专业英语-专业词汇解释

1、Eigenvalues: The state-space is equivalent of the poles of a transfer function. They determine the stability and dynamics of a system.特征值：状态空间等同于传递函数的极点。它们决定一个系统的稳定性和动态性。Embedded System: A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to pe

2、rform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose computer.嵌入式系统：是执行特定任务的计算机硬件和软件的组合，有时也包括其他的机械部分等。有时，嵌入式系统可包含在一个更大的系统或产品中，比如汽车防抱死制动系统中的嵌入式系统。试比较一下通用计算机。Error: In c

3、losed loop control, error = setpoint - process variable (PV), or setpoint - feedback measurement. The controller uses the error in its calculation to generate the signal that will reduce the error to zero.错误：在闭环控制中，错误=定位点-过程变量，或定位点-反馈测量。控制器通过计算产生的错误生成信号，继而使错误降至为零。Fault Tolerant: The ability to withs

4、tand a considerable degree of error without crashing or going unstable. 容错：可承受的误差范围，不会导致系统崩溃或不稳定的能力。Fieldbus: Fieldbus is a generic term used to describe a common communications protocol for control systems and/or field instruments.现场总线：通用术语，用于形容系统控制或现场仪表的常见通信协议。First-Order System: A dynamic, linear

5、 system that has one pole, usually characterised by a gain and a time constant. 一阶系统：动态，线型系统，有一个极点，通常有增益和时间常量。Gain: this is defined as the change in input divided by the change in output. A system with high gain will react more to the input changing. 增益：输入功率变数除以输出功率变数。系统中增益越高，输入功率程度越活跃。Left half pla

6、ne: In the complex plane the half with negative real numbers. For continuous systems the poles in the left half plane are stable.左半个平面：复平面中有负实数的一半。就连续系统而言，左半个平面中的极点稳定的。Laplace Transform: A transform to convert a continuous time differential equation into a transfer function from which system connect

7、ions can be manipulated easier and frequency responses calculated.拉普拉斯变换：可采用传递函数代替常系数微分方程。在传递函数中，可更简便地操作系统连接，也可计算频率响应。Linear System: A system is said to be linear if it is scalable and obeys the principle of superposition. What this means in practice is that if the input signal is doubled, the outpu

8、t will be doubled also, and that if an input signal is a summation of several different waveforms then the output is the summation of the individual output responses. A non-linear system is something that does not obey these rules, which is virtually every practical system, since physical limits mea

9、n there is always a limit to how far the scalability rule applies.线性系统：如果一个系统具有可拓展性且遵循叠加原理，则称之为线性系统。实际操作中时说输入信号翻一倍时，输出信号也相应翻倍。如输入信号是几个不同波形之和，则输出信号为个体输出响应之和。非线性系统则不遵循如上规律，仅为独立的系统。其中物理限制是指可拓展规则与限制同时存在。Measurement: Same as process variable. The variable you wish to control is usually measured but in ma

10、ny cases you measure one variable and from that infer another variable, which you do wish to control.量度：同“过程变量”一样。你希望控制的变量通常是可测的，但多数情况下是测量一个变量，然后依次类推，即可推到你想控制的变量。Observer: Usually another name for a state-estimator. Other variables such as disturbances or faults could also be observed.观测器：又称状态判定器。其他

11、类似干扰或错误的变量均可观测。Plant: Another name for the system or process being controlled.（操作）对象：控制系统或进程的别称。Plant Output: What you are trying to control. Also called Process Variable.对象输出;你将试图控制的内容。也称作过程变量。Reference: In a closed loop system, the desired plant output that the controller tries to achieve. Also ca

12、lled the set-point.基准源电路：在闭环系统中，是指控制者试图达到的期望对象输出值。也称作置位点。Robust: A loop that is robust is relatively insensitive to process changes. A less robust loop is more sensitive to process changes.鲁棒性：一个健壮的环形对程序变化相对迟缓，一个较健壮的环对程序变化则比较灵敏。Stability: A stable system when perturbed from an equilibrium state will

13、 tend to return to that state. An unstable system when perturbed from equilibrium will move further away in increasing rate, or for a nonlinear system may move to another equilibrium state. For linear systems stability is checked by the eigenvalues of the state matrix or the poles of the transfer function.稳定性：一个稳定系统的平衡状态被扰乱后趋于恢复平衡的系统。而不稳定系统则是平衡状态被扰乱后，以递增率变得更乱。或者就一个非线性系统而言，则会移到下一个平衡状态。就线性系统而言，可用状态矩阵的特征值或传递函数的极点检查其稳定性。Unstable: A system is unstable when oscillations persist or grow. There are rigorous definitions of stability for linear systems - if any pole of a system has a