2022年新版MBA联考英语

1、MBA联考-英语(二)-44(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The countrys inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instances of mass violence that the nation has seen repeatedly over the past few months. Not all who 1 these sorts of cruelties are mentally ill, but 2 ha

2、ve been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 3 to prevent another attack. Mental illness usually is not as dangerous or dramatic. 4 23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National Institute of M

3、ental Health. Very few of these men and women are 5 mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their 6 . The Affordable Care Act has significantly increased insurance coverage 7 mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 8 to insufficient mental-health-care

4、 resources. Rep. Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more 8 than other recent efforts to reform the system and perhaps has the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The 9 would reorganize the billions the federal government pours into ment

5、al health services. It would 10 the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental health clinics that 11 certain medical standards. And it would 12 states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment. Not everyone

6、is satisfied. Some patients advocates have 13 Mr. Murphys approach as coercive and 14 to those who need help. The government should not be expanding the systems capability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those 15 severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in community care that

7、16 the need for more serious treatment. 17 , for a small class who will not accept treatment between hospital visits or repeat arrests, they say, states have good reason to 18 them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphys reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook. 19 the chan

8、ges would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.（分数：10.00）A.grantB.commitC.affordD.awardA.manyB.fewC.moreD.muchA.requestedB.demandedC.failedD.attemptedA.NeatlyB.ConsiderablyC.NearlyD.HardlyA.inevitableB.necessaryC.certainD.potentialA.careersB.hospitalsC.schoolsD.familiesA

9、.forB.againstC.withD.withoutA.warningB.accessC.demandD.wayA.preferableB.ineffectiveC.singleD.comprehensiveA.billB.methodC.linkD.lawA.confirmB.changeC.refuseD.holdA.haveB.makeC.meetD.accordA.admitB.pushC.retardD.commandA.praisedB.appreciatedC.scoldedD.condemnedA.harmfulB.beneficialC.uncertainD.consid

10、erateA.looking intoB.taking onC.dealing withD.going throughA.heads offB.interferes withC.takes offD.copes withA.ThusB.BecauseC.HoweverD.AndA.inviteB.allowC.requireD.refuteA.AndB.ButC.ThereforeD.Besides二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How best to solve

11、 the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Corton, a Cambrid

12、ge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles was said to be much pleased with Evelyns idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time,

13、 and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet its a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with London

14、s vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. Give us light! Frederic Leighton pleaded to the gues

15、ts at a Lord Mayors banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Cortons book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity where Londons history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were a

16、lways at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connec

17、tion was established: between Londons perpetual veil of smog and its citizens cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like Keep the Home Fires Burning didnt do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasnt until what came to be known as the Great Killer Fog of 1952 th

18、at the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade. Cortons

19、book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that Londons ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. Its discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of

20、the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyns child.B.King Charles was not actually satisfied with Evelyns idea.C.The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.D.It wasnt until the middle of the 20th centu

21、ry that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.(2).The word grime (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.fogB.dirtC.frostD.paint(3).Which of the following would be most heavily affected by Londons pollution according to Cortons book?（分数：2.00）A.rich dwellers in the ea

22、st.B.the underclass in the west.C.East Londons slum dwellers.D.servants of furnace owners.(4).The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.Great Killer Fog led to huge mortalityB.The British press was also playing a big roleC.It was a long way for Clean Air Act to be passe

23、dD.reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage(5).There were plane trees everywhere in London because they _.（分数：2.00）A.could resist fog and hazeB.were related to social historyC.contained a wealth of eccentric detailD.were shiny and beautified the environment五、Text 2(总题数：1，

24、分数：10.00)In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New York

25、City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow. A small number of restaurants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaur

26、ants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter. The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because

27、its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimum w

28、age for fast-food workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, its not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its edge. Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers

29、 and other kitchen workers. The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularitie

30、s, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry. Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in that he had eliminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hop

31、ed his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. Tipping is a way of life in this country, he said. It may n

32、ot be the perfect system, but its our system. Its an American system.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what would happen in New York City?（分数：2.00）A.1,800 employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.B.Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospita

33、lity Group will be removed.C.All the business will be affected by Danny Meyers action and eliminate tipping.D.There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art.(2).By do the latter (Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will _.（分数：2.00）A.r

34、educe tipsB.decrease pricesC.explain that prices include hospitalityD.provide blank lines for tips on checks(3).Why does Danny Meyer make the Modem be the first restaurant to eliminate tipping?（分数：2.00）A.Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.B.Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to at

35、tract culinary talents.C.The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.D.Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers(4).It is unfair that servers pay may be affected by EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.their serviceB.the weatherC.race and ageD.their customers moods(5).The

36、 authors attitude towards tips elimination seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.favorableB.skepticalC.uncertainD.objective六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews

37、in the endif youre lucky!and if youre very lucky, eventually theres a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way? It depends on whether you are a maximizer or a satisficer. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. Th

38、ey gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand. Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to

39、 continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 members of the Class of by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves th

40、rough more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly bett

41、er, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got. Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesnt make maximizers a happier gro

42、up than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted. Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesnt buy more happiness, as the maximizers likely to agonize over the prospect of a bett

43、er job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but theyre so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Gradua

44、tes arent well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges.B.Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.C.Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.D.Satisficers wait for something better based on information at hand.(2).According to the Paragraph 3, which

45、of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Maximizers can get something of value from outside information.B.Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.C.Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.D.The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the

46、 information.(3).The word contortions (Para. 3) most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.choicesB.occupationsC.opportunitiesD.distortions(4).The passage conveys that higher pay _.（分数：2.00）A.brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficersB.encourages maximizers seek perfectionC.makes maximizers i

47、magine the prospect of a better job offerD.helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth(5).Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Higher Pay: Be Happier or UnhappyB.First Offer: Take It or Keep WaitingC.Sources of Information: Outside or at HandD.Position Yourself: A Maxim

48、izer or a Satisficer七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industrys lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay dispar

49、ities between those of different genders doing the same job. Laura I. Gmez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are starting an effort to collect and share data to help diversify the rank-and-file employees who make up tech companies. The nonprofit v

50、enture, called Project Include, was unveiled on Tuesday. As part of Project Include, the group plans to extract commitments from tech companies to track the diversity of their work forces over time and eventually share that data with other start-ups. The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25

51、 to 1,000 workers, in the hope of spurring the companies to think about equality sooner rather than later. The project will also ask for participation from venture capital firms that advise and mentor the start-ups. Project Include aims to have 18 companies as part of its first cohort; a few have al

52、ready signed up. The group will meet regularly for seven months to define and track specific metrics. At the end of that period, the group will publish an anonymized set of results to show the progressor lack thereofthat the start-ups have made around diversity. The groups push is intended to cut th

53、rough techs slow pace of change on diversity. Large companies, including Google, Facebook and Microsoft, have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work forces, and some have started programs to move the needle . But that has not seemed to spur much movement in views on the issue. In De

54、cember, for instance, Michael Moritz, a partner at the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, made headlines when he said in an interview that his firmwhich had no female investment partners in the United Stateswould focus on hiring women but would not lower its standards to do so. He also said the f

55、irm was blind to gender and race. It is this incredibly self-serving mythology that we are the best and the brightest, and that the best ideas rise to the top and will get funded, said Ms. Kapor Klein, noting there is plenty of data to show that minority access to tech programs and networks is worse

56、 than that of white males. Despite an avalanche of rigorous data to the contrary, the belief in pure meritocracy persists.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.Ellen Pao spent a lot of time diversifying the courts structureB.Erica Baker is an experienced HR in G

57、oogleC.Ellen Pao, Erica Baker and Laura I. Gmez found a start-up togetherD.Project Include is aimed to diversify the employees in tech companies(2).The effort of Project Include on start-ups expects to _.（分数：2.00）A.obtain commitments from tech companiesB.obtain related dataC.urge the companies to th

58、ink about equality earlierD.urge the venture capital firms to participate(3).What will Project Include not do to 18 companies during the seven months?（分数：2.00）A.Make them agree with the cohort.B.Meet them regularly.C.Define specific metrics.D.Track specific metrics.(4).The phrase the needle (Para. 4

59、) probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.diverse work forcesB.a needle for weavingC.views on diversificationD.the measures of Project Include(5).It seems that Ms. Kapor Klein believes _.（分数：2.00）A.the root of the problem is peoples arroganceB.there is a long way to improve existing prejudiceC.the racism is

60、 still seriousD.people need to have an open mind八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One stereotype of wisdom is a wizened Zen-master smiling kindly at his pupils, while referring to them as little grasshoppers and safe in the knowledge that one day they, too, will have been set on the path that leads to wizened