医学词汇构词法i-Voc(详细)课件

1、 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language DepartmentThe Formation of Medical Vocabulary By Wang LanyingThe F A Course of Learning English for Medical PurposesI. Target1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing

2、with ML A Course of Learning English I. Target3. Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers

3、 guideI. Target3. Nurture the sense III. Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamicallyIII. Course Arrangement1.72 T Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical w

4、ords is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning eye doctor,are examples. The medical language is fascinatingly logica

5、l in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood. What is medical language? Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Basic elements of medical wordsMost medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shal

6、l call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)Basic elements of medical wordPneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山

7、硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silThree major objectives to keep in mind as you

8、 study medical terminology.To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/ logyrootrootsuffixCombining formThree major objectives to keepElectr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrootrootcombini

9、ng vowelcombining vowel心电图Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrCombining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetrans- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo-

10、:deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cuttingCombining formsprefixessuffixe2. To correlate an understanding of word

11、elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿2. To correlate an understandOncologyN

12、ephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of PronunciationOncologyanatomy

13、: process of cMedical TerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical WordsMedical TerminologyEndocrine sOrgansTissuesCellsOrgansDistribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical termsDistribution of vocabulary in The 2n

14、d category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studyDistribution of vocabularyThe 2nd category (15%) :

15、 hepaMedical TerminologyI. ConversionII. derivativeIII. Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳Medical TerminologyI. ConversiI. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交

16、感神经药； capsule 胶囊药,被膜Reservoir 贮主(zhu)To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主space occupying lesion 占位性病变I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词Derivatives Prefix: ir- il- im-mis-irregularity, irresistableillegal, illiterateimmature immobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfor

17、tunemisstatemismanageDerivatives Prefix: irregulariPrefixDis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea diseasein- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivatedPrefixun- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unsta

18、ble angina 不稳定型心绞痛 un- none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的none-ex-exclusionexcretion exhaleex- presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外ex-Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousn

19、ess decision collision inclusiontreatmentencouragementAdj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially Suffix: n. Adj. V.-en.(a.+ en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten -al n.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwi

20、thdrawalremoval(but not: compose, compromise)V.-en.(a.+ en)-al n.CompoundsRootsOrgans and their rootsliver hepato/a-lung pulmono-kidney reno-/nephro-heart cardio-nerve neuro-spleen splen(o)brain cerebro-head cephal(o)eye ophthalm/skin dermo-ear oto-(otology)chest thorac/o-arteri/o arteryvaso vesselC

21、ompoundsRootsspleen splen(onose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo- Laryngitis 喉炎Pharynx 咽 Pharyng (o)-Pharyngectomy 咽切除描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon结肠前带posterior posterior teeth 后牙superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉inferior inferior thyroid artery甲状腺下动脉nose naso- / nasoantritis 描述人 i

22、nter- (between) interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside) intracellularendo-(intra- ) endocarditispoly-(many, much) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的hyper-(high, extra) hypertension hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolateral同侧的homograft hetero-(different) heteroantigen 异种抗原dys-(not)

23、dysplasia发育不良 inter- (between) hypo-(lo dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiologythrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎 dyspnea 呼吸困难thrombo-血栓

24、lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno- immunosuppressionelectro- electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术lympho-electro-Strepto- Streptococcus StreptomycinOsteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lu

25、mbocostal 腰肋的 Suffix:-itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎 Strepto-Suffix:-ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法- gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图-scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope-ectomy (removal)- gram 照片-cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci