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1、University of Georgia Cooperative ExtensionEating Guidelines for DiabetesWhy Change Eating Habits?To prevent complications of diabetesby keeping control of:Blood glucoseCholesterol Blood pressureWhy Change Eating Habits?To improve your healthby making healthy food choicesand being physically activeC

2、arbohydrate and DiabetesInclude foods containing carbohydrate from whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat milk in your dietCarbohydrate and DiabetesThe amount of carbohydrate at a meal affects your blood glucose more than the typeSugar and starch have similar effects on blood glucose =Carbohyd

3、rate and DiabetesConsistency in carbohydrate intake is important from day to dayFor people not taking diabetes medicationFor people taking a fixed dose of insulinInsulin should be adjusted based on amount of carbohydrate at mealsFor people on varying doses at meal timesCarbohydrate and DiabetesSever

4、al things affect how much your blood glucose increases after you eat:amount of carbohydratetype of sugar or starchcooking and food processing food formother foods in the meal that slow digestionCarbohydrate and DiabetesLimited amounts of sugar or foods containing sugar can be used without affecting

5、blood glucosewhen substituted for other carbohydrates at the mealLarge amounts of sugar-containing foods are not recommendedSubstituting SweetsUsual diet: 45 grams carbohydrate (or 3 Carbohydrates Choices)1 slice bread1/3 cup rice1/2 cup fruit3 ounces chickenVegetable saladSubstitute ice-cream for 1

6、5 grams of carbohydrate (or 1 Carbohydrate Choice)1/2 cup ice-cream1/3 cup rice 1/2 cup fruit3 ounces chickenVegetable saladCarbohydrate and DiabetesTo observe effect of new food on blood glucose:check blood glucose 2 hours after meal for several dayssubstitute food containing sugar for other carboh

7、ydrate in mealcheck blood glucose 2 hours after meal and compareSweeteners and DiabetesSugar alcohols (polyols):sorbitol, mannitol, xylitolUsed as sweeteners and bulking agentsSafe to useMay cause diarrhea, especially in childrenFructose: Not recommended as a sweetenerSweeteners and Diabetes Low cal

8、orie sweeteners:are safe for people with diabetes when consumed within recommended levelsCarbohydrate and DiabetesFiber:Fiber is encouraged for everyone: 20-35 grams/dayGood sources of fiber:Whole grain cerealsFruitsVegetablesBeans and peasCarbohydrate and DiabetesFiber:Only large amounts (50 grams/

9、day) have shown improvement in blood glucose and cholesterolPrimarily soluble fiber (barley, oatmeal, beans, apples, broccoli)Side effects make this difficult for many peopleProtein and DiabetesProtein has very little effect on blood glucoseAvoid large amounts of proteinmay promote kidney diseaseRes

10、trict protein only if you have early kidney diseaseProtein and DiabetesProtein does not slow the absorption of carbohydrateAdding protein to snacks does not help prevent hypoglycemia Fruit or crackers are good snack foodsProtein and DiabetesSafety of high protein, low carbohydrate weight loss diets

11、are unknowndo not promote long-term weight lossmay increase LDL cholesterolDietary Fat and DiabetesPrimary goal - Lower LDL cholesterol by:Eating less saturated fat and cholesterolEating less trans fatsDietary Fat and DiabetesFoods That Contain Saturated Fats:Meat and meat fats (bacon, lard)Dairy pr

12、oducts (whole milk, butter, cheese, cream, ice-cream)Palm and coconut oilBaked goods made from these fatsDietary Fat and DiabetesFoods That Contain Trans Fats:Formed when a liquid oil is made more solidFound in many types of stick margarine, fast foods, and baked goods like cookies, crackers, snack

13、foods, pastries and croissantsDietary Fat and DiabetesFoods That Contain Cholesterol:All animal foodsOrgan meats like liver Egg yolksDietary Fat and DiabetesChoose monounsaturated fat in place of saturated:olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, olives, avocados, nutsDietary Fat and DiabetesEat less tota

14、l fatLow-fat diets can help:with weight lossimprove cholesterol and other fatsDietary Fat and DiabetesEat 2-3 servings fish per weekcontain a type of fat protective against heart diseasefatty fish especially beneficialWeight Loss and DiabetesA small amount of weight loss can:improve insulin resistan

15、celower blood glucoseimprove blood cholesterolreduce blood pressureWeight Loss and DiabetesSuccessful weight loss usually requires:a structured weight loss programeducationreduced fat and caloriesregular physical activityfrequent follow-upVitamins and Minerals and DiabetesVitamins and minerals from

16、foods importantHigh doses of vitamin and mineral supplements can be toxicVitamins and Minerals and DiabetesPeople who may benefit from a multivitamin supplement:persons deficient in a vitamin or mineralelderlypregnant or nursing mothersstrict vegetarianspersons on calorie-restricted dietVitamins and

17、 Minerals and DiabetesNo clear benefit from vitamin and mineral supplements exceptcalcium for prevention of bone diseasefolate for prevention of birth defectsUse of antioxidants is not advisedvitamin C, E, selenium, beta carotenelong-term safety and effectiveness unknownAlcohol and DiabetesIf you choose to drink, limit to:1 drink/day for women2 drinks/day for menTo reduce risk of hypoglycemia, consume alcohol with foodHigh Blood Pressure and DiabetesYou can lower blood pressure by:Eating less salt Losing a modest amo