新视野大学英语课件2-7lightenyourloadandsave

1、Book 2 Unit 7Lighten Your Load and Save Your LifeAre You a Workaholic?Background InformationWatchandDiscussStructureAnalysisDetailedStudyoftheTextExercisesLighten YourLoadandSaveYour LifeDr.Robert S.Eliot.Dr.Robert S. Eliot,theauthor ofthebook:From StresstoStrength:How to LightenYourLoad andSave You

2、rLife. Youcanreada short discussiononhis bookatthewebsitegiven:TheUniversityofNebraskaTheuniversity(1869)has fourcampuses. Itsmain campusislocated in Lincoln, where colleges of artsand sciences,agriculture,education,architecture, engineering,andtechnology,businessadministration, homeeconomics,journa

3、lism,andlaw arehoused. ItsOmahacampushas coursesleadingtobachelors andmastersdegrees.TheUniversityofNebraskas medicalcenter hascollegesofmedicine,nursing,dentistry,andpharmacy.QuotesfromBenFranklinEattolive,and notlive to eat.Earlytobedand early to rise, makes aman healthy, wealthy, andwise.Toerrish

4、uman, to repentdivine; to persistdevilish.Anounceofprevention is worth apoundofcure.Beslow in choosing afriend,slowerinchanging.Dr.Cheryl Fraser:WorkStress ManagementWhat do youusually do whenyou confront withstress in yourlife?2.Whatarethe Doctors suggestions on dealingwiththeworkstress?视频播放放Main i

5、deaofthe text?Centeringaround howtolighten yourloadandsaveyour life, thepassage analyzes theroot of stressandprovidesthe waysofreducingstress accordingtothestudyofDr. RobertS.EliotofNebraskaUniversity.Part I(para.1-7)Part II(para.8-11)Part III(para.12-20)Therelationbetweenstressand healthdiscovered

6、by Dr.RobertS.Eliot.Therootofstress.Thewaysoflighteningtheload.feelangryandoverwhelmed,(Para.1)overwhelmvt. 1) (of feelings) make (sb) completely helpless, usu. suddenly使伤心，兴奋e.g.Shewasoverwhelmedwith grief at thenews of hersonsdeathinaccident.听到儿子子在事故故中丧生生的消息息,她悲悲痛欲绝。Thewholenation wasoverwhelmedwi

7、th theexcitement becauseofitsvictory in biddingfor hostingthe2008 OlympicGames.e.g.由于申办办2008年奥奥运会成成功,整整个国家都沉沉浸在兴兴奋激动动之中。e.g.Thepolicemanoverwhelmedtherobber by holdinghis arm.e.g.They wereoverwhelmedbytheenemy.vt. 2) defeat征服，战胜他们被敌敌军击垮垮了。警察抓住住抢劫者者的胳膊膊制服了他。e.g.Helost position throughsituationsbeyond

8、hiscontrol.他因无法法控制局局势而丢丢了乌纱纱帽。e.g.Thecar wentoutofcontrolandcrashed.小汽车失失去控制制，撞毁毁了。2.spinningout of control,(Para.1)outofcontrolnot in ones authority or power失去控制扩展beyond control无法控制e.g.Ittook thefire fighters hours to bring thefireundercontrol.消防队员员用了几几个小时时的时间间才终于于控制住住了火势。under control控制住3.Sosays D

9、r.RobertS.Eliot,(Para.3) Its an inverted sentence. The normal order is: Dr. Robert S. Eliot says so. The subject of the sentence is very long and, what is more, the subject bears the new information of the whole sentence. To keep the sentence in balance, and to achieve the end-weight and end-focus,

10、the word “so” is put at the very beginning and the verb comes before the subject. e.g.Sowasinventedthe mostimportant deviceinthe18thcentury.e.g.Sogoes therumor.谣言如斯斯。就这样， 18世纪最最重要的的设备诞诞生了。4.Perfectionistscannotdelegate. (Para.9)Shedelegatedhisresponsibilitiestohersecretary.她委托秘秘书代司司其责。Many nationsse

11、nddelegatestotheUnited Nations.许多国家家向联合合国派驻驻代表。delegate1) v. give (part of ones rights, etc.) to sb. else for a certain time委托e.g.e.g.2) n. sb. who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group代表团5.They getangrythat theyhavetocarryitall, andthey blowtheirtops.(Para. 9)(sla

12、ng) explode with anger, lose ones temper大发雷霆e.g.blow ones topMyboss willblow histopwhen hesees whathappenedtothe machine.我看到车车这个样样子肯定定会大发发脾气。e.g.When he toldher howmuch it cost,sheblew hertop.当他告诉诉她东西西的价格格时，她她大发脾脾气。Hestirredmilk intothe coffee.他把咖啡啡中的牛牛奶搅匀匀。1) vi. move (sth.) in a round motion throu

13、gh a liquid or mixture, move slightly搅拌6.stirinyour ownjuice(Para.10)stire.g.e.g.Youare so rudenot eventostirfromyour seatwhenI calledyou.我叫你时时，你竟竟坐着动动也没动动，太无无礼了。 2) vt. make active; excite激发e.g.Thelegendstirredthegirls imagination.那个传说说激起了了女孩子子的想像像力。 3) n. stirring, great excitement搅拌e.g.Give thebr

14、othastir. 把肉肉汤搅一一搅。e.g.Hisspeech hascausedastirintheuniversity.他的演讲讲在大学学引起了了轰动。7. withnosafety outlet (Para.10)outletn. a means of expression, exit or escape发泄e.g.Professionalwomenneedanoutletfortheirstress.职业女性性需要有有释放压压力的渠渠道。e.g.This taskprovidesanexcellentoutletforhis artisticimpulse.这项任务务为他的的艺术冲冲

15、动提供供了一个个绝妙的的展示机会。I wouldntrecommendreading whilewalking;itmayaffect youreyes.我不赞成成走路时时看书，这会损损伤眼睛睛。8.Eliotrecommends takingchargeofyour life. (Para.13) v. 1) suggest, advise建议recommende.g.e.g.Thedoctorrecommendeda changeofclimate forhishealth.医生建议议他换换换气候环环境以便便恢复健健康。e.g.Wouldyoupleaserecommendmeforthe

16、 job?麻烦您推推荐我做做这项工工作好吗吗？ v. 2) praise sth. or sb. as suitable for a purpose or for a post推荐,推介e.g.Canyourecommendmea goodtravel agency?你能给我我介绍一一家好一一点的旅旅行社吗吗？9. being stimulatedintellectually(Para.15)stimulatevt. make sb. / sth. more active激发，激励 Shewasstimulatedinto newefforts.她受到了了鼓励，正在作作出新的的努力。e.g.F

17、inancialreward willstimulateapersonintofurther efforts.金钱奖励励会激励励人不断断努力。e.g.Antagonism rundeep andtempersareoftenshort.敌意很深深，往往往一碰碰就会发发脾气。10. andremainingeven-tempered (Para.15)tempern. state of the mind 脾气 e.g.扩展 even-tempered 性情平和的 mild-tempered 温和的 hot- / quick- / short-tempered 脾气急躁的 sweet-temper

18、ed 性情温柔的 moody-tempered 喜怒无常的 good-tempered 好脾气的 bad- / ill-tempered 坏脾气的 11. andsetyourpriorities.(Para.16)priorityn. 1)C sth. that needs attention, service, etc. before others优先考虑的事What areyourprioritiesinthis whole matter?在这件事事中你优优先考虑虑的是什什么？e.g.n. 2) U the state or right of coming before others i

19、n position or time优先权e.g.Wehave aprioritybooking systemformembers of theclub.我们的订订票制度度是优先先照顾俱俱乐部成成员。Herviewpointdiffers fromyourscompletely.她的观点点和你的的完全不不一样。12.From Eliotsviewpoint,(Para.19)viewpointn. a particular way of thinking about a problem or subject观点e.g.e.g.Youresupposedtosolvethe problemfro

20、mapracticalviewpoint.你们应该该以务实实的态度度来解决决这一问问题。13. other troublesome parts of yourlife(Para.19)troublesomea. causing trouble or anxiety, causing pain麻烦的 quarrelsome 好争吵的, 动辄争吵的 burdensome 繁重的, 成为负担的 tiresome 令人厌烦的, 烦人的 lonesome 孤单的, 孤寂的 e.g.John is atroublesomestudent in my class.约翰是我我班的一一个调皮皮学生。扩展e.g.

21、Tomorrowwill be thedeadlineforhandinginthehomework.明天是交交家庭作作业的最最后期限限。Ourdeadlinewasonlyfour daysaway.离最后期期限只有有四天了了。14. withthings liketrafficjams,deadlinesand(Para.20)deadlinen. a date or time by which sth. has to be done or completed最后期限e.g.e.g.Uptofive millionpolitical refugees havefledtoothercoun

22、tries.多达500万名名政治难难民已逃逃往他国国。Thenewsisjust reaching us thatthe Presidenthasfledthecountry.我们才得得到消息息说总统统已逃到到国外。15.Youcant flee. (Para.20)fleev. leave somewhere very quickly in order to escape from danger逃跑e.g.读写教教程:Ex.II,p.182读写教教程:Ex.,p.182读写教教程:Ex.,p.183读写教教程:Ex.,p.184读写教教程:Ex.,p.185读写教教程:Ex.,p.185读写

23、教教程:Ex. ,p.183读写教教程:Ex.,p.184.Answerthe followingquestions.1.AccordingtoDr. RobertS.Eliot,whatshouldyou do if youdontwant to break yourheart?Youshould learn to takecharge of yourlivesand recognizetherearemanythingsbeyond yourcontrol.2.Forthosewho arecalled“hotreactors”,what maybetheresult of being t

24、ense?Beingtensemaycausetremendousandrapidincreases in their blood pressure.3.AccordingtoEliot, whatdid researchers findthroughyearsofwork?They findthatexcessalarmorstress chemicalscanliterally burst heart musclefibers, creating manyshortcircuitsand causingcrazyheartrhythms.4.What mainfactors,accordi

25、ng to Eliot,causeharmful levelsofstress?Fear,uncertaintyanddoubt,togetherwith thelack of control.5.What kinds of peopledoes theauthormentiontoillustrate “therootoftheirstressisanger”?Onekindisprofessionalwomen, theotherkind is peoplewhohaveno“compassinlife”.6.What newfactors doesEliotrecommend in or

26、der to calmyourselvesdown?TheNICEfactorsnew,interesting,challengingexperiences.7.What doesthe exampleofBen Franklin show?Theexampleshowsthat youcantfulfill allyour great ambitions,soyou havetoset yourpriorities.8.From Eliotsviewpoint,howdowefaceallthe problems anddifficultiesinour daily lives?Wecant

27、complainorescape. We havetolearnhow to dealwiththem.III. Complete thefollowingsentences withthe helpofthefirstletter(s).Fill eachblankwithonewordonly.1.Thedoctorre_thatheshouldstaya fewmore daysinthe hospital.2.Sheat_ herbrokenmarriagetoher husbandsshorttemper.3.Youmustthinkandact in_ofothers; do no

28、trely on their opinions or judgments.4.Each clubde_onemember to attendthestatemeetinglast mendstributeddependentlylegated5.They gotinto an ar_ about whethertostayathome or to go to theseaside fortheholiday.6.Hef_away at thefirstsightofdanger.7.This is an importantmatter, so we mustgiveitp_overalloth

29、erbusiness.8.Beingshortofmoneyisa bittr_but well do whatwecan.gumentledriorityoublesomeIV.Replacetheunderlinedwordsorexpressionsinthefollowing sentenceswith words or expressions fromthe textthatbest keepthe original meaning.1.Thebosswouldexplode withangerwhen he finds thecompany is in amess,totallyo

30、utofcontrolandorder.2.Moreover, we wereveryinterested to hearwhat hadhappenedtoourhouse.blow histopAmongotherthings3.Whoistotake controlofthecompanys business whenthe bossisaway?find an outletfor5.Hetalkstohisbestfriends toletgoofhisanger.putemphasison4.Sheplacedspecialimportance onbeginningwork imm

31、ediately.take chargeof6.A heavy rainmay be badintheopinionoftourists.cutdownon8.Shereducedthenumber of cigarettesthat shesmokesfrom30to10a day.substitutedoliveoilfor butter7.Toreducemylevelofcholesterol, Ireplacedbutterwith oliveoilincooking.from theviewpointofV.Thesuffix fulisaddedtonounstoformadje

32、ctives withmeaningoffull of,givingorhaving Forexample,use usefuldelightdelightfulhopehopefulhelphelpfulThesuffix less is added to nouns to formadjectiveswith meaningofwithoutornotgivingForexample,child childlessdoubtdoubtlesscare carelessspeech speechlessNowcompleteeachofthefollowing sentenceswith t

33、heproperformofthewordsgiveninbrackets, using eitherthesuffix fulorthe suffix-less dependingonthecontext.1.(end) Imfedupwithyour _complaining.endless2.(thought)You often look_ these days; is there anything wrong?thoughtful(harm)Smokingis_tohealth, butI dont understandwhy there arestillsomany peoplewh

34、osmoke.harmful(rest)Afterlistening to thespeaker forthreehourstheaudiencebecame _ .restless5.(beauty)Driving aroundthefootofthemountain, thetouristssuddenlycame in sight of avery_ lake.beautiful(success)Wereyou_inpersuadinghimtochange hismind?successful(fear)Hegavethem hishonestopinion,_ofthe result

35、s.fearless(joy)Didyou go to their weddingcelebration? Ihearthat there wasa lotoffunand it wasa really_time.joyfulVI.The suffix-ize (or:-ise)isaddedtoadjectives or nouns to formthe verbs,with themeaning of causing or making.Forexample,modern+-ize (or:-ise) modernize(or:modernise)organ+-ize (or:-ise)

36、organize (or:organise)Add-ize (or:-ise)tothefollowing adjectivestoformverbs. Changetheformwherenecessary. Thencompletethe followingsentenceswiththenewlyformed verbs.realglobalAmericanpopularnationaleconomyindustrialhospital1.TheBritish government_ therailwaysasearlyas1948.Sincethen therailwayshave b

37、eenownedand managedbythe government.nationalizedHebrokea legwhen playingfootballand was_foramonth.hospitalizedThereistobea meetingoftradeministers fromthe major _ countries.industrializedThelocalresidents haveto_ on water duringthedry season.economizeThrough years of effortsthe young man_hisaim of b

38、ecoming astorywriter.realizedThecar companyismaking useofthemassmediato_itsnew model programmedtobemadeavailabletothe publicearlynext year.popularizeTheworldeconomyisbecomingmore andmore _,sowemust makenew policies to meetcompetitionfromothercountries.globalizedListayedinthe Statesforabout10yearsbut

39、 he couldnt gethimself _asheneveradaptedhimself to American food.AmericanizedVIIStudythe model andrewrite thefollowingsentences,applyingtheprinciple of end-weight.Model:Dr.Robert S. Eliot,authorofanewbooktitledFromStresstoStrength: HowtoLighten YourLoadandSaveYour Life, saysso.Sosays Dr.RobertS.Elio

40、t, authorofa newbook titledFrom StresstoStrength:How to LightenYourLoad andSave YourLife.1.Sotheecho-soundingdevice, nowingeneral useinships,was born.Sowasborntheecho-soundingdevice,nowingeneraluseinships.2.A periodofrevolutionary changefrom onetotheotherlies betweenthe oldandthe neweconomicprogram.

41、Between theoldand theneweconomicprogramliesa periodofrevolutionary changefrom onetotheother.3.Twoplates,onemadeofclearglassandthe other ofgroundglass, areattheend of akaleidoscope.Attheend of akaleidoscope aretwoplates,onemade of clear glass andtheotherofground glass.4.Thearrows,stonesand handbombst

42、hatwere shotbythesoldierswho hidthemselves in thetreeswent off.Offwentthearrows,stonesand handbombsthatwere shotbythe soldiers whohidthemselvesinthetrees.5.Suddenlythestudentsaskedanembarrassingquestion,and thenacompleteanddeathlike silencefollowed.Suddenlythestudentaskedanembarrassingquestion,and t

43、henfollowedacompleteanddeathlikesilence.VIII.Combine thefollowingsentencesusing theconjunctionthemorethe more.Model:Peopleget hot,physiologically,with mentalstress.They arelikelytoblowapartwith someheartproblem.Thehotter peopleget, physiologically,withmentalstress,themorelikelytheyaretoblowapartwith

44、 someheartproblem.1.I often practice.I playwell.ThemoreoftenI practice,thebetter Iplay.2.Wegotuphighintheair.Itbecamecold.Thehigher we gotupintheair,thecolder it became.3.Thesteelcontainsmuchcarbon(碳) andthecoolingisquick.The steel becomeshard.Themorecarbonthe steel contains andthequicker thecooling

45、 is,theharder thesteelbecomes.4.Thegirlslikedthe movingstory.Itmadethem cry.Themorethegirlslikedthe movingstory,the moreitmadethem cry.5.Heeats much. He becomesfat.Themoreheeats,thefatter he becomes.1.医生建议议说,有有压力力的人要要学会做做一些新新鲜有趣趣、富有有挑战性性的事情情,来来发泄负负面情绪绪。Thedoctor recommendsthatthosestressedpeopleshou

46、ld trysome new,interestingand challenging thingsinordertogive their negative feelings an outlet.Translatethe followingsentencesintoEnglish.giveanoutletrecommend2.那那个学生生的成绩绩差，老老师给他他布置了了更多的的作业，而不是是减少作作业量。Theteachergivesmore homework to thestudentswhohas badgrades, insteadofallowinghim to cutthat down.

47、3.尽尽管我已已经把许许多任务务分派给给其他人人去做，我依然然担心这这项计划划无法赶赶在4月月1日截截止期前前完成。AlthoughIve delegatedmany tasks to other people,Im still afraidthat Iwontbeabletofinishthe planbefore theApril1 deadline.cutdowndeadlinehave badgrades4.从从医生的的角度看看，脾气气越急躁躁的人越越易于失失控。因因此他们们往往容容易患心心脏病。From adoctorsviewpoint,thehotter-tempered peo

48、pleget, themore likelythey aretolose control. Consequently,theytend to sufferfrom heart diseases.from adoctorviewpoint5.教教师首先先要考虑虑的事情情之一是是唤起学学生的兴兴趣，激激发他们们的创造造性。exciteprioritiesA teacherspriorities includeexcitingstudentsinterestsand stimulating their creativity.AreYouaWorkaholic?Reading SkillsDetail

49、edStudyoftheTextExercisesFinding OutWord Meanings Aswelearned in Unit2,wecan often figureoutthe meaningofanunfamiliarword fromcluesprovidedbycontext.The contextcluesthatmightbehelpful forustorecognizethe meaningofanewwordinclude thefollowing.1.Some sentencesgive thedefinition fora difficultword with

50、the helpofpunctuationsuch as commas,dashes or parentheses.2.Context sometimesgivesexamplestoillustrate adifficult wordrather thandefine it.Wecanuse theexamplestofigureout themeaning of an unfamiliarword.3.Synonyms(同义词词)arewordsorphrasesthat aresimilar in meaning. Asynonymisonetypeofcontext cluethath

51、elpsyoutodetermine themeaningsofunfamiliar words.4.Antonyms(反义词词)arewordsorphrasesthat haveoppositemeaningstootherwordsorphrases.Antonymcluescanhelpyouunderstandnewwords.5.Sentencesbefore or aftera sentence thathas adifficult wordsometimes explainthe meaningofthe word.6.Sometimeswecan useourownexper

52、iences, or ourknowledgeabouta certaintopic, to findout themeaning of an unfamiliarword.7.Word partclues.Wecan often figureoutanunfamiliarword becauseweknowtheprefix or suffixattachedtotherootword,orthetwo words thatmakeupa compound word.e.g.Thetruthwas quiteotherthanwhat Ithought.事实真相相和我所所想的完完全不一一样。

53、e.g.Youcantget thereotherthanbyflying.除了坐飞飞机，没没有其他他办法可可以去那那儿了。1. havinga lifeotherthanwork.(Para.2)1)instead of,exceptfor除了otherthan2) not; anything but绝不2. one-dimensionallives.(Para. 2)a.ofa particularfactor三维的的dimensionale.g.three-dimensionalfilms三维动画画,立立体动画画e.g.Theimageonthe paper seems to havea

54、thirddimension.纸上的图图像看起起来有立立体感。dimensionn.1)C,Umeasures测测量e.g.What arethedimensionsofthedesk?这个桌子子的长宽宽高各是是多少？n.2)a particularsideoraspect方方面e.g.Everyones characterhasseveraldifferentdimensions.每个人的的性格都都是多方方面的。扩展e.g.Such amistakewouldperhaps leadtoterribleconsequences.这样的错错误也许许会导致致灾难性性的后果果。3. negativ

55、e consequence.(Para.3)n.1)Cresult结果consequencen.2)Uimportance重要要e.g.Itisoflittleconsequencetoamanofsuch greatconsequence.对这样的的显要人人物而言言，这件件事无关紧要要。e.g.Hepayslipservicetofeminism,but hiswife still doesall thehousework.他口口声声声支持持女权主主义,但但他家的的全部家家务仍是是他妻子子的事。4.Despite lipservice to thecontrary (Para.3)suppo

56、rt inwords,not in fact口口头支持持lipservicee.g.I knowshesunhappy,despiteallher argumentstothecontrary.尽管她竭竭力说她她很快乐乐，可我我知道她她并不幸幸福。tothecontraryshowing theoppositeistrue相反辨析onthecontrary: expressingstrong oppositiontowhat hasjust beensaide.g.Itisnta hugemistake;onthecontrary, itsagood thing.这不是个个极大的的错误，恰恰相

57、相反，这这是件好好事。e.g.I believeyou likeyourjob.Onthecontrary,I hateit!我相信你你喜欢你你的工作作。可我我恰恰相相反,我讨厌它它。5.loyalemployees(Para. 3)a.true to ones friends, group,country,etc.忠诚e.g.A goodfriend is alwaysloyal.好朋友永永远是忠忠诚的。loyale.g.Shehas remainedloyaltohimthroughouthismisfortune.在他遭受受不幸期期间,她她自始至至终对他他保持忠忠诚。Good caris

58、notnecessarilyexpensive.好车未必必价钱贵贵。6. goodfeelingswemay notnecessarilybeable to attain (Para.4)possiblybutnot certainly不一一定notnecessarily“Hewas lying,ofcourse.”“Notnecessarily.”“他肯定定在说谎谎。”“未必必。”e.g.e.g.e.g.Because of thedepressedeconomy,almost onethirdofouremployees weredischarged.因为经济济不景气气，几乎乎三分之之一员

59、工工被解雇雇了。e.g.Thepoison wasdischargedinto theriverandkilled allthefish.毒物排放放到河里里,把鱼鱼都毒死死了。7. thatneedsdischarging. (Para.6)vt.1)send outgas, liquid,smoke, etc.排放vt.2)giveofficialsanctionforsb. to leave解雇dischargevi.giveorsendout排放e.g.Theoil whichdischargedinto theseaseriously harmeda lotofbirdsandanim

60、als.泄入大海海的石油油严重危危害了大大量鸟兽兽。n.U,Csth.that is discharged排排放物e.g.Thousandsoffishwere killedbydischargefrom anearby factory.附近一家家工厂的的排放物物造成了了成千上上万的鱼死亡亡。e.g.Heflatlydeniedthecharge.他断然否否认该项项指控。8.They denythe excessivetime (Para. 8)v.declare untrue;refuse to admit否认denye.g.Hedeniedknowing anything aboutthe