2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号51

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题You had better _ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.问题1选项A.leave offB.leave behindC.leave outD.leave for【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项leave off“漏掉；停止”；B选项leave behind“永远离开；留下；落后”；C选项leave out“排除；不考虑”

2、；D选项leave for“出发前往（某地）；把留给（某人）做；把留在（另一时间做）”。句意：你最好_取笑这些新来的人，那样会伤害他们的感情。根据语境，这里指的是不要取笑别人，A选项leave off“停止”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.单选题The _ of Confucius built the temple in memory of their ancestor.问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.correspondentsD.opponents【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”；B选项predeces

3、sors“前任；前一代”；C选项correspondents“通讯员”；D选项opponents“对手”。句意：孔子的_建造这座庙来纪念他们的祖先。根据语境，在这里孔子的后代纪念孔子比较合理，A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.单选题If you play with electricity, you may get an electric _.问题1选项A.strikeB.beatC.shockD.knock【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项strike“击，打，踢；打击”；B选项beat“有规律的敲击（声）；（音乐、诗歌等的）节拍”；C选项

4、shock“电击”，electric shock；D选项knock“敲，击；（常为无意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄电，就可能会_。根据语境，这里指被电打到，C选项shock“电击”符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.翻译题(1) Stan Belin (斯坦贝林) was born in the 1930s to an urban family locked in the grip of the Great Depression. His was a fractured family, one in which his parents fought constantly. I lived with

5、 a feeling of impending doom, he says. This fear drove him to be a model child.Stan has a vivid memory of once leaning against a bridge railing as a boy and gazing at a handsome party boat passing below. He could see people on deck enjoying their outing. (2) It was a scene of comfort and luxury he c

6、ould hardly have imagined. That mental picture influenced the boys idea of success. His goals became money, power, and prestige.Stan did well in school. He found his greatest academic success in his science courses. But he lacked the confidence to pursue a medical career and turned to dentistry as a

7、 quicker route to his lifes goals.(3) He married a young woman he had known since high school, and for over 20 years Stan and Jane lived a life that many people would envy. His reputation spread, the money started rolling in and he was appointed to a prestigious position by his state government. Two

8、 healthy children were born.(4) The family had a magnificent house, expensive automobiles and took exotic vacations.The crowning touch for Stan came when he bought a luxury yacht and sailed to the bridge where, as a child, he had first glimpsed what he hoped would be his future. “I told Jane the sto

9、ry,” he says. (5) “As I spoke, I realized that something was all wrong. I possessed everything I had ever dreamed of, but I felt very sad and hopeless. What was worse, I knew it would never change.”Then in the early 1980s, a doctor friend invited Stan to dinner. The friend said he had been using coc

10、aine as an antidepressant. He described it as a marvelous no addictive drug. Stan decided the drug might be just right for his own depression.【答案】1. 斯坦贝林出生于20世纪30年代一个陷入经济大萧条困境之中的城市家庭。2. 这种舒适与奢侈的情景是他无法想象的。这一情景铭刻在他的脑海里，影响着他对成功的看法。3. 他娶了一位中学时代就认识的女子为妻，20多年来，他和妻子简过着令人称羡的生活。4. 他们有华丽的住宅和昂贵的汽车，还常常出国度假。5. 说

11、话时，我忽然意识到情况很不对劲。我已拥有曾经梦寐以求的一切，但却感到悲伤无望。更糟糕的是，我知道这种状况将永远不会改变。5.单选题The director was critical_ the way we were doing the work.问题1选项A.ofB.withC.atD.in【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：主任对我们工作的方式提出了批评。be critical of sb./sth.“对某人/某事批判”，A选项of符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。6.单选题He was _ about the spring outing but be came ba

12、ck quite depressed and said he shouldnt have joined in it.问题1选项A.courageousB.discouragedC.enthusiasticD.fantastic【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项courageous“勇敢的”；B选项discouraged“灰心的”；C选项enthusiastic“热衷的；热烈的”；D选项fantastic“极好的；富于想象的”。句意：他本来_于春游，但回来时却很沮丧，说他不应该参加春游。根据语境，这里指在春游之前他对此非常激动和期待，C选项enthusiastic“热衷的”符合

13、题意。因此C选项正确。7.单选题That radio company is so big that it has a lot of _ in foreign countries.问题1选项A.introducersB.instructorsC.conductorsD.agents【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项introducers“介绍人；创始者”；B选项instructors“教练；教师”；C选项conductors“（交响乐、合唱的）指挥；列车员”；D选项agents“代理商”。句意：那家广播公司很大，所以在国外有很多_。根据语境，D选项agents“代理商”和radi

14、o company搭配比较合理，符合题意。因此D选项正确。8.单选题The words of his old teacher left a _ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.问题1选项A.lastingB.liberalC.longD.lively【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lasting“持久的；永恒的”；B选项liberal“开明的；大方的”；C选项long“长时间的”；D选项lively“活跃热情的；充满趣味的”。句意：他以前的老师的话给他留下了_印象。他仍然受到他们的影响。根据语境，

15、很长的时间以后他都受老师言语的影响，lasting impression为固定短语，A选项lasting“持久的；永恒的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。9.单选题Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group

16、 of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time for which the eyes stopthe duration of the fixationvaries considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermor

17、e, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises ha

18、ve been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side.

19、 Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to r

20、ead a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would see

21、m unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts EXCEPT _.2. The author may believe that reading _.3. What does the author mean by saying “but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing

22、 to improve his ability to read a text efficiently” in Paragraph 2?4. Which of the following is NOT true?5. The tune of the author in writing this article is _.问题1选项A.the length of a group of wordsB.lighting and tirednessC.ones familiarity with the textD.ones purpose in reading问题2选项A.demands a deepl

23、y-participating mindB.demands more mind than eyesC.requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationD.requires a reader to see words more quickly问题3选项A.The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve an efficient reading.B.The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve o

24、nes ability to see words.C.The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.D.The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.问题4选项A.The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.B.The eye training will help

25、readers in reading a continuous text.C.The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.D.Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.问题5选项A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.criticalD.neutral【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第一段最后两句It also varies within

26、any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.（每个人的阅读目的和对文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外，它还会受到光照和疲劳等因素的影响。），可知识别广度受阅读目的、对文本的熟悉程度、光照和疲劳的影响，B选项“光照和疲劳”、C选项“对课文的熟悉程度”和D选项“阅读的目的”符合文章内容，A选项“一组单词的长度”不符合文章内容。因此A选

27、项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words.（阅读需要理解单词之间的关系。），可知作者认为记单词需要头脑去理解，A选项“需要大脑的深度参与”正确。根据第二段第一句Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page

28、.（不幸的是，在过去，许多阅读提高课程过于关注我们的眼睛如何在印刷的页面上移动。），可知作者不赞同纯视觉训练的方法，C选项“要求读者在每一个固定位置都要接收更多的单词”和D选项“要求读者提高看单词的速度”错误。B选项“需要的更多是头脑而不是眼睛”：作者没有提到更多需要头脑还是眼睛参与。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段五、六句the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but its one t

29、hing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.（读者在每次连续固定的时候会看到更多的单词。所有这些练习都很巧妙，但提高一个人看单词的能力是一回事，提高他有效阅读的能力是另一回事。），可知这个方法可以提高看单词的能力，但是不能提高有效阅读的能力，A选项“文中提到的阅读练习不能帮助提高阅读效率”正确，D选项“文中提到的阅读练习不能帮助提高看单词和理解单词的能力”错误。B选项“文中提到的阅读练习对提高看清单

30、词的能力起到了很大的作用”：原文没有说这个练习在多大程度上提高了看清单词的能力，这里更多是在强调这个练习方法的不足之处。C选项“当进行有效阅读时，不需要有看单词的能力”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem u

31、nlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.（许多专家现在开始质疑视力训练的有效性，特别是因为任何训练阅读孤立的单词和短语的方法似乎不太可能帮助阅读连续的文本。），可知D选项“许多专家开始质疑眼部训练的效率”符合文章内容；这种纯视觉的训练方法对阅读连续的文本不太有帮助，A选项“强调纯视觉方面是有误导性的”符合文章内容，B选项“眼睛训练将帮助读者阅读连续的文本”不符合文章内容。C选项“视觉广度是我们每次看到的一个词或一组词”：根据第一段第四、五句Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. T

32、his is known as the recognition span or the visual span.（每次他们注视时，我们都会看到一组单词。这被称为识别广度或视觉广度。），可知符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。作者在第一段提出我们是如何阅读的和什么因素会影响阅读，第二段提出纯视觉的训练如何进行以及效果，最后转而提出这个训练不能提高阅读能力，并且许多专家开始质疑这个训练的有效性，所以C选项“批判的”正确。A选项“悲观的”，B选项“乐观的”和D选项“中立的”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。10.翻译题Parents of wailing babies,

33、 take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many

34、 biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying,” said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, F

35、lorida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on gen

36、es.Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruin

37、ous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements.Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisem

38、ents may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) t

39、hem. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago, (4) “But as the cries increase, they respond less a

40、nd less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something te

41、rrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry,

42、” Maestripieri said. (5) “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。2. 但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。3. 因此，有的进化生物学家提出，自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。4. 但随着叫声越来越多，母亲的反应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。5. “这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的

43、。”11.单选题There was a traffic jam, but she _ get to the destination in time.问题1选项A.couldB.mightC.ought toD.was able to【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项could“能够（原本就具有某种能力）”；B选项might“也许会”；C选项ought to“应该（表示期望或可能发生的事或表示劝告或建议）”；D选项was able to“能够（通过努力可以具备某种能力或实现某种状态，强调有努力的过程）”。句意：虽然发生了交通拥堵，但她_及时到达目的地。根据语境，这里指即使因为交通

44、拥堵及时到达目的地存在困难，但是她依然办到了，D选项was able to符合题意。因此D选项正确。12.单选题It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical care.问题1选项A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项entitled to“有权享有；有的资格”；B选项involved in“涉及”；C选项associated with“与有关”；D选项assigned

45、 to“被分配给”。句意：众所周知，我国的退休工人_免费医疗。根据语境，这里指的是退休工人有免费医疗的权利，A选项entitled to“有权享有；有的资格”符合题意。因此A选项正确。13.单选题The end _ the means. This saying implies even a wrong or unfair method may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good.问题1选项A.modifiesB.justifiesC.purifiesD.testifies【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。

46、A选项modifies“稍作修改，使更适合；修饰”；B选项justifies“证明有理”；C选项purifies“净化”；D选项testifies“（在法庭上）作证；证实”。句意：结果_方法。这句话的意思是，如果行为的结果或目的是好的，即使方法错误或不公平也可以被允许。根据语境，这里指的是结果会证明方法的合理性，B选项justifies“证明有理”符合题意。因此B选项正确。14.单选题Please give my best _ to your family.问题1选项A.noticeB.attentionC.regardsD.cares【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项noti

47、ce“察觉；通知”；B选项attention“注意力”；C选项regards“用在（best regards）和（with kind regards）等表达方式中，表示对某人的良好祝愿”；D选项cares“关注”。句意：请代我向你的家人_。根据语境，这里是礼貌用语，表达对他人的关心，C选项regards符合题意。因此C选项正确。15.单选题During these ten years, many new methods have been _ in the field of foreign language teaching.问题1选项A.adoptedB.adaptedC.alarmedD.

48、aided【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adopted“采用”；B选项adapted“使适合（新用途、新情况）；适应（新情况）”；C选项alarmed“使惊恐；给（门等）安装警报器”；D选项aided“帮助”。句意：在这十年中，外语教学领域_许多新的方法。根据语境，这里指的是提出许多在外语教学领域上的新方法，A选项adopted“采用”符合题意。因此A选项正确。16.单选题Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the

49、nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental t

50、ravelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay under the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of

51、a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s,

52、 Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was

53、 the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceano

54、graphy was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The passage i

55、mplies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.2. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.3. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means _.5. This passage is mainly about _.问题1选项A.for business considerationsB.for inve

56、stigating the depths of the oceansC.for oceanographic studiesD.for military purposes问题2选项A.those who earned a living from the seaB.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cableC.the American NavyD.some early intercontinental travelers问题3选项A.to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeB.

57、to measure the depths of two oceansC.to make some sound experiments in the oceansD.to collect samples of sea plants and animals问题4选项A.“challenged”B.“agreed to”C.“doubted”D.“gave proof to”问题5选项A.the Investigation of ocean depthsB.the early intercontinental communicationsC.the beginnings of oceanograp

58、hyD.the laying of the first undersea cable【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was propo

59、sed.（当提出要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报电缆时，出于商业动机，人们第一次不得不尽可能以商业结果为导向来回答“海底是什么？”的问题。），可知铺设电报电缆主要考虑的是商业上带来的利益，根据利益来看是否要铺设，A选项“出于商业考虑”正确，B选项“为了考查海洋的深度”和C选项“用于海洋学研究”错误。D选项“出于军事目的”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for inform

60、ation on this matter.（1853年，大西洋电报公司向美国海军的莫里寻求有关此事的信息。），可知B选项“建议铺设海底电缆的公司”正确。A选项“靠海洋为生的人”，C选项“美国海军”和D选项“一些早期的洲际旅行者”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第二句In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlan