poverty贫穷英语课presentation用课件

1、blems3.solutions1. The definition of poverty1.1 Absolute poverty1.2 relative poverty1.3 The sociology of poverty2.1 health problem2.2 education2.3 housing2.4 violence3. poverty reduction strategies1.The definition of povertythe state of one who lacks a usual or socially accept

2、able amount of money or material possessions poverty is the of getting choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not h

3、aving the land on which to grow ones food or a job to earn ones living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in fragile environments, without access t

4、o clean water or sanitation.1.1 Absolute povertyAbsolute poverty refers to the deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation（环境卫生）, clothing, shelter, health care and education.standard：the dollar a day poverty lineextreme poverty: live on less than $1.25 per daym

5、oderate poverty:less than $2 or $5 a day (Each nation has its own poverty line.)World Bank data shows that the percentage of the population living in households with consumption（消费） or income per person below the poverty line has decreased in each region of the world since 19901.1 Absolute poverty1.

6、1 Absolute povertyRelative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median（中值） income. indi

7、viduals can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions which are customary, or are at least widely encouraged or approved, in the societies to which they belong Peter Townsend1.2 relative poverty1.3

8、The sociology of povertyfocus：nature, causes, consequences of poverty why poverty varies across countries, across urban and rural places, and over time. why some individuals are poor, scrutinizing the characteristics that differentiate the poor from nonpoor poverty is the result of the structures an

9、d institutions of society,2.problemshealtheducationhousingviolence2.1 health problemOne third of deaths in the world are due to poverty-related causesstarvationmalnutritionInfectious diseasehave disability lower life expectancyA Somali boy receiving treatment for malnutrition at a health facility.2.

10、2 educationeducational systemunsafe environmentlow resourcesharmful family spending habitshome activities, preferences, mannerisms(举止习惯)illnesses Poster of Project hope 2.3 housingPoverty increases the risk of homelessnessSlum-dwellers(贫民窟居民)street children2.4 violencehuman traffickingprostitution(卖

11、淫)In one survey, 67% of children from disadvantaged inner cities said they had witnessed a serious assault（袭击）, and 33% reported witnessing a homicide(杀人).51% of fifth graders from New Orleans (median income for a household: $27,133) have been found to be victims of violence, compared to 32% in Wash

12、ington, DC (mean income for a household: $40,127)3. poverty reduction strategiescategorized based on :whether they make more of the basic human needs available whether they increase the disposable income needed to purchase those needs. Some strategies can both bring access to various basic needs,3.

13、poverty reduction strategiesIncreasing the supply of basic needsFood and other goods Agricultural technologiesindustrial productionHealth care and educationHealth care systemPrimary education rural Nigerian clinics.3. poverty reduction strategiesRemoving constraints on government servicesPolitical c

14、orruption（腐败）Relief developing countries debt Reversing brain drain（人才流失）Controlling overpopulationIncreasing personal incomeRaising farm incomes is described as the core of the antipoverty effort Income grantsGuaranteed minimum incomeSocial securityWelfare3. poverty reduction strategiesAfghan girl begging inKabul.3. poverty reduction strategiesFinancial servicesMicrofinanceandMicrocreditCultura