定语从句讲义

1、Attributive Clause基本句式：主+谓；主+谓+宾；主+谓+间宾+直宾；主+谓+宾+宾补；主+系（谓）+表句子必须具备一套完整的_结构。（祈使句中的主语是隐含的说话双方明确知晓的）把下列句子合并成一个句子：1. He opened the door. He entered the classroom. _2. He cant speak English well. He likes it._3. We all know it. Light travels faster than sound. _4. He borrowed one of my books. I liked the

2、m the best._一般说来，在没有_的情况下，每个句子当中有且仅有_套主谓结构。并列连词如_等连接的分句都可独立成句（两个分句地位平等），而 that/ which/ why等引导的分句中是句子（_句）当中的一个_, 这样的分句被称作_。定语从句就是在一个句子中充当_的从句。定语是什么？试比较下面几个名词或名词短语：books; books that I like the best; one of the books that I like the best修饰_的成分是定语。定语对名词起修饰限定的作用，使被修饰的对象呈现得更_。找出下列句子当中的定语从句：1. The boy who

3、is wearing a red jacket bought a bicycle.2. A plane is a machine that can fly.3. This is the place where he lives.定语从句一般位于其_之后，这个名词被称为_.引导定语从句的词被称为 _, 可以分为_如who/whom（人）, that（人/物）, which(物)等，以及_如when, where, why。把下面的句子合并成一个包含定语从句的句子：1. I have many friends. I am going to send postcards to them._2. Th

4、e river was polluted seriously. The river runs through the centre of the city._3. Leiden is a nice town. I visited it last year._4. We wont believe people. These people often tell lies._关系_词连接主句和从句，通常_在_中充当_、_。 = 1 * GB3 1. I wont forget the days. We worked together in those days._2. He grew up in t

5、he village. He was born in the village._3. Thats the reason. I asked you to come here for the reason._关系_词连接主句和从句，通常_在_中充当_。 = 2 * GB3 _引导的定语从句把下面的句子合并成一个包含定语从句的句子：1. I know the man. The oldest son of him is a doctor._2. I wish to thank Professor Smith. Without the help of him I would never have got

6、 so far._关系代词_在定语从句中充当_，表示所属关系，相当于the+n. of which/whom。把下列句子当中的主句和定语从句分裂成两个独立的句子：1. The one million people, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night._2. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away._3. The number of people who were killed or serio

7、usly injured reached more than 400,000._4. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan._5. The army organized teams to dig out whose who were trapped and to bury the dead._6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destro

8、yed._7. The film we saw last night is very interesting._8. He is one of the students who know French._9. I still remember the time when I was in college._10. I have forgotten the exact date when this country became independent._11. This is the hotel where they stayed._12. We have reached a point whe

9、re a change is needed._ = 1 * GB3 + = 2 * GB3 关系_+关系_.(可以利用关系词的指代关系判定是用关系代词还是用关系副词, whose除外)练习：1. I treasure those days _ we spent together.2. Gone are the days _ we communicated with each other by writing letters.3. The reason _ he told me was not persuasive at all.4. The reason _ I was late is tha

10、t I was trapped in heavy traffic.5. This is the town _ I want to travel very much.6. This is the town to _ I want to travel very much.关系词的选择依据：先行词指人还是指物；定语从句本身对成分的需求；有无特殊条件特殊情况：只用that不用which的情况当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none等指物的不定代词或被其修饰时。当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形

11、容词最高级或形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词被the only, the last, the very等词修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时当先行词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。只用which不用that的情况：在定语从句中作介词宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时引导非限制性定语从句时只用who不用that的情况先行词是指人的不定代词如：one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none等，或先行词为those或被those 修饰时There be 句型中先行词为人时其它情况：当先行词为the way时，关系词可以用th

12、at或者in which或者省掉什么都不用。当先行词由the same/such修饰时，关系词用as练习：1. She told me everything _ she knew.2. What impressed me most were the things and persons _ we talked about at the meeting last week.3. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.4. The first place _ they visited in Guil

13、in was Elephant Trunk Hill.5. Iv read all the books _ were borrowed from others.6. Mr Smith is the only foreigner _ she knows.7. I can remember well the persons and some pictures _ I saw in the room.8. I have done all the work _ he told me to do.9. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.10. Which

14、is the true story _ he told us.11. Im looking for a container in _ I can put all these coins.12. The reason _ he explained to us for her absence from the party sounded reasonable.13. This is the very plan for the summer holiday _ was suggested by his father.14. He isnt the boy _ he was.15. I did not

15、hing _ might hurt you.16. This is the room in _ he lives.17. The first song _ I learned will never be forgotten.18. These articles are the very ones _ should be read.19. Tome came back, _ made us very happy.20. The student you should learn from is the one _ works hard and studies well.21. There is a

16、 young lady _ asks for you.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句：1. A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.2. Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.3. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night._定语从句用来修饰和限定_，与先行词的关系非常密切，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，句子意思会含糊不清。_定语从句起补充说明

17、的作用，即使缺少也不会影响对全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有_与先行词/句隔开，若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。使用非限定性定语从句的情况：关系代词指代整个主句的内容时（此时关系代词不可用that）先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时先行词指的是某人唯一的某个亲属时当出现some/many/a few/most/of which/ whom等时1. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.2. The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers

18、 away from the earth, creates many beautiful stones.3. My father, who is an excellent violinist, is giving a concert next month.4. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：1. As can be seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.2. Shangha

19、i is a big city in China, as/ which we all know.3. The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.4. The road was too slippery, which caused a lot of accidents.5. The child had a fever every day, which worried his parents very much._引导非限定性定语从句时，通常译为_, 在从句中充当一些实义动词（如see,

20、know, remember, expect, show等）的宾语， 此类从句可位于_、_、_。其引导的定语从句通常表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。_引导非限定性定语从句时，通常指代_所提到的_，常译为“这/这一点/ 这件事”，一般充当从句中实义动词主语，此时从句只能位于被修饰句子的_。其引导的此类从句主要是对主句的提到的事情进行补充说明，表明事物存在的状态或引起的结果。当先行词为the way时，关系词可以用that或者in which或者省掉什么都不用。当先行词由the same/such修饰时，关系词用as练习：1. She told me everything _ she k

21、new.2. What impressed me most were the things and persons _ we talked about at the meeting last week.3. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.4. The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.5. Iv read all the books _ were borrowed from others.6. Mr

22、Smith is the only foreigner _ she knows.7. I can remember well the persons and some pictures _ I saw in the room.8. I have done all the work _ he told me to do.9. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.10. Which is the true story _ he told us.11. Im looking for a container in _ I can put all these

23、 coins.12. The reason _ he explained to us for her absence from the party sounded reasonable.13. This is the very plan for the summer holiday _ was suggested by his father.14. He isnt the boy _ he was.15. I did nothing _ might hurt you.16. This is the room in _ he lives.17. The first song _ I learne

24、d will never be forgotten.18. These articles are the very ones _ should be read.19. Tome came back, _ made us very happy.20. The student you should learn from is the one _ works hard and studies well.21. There is a young lady _ asks for you.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句：1. A doctor is a person who looks after pe

25、oples health.2. Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.3. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night._定语从句用来修饰和限定_，与先行词的关系非常密切，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，句子意思会含糊不清。_定语从句起补充说明的作用，即使缺少也不会影响对全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有_与先行词/句隔开，若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。使用非限定性定语从句的情况：关系代词指代整个主句的内容时（此时关系代词不可用that）先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时先行词指的是某人唯一的某个亲属时当出现some/many/a few/most/of which/ whom等时1. She said she had finished her work, which I