2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号87

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.1. The recent speculation includes the possibility that the first living cells might have arisen on Mars, seeding Earth via the many meteorites that are known to travel from Mars

2、 to our planet.2. Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with words: I count only the happy hours.3. Failure to greet a person you recognize or to answer a greeting given to you is an unkindness to the other person, and very bad manners.4. Everyt

3、hing can be taken from a man but one thingthe freedom to choose his attitude in any given set of circumstances. (Leonhard Frand).5. There is a growing trend of sending teenage students abroad to studythe number has been increasing dramatically. Their parents are fantasized by myths about education o

4、ffered in foreign countries. They are attracted by the educational exhibitions presented by foreign universities and colleges, which paint many rosy pictures and tell many glow tales prompting them into actions. However, sending young children to study abroad may not predict result in success. Many

5、young students lack adaptability and flexibility.【答案】1.最近的推测包括第一批具有生命的细胞可能出现在火星上，通过很多从火星飞到地球的陨石将上面的种子播种到地球上。2.威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭漫步的好去处，她从容宁静，闲适悠然，连城中的日冕上都刻着这样的铭文：只记住快乐的时光。3.不向你认识的人打招呼或不回应别人的问候是不友好，也是非常不礼貌的行为。4.任何东西都可以从一个人的身上拿走，但有一样不行，那就是在任何特定的环境中选择自己的生活态度的自由。（莱昂哈德弗兰克）5.现在越来越流行送十几岁的学生出国留学，而且这个人数也在急剧增加。他们的

6、父母被外国提供的教育神话所迷惑。他们被外国大学和学院举办的教育展所吸引，这些展览描绘了许多美好的画面，讲述了许多激励他们采取行动的光辉故事。然而，送孩子出国留学可能无法预测成功的结果。许多年轻学生缺乏适应能力和灵活性。2.单选题Although, some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate_writing a business letter.问题1选项A.in the event ofB.in the light ofC.in case ofD.in terms of【答案】D【解析】短语搭配题。

7、A选项in the event of万一发生；B选项in the light of根据，按照；C选项in case of 万一，如果发生，假设；D选项in terms of关于，在方面，就而言。根据句意可知，尽管一些学生已经高中毕业，但他们在商务信函的写作方面几乎是一窍不通。因此，本题正确答案为D项。3.单选题Provided that my expense_，I will go with you for the investigation next week.问题1选项A.are paid forB.will be paidC.can be paidD.be paid for【答案】C【解析

8、】考查一般现在时态。provided that表示“假如，设若”，在连接句子时相当于if，由主句中的will可知从句为一般现在时（主将从现）。expense表示“费用（总称）”时为不可数名词，pay在此句中作及物动词，在主动句中pay的宾语为my expense，此处表示被动，因此选C。句意：如果我的费用可以被支付，我下周就和你一起去调查。4.单选题The director gave me his _that he would double my pay if I did my job well.问题1选项A.warrantB.obligationC.assuranceD.certainty【

9、答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“许可证，授权证”；B选项obligation“责任，义务”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”；D选项certainty“确实的事，必然的事”。句意：主任向我保证，如果我把工作做好，他会给我双倍的工资。5.单选题John said that he didnt quite_and asked me to repeat what I had said.问题1选项A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatch up“夺取，猛然抓住”；B选项summon u

10、p“鼓起（勇气），使出（力气），唤起”；C选项catch on“理解，明白，变得流行”；D选项watch out“当心，注意”。根据asked me to repeat what I had said可推测前面指他没听明白我说的话，因此选C。句意：John说他没有太明白，要我重复我下我所说的话。6.单选题A newly developed robot that can show its emotions by smiling or frowning may one day help computer users talk as quickly and easily to machine_wit

11、h other people.问题1选项A.such as they now talkB.like they now talkC.as much as they now doD.as they now do【答案】D【解析】考查比较级。在as.as.引导的同级比较中，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。根据quickly and easily可知选D。句意：一种新开发的机器人可以通过微笑或皱眉头来表达自己的情感，也许有一天它能帮助计算机用户像现在一样快速、方便地与机器交流。7.单选题Your analogy was not a good one be

12、cause the two situations are not similar.问题1选项A.comparisonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项comparison n.比较，对照；B选项categorization n.分类，分门别类，编目方法；C选项 classification n.等级，类别；D选项cognition n.认识，辨识，认识能力。根据句意可知A项符合题意。句意：你的类比不是一个好例子，因为这两种情况并不相同。8.单选题The_of the word is unknown,

13、but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.decentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。9.单选题Please check the copy_the original before handing in.问题1选项A.withB.against

14、C.overD.A and B【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。check sth. against/with sth.表示“对照某物核对某物”，为固定搭配。根据the copy与the original可知此处表示“对照原件核对该复印件”，因此选D。句意：交上来之前请把复印件和原件核对一下。10.单选题To develop light industry in a big way（）to improving the peoples livelihood.问题1选项A.owesB.attributesC.distributesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项owes

15、 to.归功于，因为B选项attributes to把归功于；C选项 distributes to分销，分发给；D选项contributes to对有贡献，有好处。根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。11.单选题One of the attractive features of the training was the way the practical work had been_ into the learning process.问题1选项A.adjustedB.alternatedC.incorporatedD.combined【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨

16、析。A选项adjust“适应，调整”；B选项alternate“交替，轮流”；C选项incorporate“将包括在内，包含，吸收”；D选项combine“使结合”。根据practical work与into the learning process可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：该培训吸引人的一个特点是将实践工作纳入到学习过程的方式。12.单选题（）regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.问题1选项A.Not receivedB.Since receivingC.Having recei

17、vedD.Not having received【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。题干中hardly常与否定搭配表示肯定，而且非谓语部分逻辑主语与句子主语一致。因此，根据句意和搭配可知，本题A项正确。句意：由于没有经过专门的护理培训，她起初很难适应工作。13.单选题If you（）care to see the pictures, Ill bring them round some evening.问题1选项A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.can【答案】B【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句，主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“would you care to.”表示“（礼貌问语）您喜

18、欢，您愿意”，是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此，排除其他选项，本题正确答案为B项。14.单选题The two most important _in making a cake are flour and sugar.问题1选项A.elementsB.componentsC.ingredientsD.constituents【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项element“元素，基础”，指一个整体中最基本、不可缺少的或固有的成分；B选项component“组成部分，成分”，指一个整体的组成部分；C选项ingredient“成分，(尤指烹饪) 原料”；D选项constituent“选民，成分，构

19、成要素”指某一整体不可少的部分或成分。根据flour and sugar可知选C。句意：做蛋糕最重要的两种原料是面粉和糖。15.单选题But for his help, I（）.问题1选项A.did not succeedB.had not succeededC.should not have succeededD.have not succeeded【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。But for表示“要不是”，引导含蓄虚拟语气。A选项did not succeed过去时；B选项had not succeeded过去完成时；C选项 should not have succeeded表示“原本不

20、应该成功的，但却成功了”，表示虚拟语气；D选项have not succeeded现在完成时，因此C项为正确选项。16.单选题Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it i

21、s not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The

22、three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.Frederick Winsl

23、ow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since

24、the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, an English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820), applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the f

25、athers of cost accounting.Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and car

26、efully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed i

27、n a hostile environment.In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of foll

28、owers to promote his approach worldwide.1. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?2. Taylor is most famous for（）.3. Charles Babbage, an English academic（）.4. Taylors scientific management method was described as（）.5. When he died in 1915, Taylor（）.问题1选项A.Gre

29、at breakthroughsB.Unlimited purchasing powerC.Science and competition.D.International competition.问题2选项A.his application of scientific methods to workB.his book “The Principles of Scientific Management”C.his various innovations in steel processingD.The spreading of his scientific management method问题

30、3选项A.tried to use computers in production processesB.first used computers in the area of cost accountingC.was the father of modem computersD.tried a scientific management approach问题4选项A.scientific and humanB.efficient but slave-drivingC.academic but practicableD.brutal but highly successful问题5选项A.pu

31、rchased a steel millB.sold a steel millC.started to protect environmentD.left a huge school of followers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.可知，科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。” 而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业

32、带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容，要提高生产效率，那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“.but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work（但使他出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此，正确答案是A项。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段Charles Babbage.applied himself to the costing of processes, usin

33、g scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.可知，英国科学家Charles Babbage在程序成本核算中，成功运用了科学的管理方法，被认为是成本核算之父。因此，正确答案是D项。4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor.emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave - driving methods common in his day”可知，泰勒强调的是人性化的

34、方法，而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasize A over B 表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此，泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.可知，泰勒于1975 年去世，而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此，D项是正确答案。17.单选题The city tried to stop crime by hiring more police, but that

35、（）did not work.问题1选项A.approachB.applicationC.managementD.version【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。根据句子前后逻辑关系可知，空格处是指前文提及的“雇佣更多警察”一事。A选项为“方法；接近”；B选项为“运用；申请”；C选项为“管理”；D选项为“版本；译文”。根据句意可知，这座城市想通过雇佣更多警察以停止犯罪，但是这方法并不管用。因此，正确答案为A项。18.单选题To be successful, a business traveler must be able to maintain contact with the office n

36、o matter what the time or place. Negotiations often involve decisions based on the latest figures. New telecommunications products and services now on the market make staying in to touch earlier than ever before.The most widespread device is the cellular phone the price of which has dropped from sev

37、eral thousand dollars to a few hundred, including installation. There are over 2 million mobile cellular phones in use today, including both car phones and cordless transportable units. Car phones have proven indispensable for road emergencies as well as routine business transactions. Phone service

38、is also available on airlines and on the rails.Recently introduced pocked-size organizers help business travelers with heavy schedules keep track of clients. These are tiny computers that can store all kinds of information. They can serve as phone and address directories, calendars, electronic memo

39、pads, and calculators, among other users.Another invaluable telecommunications tool is smaller, lighter fax machines that plug into any standard electrical outlet and phone line. The devices allow machine. It is expected that faxing will soon become be primary means of sending and receiving short do

40、cuments requiring prompt attention.1. According to the passage, why do business travelers need to keep in touch with the office?2. According to the passage, mobile phone service（）.3. In line 11, the italicized word “these” refers to（）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that fax machines probably

41、（）.5. What does the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?问题1选项A.They may not know where they areB.Company guidelines require frequent contactC.They must have the latest information for negotiationsD.So many new products and services are on the market问题2选项A.is very useful in the case

42、 of road accidentsB.still costs several thousands of dollarsC.is not yet available on trains and airplanesD.does not come in transportable form问题3选项A.clientsB.schedulesC.organizersD.travelers问题4选项A.are still far from becoming a standard business toolB.will eventually replace mail delivery of short d

43、ocumentsC.cannot be used in conjunction with phone serviceD.are now as small and light as they can ever be问题5选项A.Types of hard copyB.Compatibility among fax machinesC.Handling documents in a timely fashionD.Another practical telecommunications device【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段“T

44、o be successful, a business traveler must be able tomaintain contact with the office no matter what the time or place. Negotiationsoften involve decisions based on the latest figures. ”可知，为了成功，出差人员必须随时随地与公司保持联系。谈判决定通常要基于最新数据。因此，出差人员与办公室联系的原因是他们必须掌握最新的数据用于谈判。本题正确答案为C项。2.细节事实题。通过“Car phones haveproven

45、 indispensable for road emergencies as well as routine businesstransactions.”可知，汽车电话已被证明在道路紧急情况和日常商业交易中不可或缺。故A项正确。由原文第二段 “The most widespread device is the cellularphone the price of which has dropped from several thousand dollars to a fewhundred可知，移动电话已经大幅降价，B 项错误。由“Phone service is also available

46、on airlines andon the rails.” 可知C项错误。通过“cordlesstransportable units无线便携式装置”可知D项错误。因此，本题正确答案为A。3.词汇题。由文章第三段“Recentlyintroduced pocked-size organizers help business travelers with heavy scheduleskeep track of clients. These are tiny computers that can store all kinds ofinformation.”可知，大意是：最新的口袋备忘录帮助行程

47、繁重的商旅人士与客户保持联系。这种微型电脑也可以存储各种信息。因此，根据上下文分析可知these指的是 “pocked-size organizers，因此正确答案为C项。4.推理判断题。由“It is expected thatfaxing will soon become be primary means of sending and receiving shortdocuments requiring prompt attention.” 可知A项错误，B项内容在文章并未说明。而由原文第四段“Another invaluable telecommunications tool is sm

48、aller,lighter fax machines that plug into any standard electrical outlet and phoneline. ”可知，另一种宝贵的通讯工具是更小巧轻便的传真机，可以插入任何标准电源插座和电话线的，C项排除，而且其中的“smaller and lighter”体现比较结构，因此，D项正确。 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 5.推理判断题。分析文章框架可知：第一段引出新通讯工具的话题，第二段介绍手机，第三段介绍口袋备忘录，第四段介绍传真机。因此，接下来很

49、可能会介绍另一种实用的通讯工具，即D项是正确答案。19.单选题A budget of five dollars a day is totally_for a trip round Europe.问题1选项A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。20.

50、单选题Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today.By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose “flextime, flexplace” arrangements, which

51、 allow them to work home, communicating with the office via computer networks.In the United States, the so-called “digital divide seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their nu

52、mbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to dag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will ap

53、proach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behind.80% of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now. In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems

54、 analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will

55、 come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Websites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, fi

56、lm clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in an increasingly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers

57、 are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity.Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education. For a good career in almost any field, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend rais

58、ing the level of education required for a productive role in todays work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.1. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT_.2. “digital divide” in the

59、 4th paragraph refers to_.3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?4. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage?5. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize _in an increasingly high-tech world.问题1选项A.American management personnelB.E

60、uropean management personnelC.American peoples choice of careerD.traditional practice at work问题2选项A.the gap in terms of computer ownershipB.the tendency of computer ownershipC.the dividing line based on digitsD.the ethnic distinction among American households问题3选项A.By 2005 all college and school stu