树形图详细讲解

1、树形图详尽解说1.Indicatethecategoryofeachwordinthefollowingsentences.a)Theoldladysuddenlyleft.DetANQualVb)Thecarstoppedattheendoftheroad.DetNVPDetNPDetNc)Thesnowmighthaveblockedtheroad.DetNAuxAuxVDetNd)Heneverappearsquitemature.NQualVDegA2.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andaspecifier.Drawtheap

2、propriatetreestructureforeach.fullofpeopleAPAPNfullofpeopleastoryaboutasentimentalgirlNPNPPPDetNPNPDetANastoryaboutasentimentalgirloftenreaddetectivestoriesVPQualVNPANoftenreaddetectivestories.theargumentagainsttheproposalsNPNPPPDetNPNPDetNtheargumentagainsttheproposalsmovetowardsthewindowVPVPPPDetN

3、movetowardsthewindow3.Drawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.a)Thejetlanded.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetNPstVThejetlandedMarybecameveryill.InflP(=S)NPInflVPNPstVAPDegAMarybecameveryill.Whatwillyoutalkabout?CPNPCSNInflNPInflVPVPNPVPNWhatwillyouetalkabouteTheapplemighthittheman.SNPVPDetNAuxVNP

4、DetNTheapplemighthitthemanORInflP(=S)NPInflVPDetNVNPDetNTheapplemighthittheman.Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.SNPVPNQualVNPANHeoftenreadsetectivestoriesORInflP(=S)NPInflVPPresNQualVNPANHeoftenreadsetectivestories4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodi

5、fier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.Afrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPstVNPDetANAfrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane.Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPstVPPPNPDetANAhugemoonhungintheblackskyAnunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.InflP(=S)NPIn

6、flVPDetANPstVPPPNPDetNAnunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeetingAquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPPstVPPANPNPDetANAquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhillThefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpant

7、s.InflP(=S)NPVPNAuxVNPDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsORInflP(=S)NPVPNInflVNPDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsHelenputonherclothesandwentout.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentout.ORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPstVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentoutMa

8、ryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPNMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatisticsORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPresVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPNMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics.Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein.SSCONSNPVPNPVPDetNVAdvDetANVAdvThedetectivewe

9、ntoutandthemysteriousmancameinCrusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.SNPVPCPNVCSSCONSNPVPNPVPNAuxVDetNAuxVCrusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmeltThefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachse

10、ntence.a)YouknowthatIhatewar.SNPVPCPNVCSNPVPNVNPNYouknowthatIhatewar.ORCPCInflP(=S)NPInflVPCPNPresVCSNPVPNVNPNYouknowthatIhatewarHesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.SNPVPCPNVCSNPVPCPNVCSNPVPDetNVLAHesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.GerrycantbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.SNPV

11、PNVPNPCPAuxNegVNPCSDetNNPVPNVNPDetANGerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.SNPVPCPNVLACSNPVPDetNVNPNPNDetNChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-RoyceThechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.SNPVPCPDetNVPCSVPNPVPNVNPNThechildrenargue

12、doverwhetherbatshadwingsthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegPNPInflVPNVNPNTheessayhewrotethatwastoolongSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegPNPNPInflVPNNPstVNPNTheessaythathewroteewastoolong.Thedogthatheke

13、epsbites.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVCInflSPresNPVPNVNPNThedoghekeepsthatbitesSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVCSNPNPInflVPNNPresVNPNThedogthathekeepsebites.Herbertfoundthemansheloved.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNCSNPInflVPNPNVNHerbertfoundthemanshelovedwhoSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNS

14、CNPInflVPNPNPNVNNHerbertfoundtheman(whom)shelovede.Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCInflSNNPVPPPNQualVPNPVPNThegirlheoftenquarrelswithwhommajorsinlinguisticsSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCSNNPNPInflVPPPNNQualVPNPVPNThegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswi

15、themajorsinlinguistics.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.a)Wouldyoucometomorrow?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPAdvPNInflVAdvyouwouldcometomorrowSurfacestructureCPCSVPNPAdvPInflNInflVAdvwouldyouecometomo

16、rrow.Canyoupassmethenewspaper?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPNPNPNInflVNDetNyoucanpassmethenewspaperSurfacestructureCPCSVPInflNPNPNPNInflVNDetNCanyouepassmethenewspaper.Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPNPDetNInflVDetNthestudentsshouldreporttheincidentSurfacestructureCPCSVPInflNPNPDetNInflVDetNshouldthestudentsereporttheincident.Whatdidyoueatforlunch?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPNPNPNInflVPNNyoudideatwhatforlunchSurfacestructureCPNPCSVPInflNPPPNPNPNNInflVPNNwhatdidyoueeateforlunch.Whoshouldthisbereportedto?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPVPNPNInflVVPNthisshouldberepor