧，让我们暂时别离，但我定要回来，哪怕千里万里！4、IWanderedLonelyasaCloudIwanderedlonelyasacloud我孤独地漫游，像一朵云Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,在山丘和谷地上飘荡，WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,忽然间我看见一群Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;金色的水仙花迎春开放，Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,在树荫下，在湖水边，Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。Continuousasthestarsthatshine连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,在银河里闪闪发光，Theystretchedinnever-endingline它们沿着湖湾的边缘Alongthemarginofabay:延伸成无穷无尽的一行；TenthousandsawIataglance,我一眼看见了一万朵，Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。Thewavesbesidethemdanced,butthey粼粼波光也在跳着舞，Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,与这样快活的伴侣为伍，Insuchajocundcompany:诗人怎能不满心欢乐！Igazed--andgazed--butlittlethought我久久凝望，却想象不到Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie每当我躺在床上不眠，Invacantorinpensivemood,或心神空茫，或默默沉思，Theyflashuponthatinwardeye它们常在心灵中闪现，Whichistheblissofsolitude;那是孤独之中的福祉；Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,于是我的心便涨满幸福，Anddanceswiththedaffodils.和水仙一同翩翩起舞。6.Idiedforbeauty,butwasscarceAdjustedinthetomb,WhenonewhodiedfortruthwaslainInanadjoiningroom.HequestionedsoftlywhyIfailed?"Forbeauty,"Ireplied."AndIfortruth,-thetwoareone;Webrethrenare,"hesaid.-----IDiedforBeauty,butwasScarcebyEmilyDickinson我是为美而死——被人安置在这个坟冢 ,有人是为真理而亡的 ,也被葬在旁边的穴中 .他曾轻声问道“你为何而死”？“为美，”我回答“我，为真理——两者都一样;我们是兄弟， ”他说话.7、AnExcerptFromChapterIofPride&PrejudiceChapter1、2必看Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.众所周知，一个拥有美好前程的单身男青年需要的就是一名能与他相匹配的妻子。Howeverlittleknownthefeelingsorviewsofsuchamanmaybeonhisfirstenteringaneighborhood,thistruthissowellfixedinthemindsofthesurroundingfamilies,thatheisconsideredastherightfulpropertyofsomeoneorotheroftheirdaughters.这样的单身汉，每逢新搬到一个地方，四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何，见解如何，可是，既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心目中根深蒂固，因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。8、Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure,plain,andlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?Youthinkwrong!—Ihaveasmuchsoulasyou—andfullasmuchheart!AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeautyandmuchwealth,Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleaveme,asitisnowformetoleaveyou.Iamnottalkingtoyounowthroughthemediumofcustom,conventionalities,norevenofmortalflesh:itismyspiritthataddressesyourspirit;justasifbothhadpassedthroughthegrave,andwestoodatGod'sfeet,equal—asweare!你以为我穷，不好看，就没有感情吗？我也会的。如果上帝赋予我财富和美貌，我一定会使你难以离开我，就象现在我难以离开你，上帝没有这样。可我们的精神是同等的，就如她同你跟我经过坟墓，将同样的站在上帝的面前，9、“MygreatmiseriesinthisworldhavebeenHeathcliff'smiseries,andIwatchedandfelteachfromthebeginning:mygreatthoughtinlivingishimself.Ifallelseperished,andHEremained,Ishouldstillcontinuetobe;andifallelseremained,andhewereannihilated,theuniversewouldturntoamightystranger:Ishouldnotseemapartofit.-MyloveforLintonislikethefoliageinthewoods:timewillchangeit,I'mwellaware,aswinterchangesthetrees.MyloveforHeathcliffresemblestheeternalrocksbeneath:asourceoflittlevisibledelight,butnecessary.Nelly,IAMHeathcliff!He'salways,alwaysinmymind:notasapleasure,anymorethanIamalwaysapleasuretomyself,butasmyownbeing.”在这个世界上，我的最大的悲痛就是希刺克厉夫的悲痛，而且我从一开始就注意并且感受到了，在我的生活中，他是我思想的中心。如果别的一切都毁灭了,而他还留下来，我就能继续活下去，如果别的一切都留下来，而他给消灭了，这个世界对于我将成为一个极陌生的地方。我就不像是它的一部分。我对林敦的爱像是树林中的叶子：我完全晓得，在冬天改变树木的时候，时光便会改变叶子。我对希刺克厉夫的爱恰似下面的恒久不变的岩石，虽然看起来它给你的愉快并不多，可是这点愉快却是必需的。耐莉，我就是希刺克厉夫！他永远永远地在我心里.'Youteachmenowhowcruelyou'vebeen-cruelandfalse.WHYdidyoudespiseme?WHYdidyoubetrayyourownheart,Cathy?Ihavenotonewordofcomfort.Youdeservethis.Youhavekilledyourself.Y es,youmaykissme,andcry;andwringoutmykissesandtears:they'llblightyou-they'lldamnyou.Youlovedme-thenwhatRIGHThadyoutoleaveme?Whatright-answerme-forthepoorfancyyoufeltforLinton?Becausemiseryanddegradation,anddeath,andnothingthatGodorSatancouldinflictwouldhavepartedus,YOU,ofyourownwill,didit.Ihavenotbrokenyourheart-YOUhavebrokenit;andinbreakingit,youhavebrokenmine.SomuchtheworseformethatIamstrong.DoIwanttolive?Whatkindoflivingwillitbewhenyou-oh,God!wouldYOUliketolivewithyoursoulinthegrave?'“你现在才使我明白你曾经多么残酷——残酷又虚伪。你过去为什么瞧不起我呢？你为什么欺骗你自己的心呢，凯蒂？我没有一句安慰的话。这是你应得的。你害死了你自己。是的，你可以亲吻我，哭，又逼出我的吻和眼泪：我的吻和眼泪要摧残你 ——要诅咒你。你爱过我——那么你有什么权利离开我呢？有什么权利 ——回答我——对林惇存那种可怜的幻想？因为悲惨、耻辱和死亡，以及上帝或撒旦所能给的一切打击和痛苦都不能把我们分开，而你，却出于你自己的心意，这样做了。我没有弄碎你的心 ——是你弄碎了的；而在弄碎它的时候，你把我的心也弄碎了。因为我是强壮的，对于我就格外苦。我还要活吗？那将是什么样的生活，当你 ——啊，上帝！你愿意带着你的灵魂留在坟墓里吗？ ”四、简答题1、简奥斯丁写作主题及特征ThemeAusten'smainliteraryconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationships.Sheisparticularlypreoccupiedwiththerelationshipbetweenmenwomeninlove.Storiesoflove&marriageprovidethemajorthemesinallhernovels.JaneAustenis oneoftherealistnovelists.Themoststrikingthingaboutherworksistheseemingobviousnesstothebigsocialandpoliticalupheavalsintheoutsideworldofhertime.Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysocietyinhernovels.Austen’sworkhasaverynarrowliteraryfield.SheonlyconfinesherselftotheeverydaylifeofsimplecountrysocietywithvividdescriptionHerinterestiscenteredchieflyuponloveandmarriage.*Herplotsarestraight-forward;thereislittleaction.*Hercharactersarelikereallivingcreatures,withfaultsandvirtuesmixedastheyareinreallife.Herproseflowseasilyandnaturally.Herdialogueisadmirablytruetolife.Hernovelsshowawealthofhumor,witanddelicatesatire.2、简爱的性格JaneEyre'scharacterJaneEyre,anorphanchildwithafieryspirit&alongingtolove&beloved,apoor,plain,littlegovernesswhodarestolovehermaster,amansuperiortoherinmanyways,evenisbraveenoughtodeclaretothemanherloveforhim,cutsacompletelynewwomanimage.InthisnovelCharlottecharacterizesJaneEyreasanaive,kind-hearted,noble-mindedwomanwhopursuesagenuinekindoflove.JaneEyrerepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenwhoarestrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrights&equalityasahumanbeing.Thevividdescriptionofherintensefeelings&herthought&innerconflictsbringshertotheheartoftheaudience.JaneEyreisthegreatestgovernessimageintheliteraturehistory;canyouanalyzethecharacterofher?JaneEyrewasalittleplaingovernesswithquickwit,honesty,frankness,lovingheartandthespiritofindependenceandself-dignity.? Inliterature,sheisanindividualconscioustoself-realization.Shewaslonelyandneglectedyoungwomanwithafiercelongingforlove,understandingandafull,happylife.? Inauthormind,’sman’lifesiscomposedofperpetualstrugglebetweensinandvirtue,goodandevil.Theheroines’joy,comesfromthesacrificeofselfandtheovercomeofsomeweakness.ByJane’sexperience,wecanseethecruelty,hypocrisy,andotherevilsoftheupperclassesandthemiseryandthesufferingofthepoor,andthefalsesocialconventiononloveandmarriage.3、呼啸山庄的主题MajorThemesOfthemajorthemesin WutheringHeights ,thenatureoflove —bothromanticandbrotherlybut,oddlyenough,noterotic —appliestotheprincipalcharactersaswellastheminorones.Contrastingthecapacityforloveistheabilitytohate,therearisesanothermajorthemeinWutheringHeights—revenge.Hateandrevengeintertwinewithselfishnesstoreveal the conflicting emotions that drive peopleto dothings that arenotparticularlyniceorrationale.WutheringHeights isalsoasocialnovelaboutclassstructureinsocietyaswellasatreatiseontheroleofwomen.Onthesurface, WutheringHeights isalovestory.Delvingdeeper,readersfindbothasymbolicandpsychologicalnovel.Bront? explorethemesofgoodversusevil,crimeand punishment, passion versus rationality, revenge, selfishness, division andreconciliation, chaosandorder,nature andculture, healthandsickness,rebellion,andthenatureoflove.Thesethemesarenotindependentofeachother;rather,theymix,mingle,andintertwineasthestoryunfolds.4、《苔丝》作者的写作风格WritingStyleMostofhisworkshavethegloomy,sullenlandscapeofWessexinthebackground.Theunderlyingthemeofhisnovelsisthestruggleofmanagainstthemysteriousforcewhichrulestheworld,bringsmisfortuneintoman ’slifeandpredetermineshisfate.Thisfatalismisstronglyreflectedinhiswritings.Inhisworksthestrongelementsofnaturalismiscombinedwithatendencytowardssymbolism,whichsomewhatspoilthemainrealisticeffectofhisart.Hisnovelsmoverapidlyinaseriesofepisodicdescriptionswithdetailswhichalwaysresultinleavingsufficientroomforthereaders ’imagination.Questions:1. ThesubtitleofthenovelisAPureWomanFaithfullyPortrayed.Allthingsconsidered,wasTessapurewoman?WhyorWhynot?Tesswasapurewoman.a.pureherenotreferstothephysicalmeaningbutthespiritualone.Throughoutthenovel,Tesswasloyaltohertruefeelings.SheremainedherloyaltytoAngel.Aleconlyclaimedherbody.ShewasspirituallywithAngelallthetime.b.Sheisresponsibleanddoesherbestforthefamily.c.Sheishonest.d.Shecouldfacehertragedywithgreatdignity.WhydowesayTess’stragedyisapersonalaswellasasocialone?6、浪漫主义的独特特征TheuniquecharacteristicsofAmericanRomanticismAlthoughgreatlyinfluencedbytheirEnglishcounterparts,theAmericanromanticwritersrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands.TheAmericannationalexperienceof"pioneeringintothewest"provedtobearichsourceofmaterialforAmericanwriterstodrawupon.(2)ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.WiththegrowthofAmericannationalconsciousness,Americancharactertypesspeakinglocaldialectsappearedinpoetryandfictionwithincreasingfrequency.ThentheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvaluesandAmericanRomanticism.Besides,apreoccupationwiththeCalvinisticviewoforigina1sinandthemysteryofevilmarkedtheworksofHawthorne,Melvilleandahostoflesserwriters.7、欧洲浪漫主义对美国浪漫主义的影响及表现在哪方面TheimpactofEuropeanRomanticismonAmericanRomanticismForeignliterarymasters,especiallytheEnglishcounterpartsexertedastimulatingimpactonthewritersofthenewworld.Bornofonecommonculturalheritage,theAmericanwriterssharedsomecommonfeatureswiththeEnglishRomanticists.Theyrevoltedagainsttheliteraryformsandideasoftheperiodofclassicismbydevelopingsomerelativelynewformsoffictionorpoetry.Theyputemphasisupontheimaginativeandemotionalqualitiesofliterature,whichincludedalikingforthepicturesque,theexotic,thesensuous,thesensational,andthesupernatural.TheAmericansalsoplacedanincreasingemphasisonthefreeexpressionofemotionsanddisp1ayedanincreasingattentiontothepsychicstatesoftheircharacters.ThestrongtendencytoexalttheindividualandthecommonmanwasalmostanationalreligioninAmerica.WriterslikeFreneau,Bryant,andCoopershowedagreatinterestinexternalnatureintheirrespectiveworks.Theliteraryuseofthemorecolorfu1aspectsofthepastwasalsotobefoundinIrving'sefforttoexploitthelegendsoftheHudsonRiverregion,andinCooper'slongseriesofhistoricaltales.Inshort,AmericanRomanticismis,inacertainway,derivative.8、霍桑的写作主题及写作特色Hawthorne'sthematicconcernshis"black"visionoflifeandhumanbeings:hisconcernwithhumansinandevil.Hawthorne'sviewofPuritanism:Hawthorne'sviewofmanandhumanhistoryoriginates,toagreatextent,inPuritanism.HewasnotaPuritanhimself,buthehadPuritanancestorswhop1ayedanimportantroleinhislifeandworks.另一个答案Histhemesinwritingare:Manwasbornwithevilandsin,onesourceofthemisover-reachingintellect,whoseimagewasalwaysvillain;(Chllingworthe.g.)HawthornewasinfluencedgreatlybyPuritanism,whilehecriticizeditbitterly;HebelievedCalvinisticideas,thinkingmanwasdepravedandcorrupted;theyshouldobeyGodforsavingthespirits;4)Heconcernedthemorallifeofmanandhumanhistory;5)Hewaskeenonthedescriptionofman ’sdevelopmentofpsychology.Hawthorne'swritingstyleAsamanofliterarycraftsmanship,Hawthorneisextraordinaryinthat(1)Thestructureandtheformofhiswritingsarealwayscarefullyworkedouttocaterforthethematicconcern.Withhisspecia1interestinthepsychologica1aspectofhumanbeings,thereisn'tmuchaction,orphysicalmovementgoingoninhisworksandheisgoodatexploringthecomplexityofhumanpsychology.Hawthorneisalsoagreatallegoristandalmosteverystorycanbereadallegorically.(4)Hawthorneisamasterofsymbolism,whichhetookfromthePuritantraditionandbequeathedtoAmericanliteratureinarevivifiedform.Thesymbolservesasaweapontoattackandpenetratereality.Thesymbo1canbefoundeverywhereinhiswriting.(5)ThescarletletterAisambiguous.Peoplecomeupwithdifferentinterpretationsandtheydonotknowwhichoneisdefinite.So,ambiguityisoneofthesalientcharacteristicsofHawthorne'sart.9、白鲸的象征意义symbolicmeanings? Pequod:aminiaturesocietybyindividualizingatrainofcharacters.Itisasymbolofthewholeworldwithpeopleofeverylandsailingacrossthewatersoflifeinquestofitsmystery.ItisoneoftheAmericansoul,amicrocosmofAmericansociety.Thevoyageitselfisametaphorforthesearchfortheultimatetruthofexperience.? MobyDick:Totheauthor,itsymbolsnature,itiscomplex,unfathomableandbeautiful;TothecaptainAhab,itisevilness,isawall.Sohewillleadallhiscrewtocutthroughthewalltodigoutalltheunknown,mysteriousthingsbehindit.Tothenarrator,Ishmael,itisamystery.Itswhiteness:alsoaparadoxicalcolor,signifyingasitdoesdeathandcorruptionaswellaspurity,Hiswritingisconsciouslyliterary.Hisrichrhythmicalproseandpoeticpowershowhishighcraftsmanship.Hisgrammaticalstructureisradicallycomplexandlong,butfullofpoeticrhythms.Hisstyleishighlysymbolicandmetaphorical.Thereisathreefoldqualityinhiswriting:thestyleoffact,thestyleoforatoryce